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Risks associated with the use of biochar in the terrestrial ecosystem
Valeeva, Adeliia ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to assess the ecotoxicity of biochar produced from sewage sludge in Ingolstadt. Biochar is one of the carbon storage options and it’s applied to the soil. Biochar has an effect not only on the terrestrial ecosystem in direct contact of organisms with the sample, but also on aquatic in the leaching of substances from biochar into water. Therefore, contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effect. The representative of the decomposers was the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the primary producer – the plant Lactuca Sativa and the Daphnia magna was chosen from the aquatic organisms. The test results differed slightly, but the lowest negative effect on the test organisms was shown by soil samples with the addition of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg granular biochar.
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Assessment of the effect of formaldehyde resin monomers on the environment
Kalčíková, Gabriela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Thousand of new substances with unknown environmental effect are produced and used daily. Many of them are deliberately or by negligence released and deposited into the environment where they could undergo different transport and degradation mechanisms. They are able to affect different types of organisms, as well as humans. For this reason, the awareness of the problems, associated with pollution of all environmental compartments is growing. The environmental impact of monomer formaldehyde resins, which are produced for commercial use, on the environment were studied in this research. For the purposes of ecotoxicological evaluation samples of melamine-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resin were chosen and three toxicity tests were run: acute test with measurement of inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, the acute test with luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and acute test with measurement of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge. For more comprehensive assessment of the impact of these substances on the environment, biodegradability was also determined. Both tested substances showed minor hazardous impact to testing organisms and it can be concluded, that these substances should not present a significant risk to the environment.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of biochar from sewage sludge
Kotzurová, Iveta ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the ecotoxicological effect of biochar produced from sewage sludge. In case of application of biochar to agricultural land, both the soil and aquatic ecosystem may be affected therefore contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effects. Representatives of soil invertebrates were earthworms Eisenia fetida; Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were chosen from aquatic animals and terrestrial plants were represented by Lactuca sativa, Sinapis alba and Allium cepa. The results of contact tests point out how ecosystem could be negatively affected by biochar dose. Through aqueous extract were shown differences in sensitivity of individual organisms in aquatic tests. Dried sewage sludge was found to be the biggest burden for all tested organisms. The pelletized biochar with the addition of an additive showed the lowest negative effect on tested organisms.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of former mineral oil refinery
Kociánová, Sabina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Brownfields are one of the unfavorable parts of industrial heritage that developed from 18th to 20th century. Brownfields are very different and in most cases they have negative impact on the environment. Crucial for this thesis were brownfields with certain level of contaminations. The site of a former refinery of mineral oils OSTRAMO, which represents ecological burden, is a brownfield that can threaten the environment in all its compartments. This was the reason why OSTRAMO was selected for this thesis. The goal of this thesis was to evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of contaminated samples taken from the location via ecotoxicity testing in aquatic and contact arrangement. The result of each test confirmed expected negative impact of the samples from the location of former rafinery on testing organisms.
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Assessment of the ecotoxic effect of plasma-activated solutions
Belisová, Mária ; Šimečková,, Jana (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with ecotoxicity assessment of plasma-activated solutions. Various plasma-activated solutions were prepared in the experiments. In the vast majority of tests, it was plasma-activated tap water – PAW. Depending on the test organism, dilution water was further processed, namely dilution water for Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna. In this master‘s thesis the ecotoxicological effects were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic plant Lemna minor, on a crustaceans T. platyurus and D. magna and on agricultural crops Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa L. . Crustaceans are fresh-water organisms on which the water contamination can be quickly and quite easily assessed. These plasma-activated solutions were also tested for acute ecotoxicity of soil organisms by ecotoxicological contact tests with Eisenia fetida, springtails Folsomia candida and seeds of L. sativa. Tests on T. platyurus and D. magna were performed in time intervals and a change in mortality was observed depending on PAW concentration. If the test results allowed, the LC50, IC50, A and NR escapism values were calculated. When the measured and calculated values did not allow such a calculation, the overall effect of PAW on organisms was assessed and a significant difference was calculated for the L.sativa root growth inhibition test. The final results showed that PAW has an ecotoxic effect on aquatic organisms, while it has rather beneficial effects on terrestrial organisms.
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Evaluation of energetic byproducts via selected ecotoxicity tests
Král, Petr ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is the study of ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts generated from the power industry. The theoretical part is focused on current problems concerning waste ecotoxicity testing namely on needs of ecotoxicity testing not only in terrestric but also in aquatic arrangement. In practical part selected energetic byproduct were evaluated via Acute toxicity test and Avoidance test on soil organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Plant root growth inhibition test on letuce and onion (Lactuca sativa a Allium cepa). Luminescent bacteria test on Vibrio fischeri was also used. Obtained results served for evaluation of potential ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts discussion. It was found that test in contact arrangement is very important for complex evaluation of negative effects of matrices entering the ecosystem. Also the importance of test on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is not negligible, because provides additional information of effects on representatives of destruents as an important ecosystem function part.
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Ecotoxicity of selected pesticides
Konečná, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of insecticide mixtures Perfekthion and Bulldock 25 EC and their effective substances, dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin, respectively. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide while beta-cyfluthrin belongs to pyrethroids. Both mixtures’ target organisms are sucking and biting pests on grain crops, potatoes, vegetables, oilseed rape and ornamental flowers. Their application over large areas and transport in large volumes generates a significant risk of entering the environment. Mixtures and substances were tested on water plant Lemna minor, algae Desmodesmus quadricauda and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. The LC50, EC50, and IC50 values were determined and ecotoxicity of substances and mixtures was evaluated and compared.
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The usage of OECD tests for determination of waste ecotoxicity
Zálešáková, Ludmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I consern myself with tests of waste ecotoxicity that are recommended by OECD. The main purpose of the thesis is to characterize these tests and compare them from the application aspect. The thesis presents OECD, its establishment and relation to the Czech Republic. Waste problems are discussed here too. Fundamental terms in this field, sorts of waste and its origin are defined here. The main attention is focused on ecotoxicological tests that are characterized according to their application, implementation and testing organism.
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Ecotoxicity of selected platinum metals.
Kořínková, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Over the last 20 years increasing concentration of platinum metals in the environment was recorded. These hazardous metals come through anthropogenic activities in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to deal with their possible negative impact on organisms. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of selected complex compounds of platinum metals, namely platinum and palladium. For ecotoxicity evaluation tests on following aquatic organisms were used: Daphnia manga, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Lemna minor. On the base of obtained results ecotoxicological values of LC50 and EC50 were calculated.
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