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Monitoring of carbohydrate income in sportsmen's diet
Pourová, Veronika ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
The topic of my master thesis is monitoring of carbohydrate intake in sportsmen's diet. In the thesis, intake of carbohydrates as well as other macronutrients is monitored in order to evaluate, if athletes prefer other energy sources to carbohydrates and if their total energy intake is sufficient. If athletes prefer easily digestible carbohydrates or if they follow recommendation for healthy diet and increase their intake of whole foods, legumes, fruits and vegetables can be evaluated by monitoring fiber and sugar intake. All the monitored data are compared with non-athletes in order to see, in which field their diets vary. In the theoretical part, principles of sports nutrition are defined, basics of population recommendations are mentioned and methods of nutritional assessment and energy expenditure estimation are explained. In the practical part, five-day food-diaries of athletes and non-athletes are evaluated by NutriPro Expert software. Five-day physical activity diaries recorded during the same days are evaluated by using the Compendium of Physical Activities. All the studied values (energy intake, energy expenditure, carbohydrate, fat, protein, sugar, fiber and alcohol intake) were compared to recommended values for athletes and non- athletes and further compared among these two groups. The...
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Brain energy metabolism and its pathologies
Nová, Jana ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The brain belongs amongst metabolically most active organs and disturbances of brain energy metabolism are commonly cited as a critical factor predisposing to neurodegeneration. Brain metabolic substrates must be strictly regulated both spatially and temporarily to ensure the energy homeostasis of the brain. Research on energy metabolism of the brain identified several models revealing the interdependence of metabolic processes in the CNS. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effects of selected biologically active natural compounds on mammalian energy metabolism
Seďová, Karolína ; Flachs, Pavel (advisor) ; Doleželová, Šárka (referee)
Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. If a patient experiences at least a trio of these diseases are diagnosed metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases has increased at an alarming rate in recent years and has become a worldwide health problem. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Some minor components which are commonly found in our diet (eg some plant metabolites), directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism of our body and thus can reduce or even prevent developing health complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. This thesis, aims to clearly summarize the findings and results of scientific studies on selected plant metabolites occurring in extracts of specific plants that have preventive or therapeutic effects on obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This work describes the use of these substances in the pharmaceutical industry and the food industry, the primary natural resources , and mechanisms of action , including effective doses. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Energy metabolism of heart at high altitude and during physical exercise
Flégrová, Eliška ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Heart is a highly oxidative tissue with the ability to modulate its energetic metabolism according to prevailing conditions of the organism. Stress conditions such as exercise and prolonged staying at high altitude induce a fetal gene programme leading to increased carbohydrate and decreased fatty acid utilization. It seems that mitochondrial fuction and the changes in redox state of the cell play a key role in activation of various transcriptional factors, mainly HIF-1α modulating expression of numerous signalling and metabolic pathways as well as changes in structural proteins in the heart. Activation of these mechanisms results in cardioprotective phenotype which increased the tolerance of the heart to acute lack of oxygen. Understanding the mechanisms of these adaptive changes is important for the development of tools that would help reduce the effects of acute myocardial infarction in humans.
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Importance of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of energy metabolism of mammals
Hansíková, Jana ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serin/threonin protein kinase, its main role is in energy regulation at both on the cellular and whole body levels. As a stress sensor controls the oxidation of fatty acid, transport and uptake of glucose uptake into cell, gluconeogenesis and other metabolic pathway in tissue such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue including hypothalamic central regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Regulation of AMPK on whole-body level is coordinated by a variety of hormones (adipokines) secreted by adipose tissue. Leptin is one of key adipokines associated with the efect of AMPK . Effects of leptin are linked to both programming the metabolism in the perinatal period and with important regulations in adult metabolism. Data about development of AMPK in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues in the perinatal period are still rare. Considering to the key role of AMPK in mediation of central regulation of leptin in the hypothalamus and metabolic effects of leptin in muscle, further research to expand knowledge in this area is required.
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FoF1-ATP synthase/ATPase in the parasitic protist, \kur{Trypanosoma brucei}
ŠUBRTOVÁ, Karolína
This thesis primarily focuses on the FoF1-ATP synthase/ATPase complex in the parasitic protist, Trypanosoma brucei. Instead of its normal aerobic function to synthesize ATP, it is required to hydrolyze ATP to maintain the m in the infective bloodstream stage of T. brucei and the related parasite, T. b. evansi. To better understand the composition, structure and function of this druggable target, my work focused on deciphering the function of three of the unique Euglenozoa specific subunits that comprise this complex molecular machine. Furthermore, the ADP/ATP carrier, which provides substrates for the FoF1-ATP synthase/ATPase, was functionally characterized and evaluated if it is physically associated with the complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
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