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Role of intestinal circadian clock in epithelial transport, proliferation, and tumourigenesis
Soták, Matúš
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT The molecular circadian clock enables anticipation of environmental changes. In mammals, clocks are ubiquitously present in almost all tissues and they are comprised of transcriptional-translational feedback loops of the so-called clock genes. The central clock represents the intrinsic pacemaker which is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Clockwork system in alimentary tract and its regulatory link to intestinal functions are poorly understood. Therefore the objective of the thesis was to characterize molecular clock in particular parts of the rat intestine and to elucidate its link to the intestinal transport, regulation of cell cycle and neoplastic transformation in colonic tissue. We used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to determine circadian profiles of mRNA expression of clock genes in the epithelium of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of rat. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of genes coding sodium chloride transporters and channels as well as cell cycle regulators in colon. To focus more precisely on different structures of intestinal epithelia we used laser capture microdissection. In addition, we performed Ussing chamber measurements to determine the colonic electrogenic transport. To study the contribution of circadian...
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Role of intestinal circadian clock in epithelial transport, proliferation, and tumourigenesis
Soták, Matúš ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Herichová, Iveta (referee)
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT The molecular circadian clock enables anticipation of environmental changes. In mammals, clocks are ubiquitously present in almost all tissues and they are comprised of transcriptional-translational feedback loops of the so-called clock genes. The central clock represents the intrinsic pacemaker which is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Clockwork system in alimentary tract and its regulatory link to intestinal functions are poorly understood. Therefore the objective of the thesis was to characterize molecular clock in particular parts of the rat intestine and to elucidate its link to the intestinal transport, regulation of cell cycle and neoplastic transformation in colonic tissue. We used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to determine circadian profiles of mRNA expression of clock genes in the epithelium of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of rat. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of genes coding sodium chloride transporters and channels as well as cell cycle regulators in colon. To focus more precisely on different structures of intestinal epithelia we used laser capture microdissection. In addition, we performed Ussing chamber measurements to determine the colonic electrogenic transport. To study the contribution of circadian...
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Adjusting Wnt signaling, new regulatory mechanisms of the Wnt pathway
Fafílek, Bohumil ; Kořínek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Stopka, Tomáš (referee) ; Machoň, Ondřej (referee)
4 Abstract The Wnt pathway is one of the major signaling cascades contributing to multiple cellular processes during embryogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Moreover, aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is connected with development of neoplasia, notably colorectal cancer. The aim of the thesis was to identify new ways of the Wnt pathway regulation to understand better physiological as well as non-physiological mechanisms of Wnt signaling. The results are summarized in four publications. The first article deals with TROY, a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor family. We identified TROY as a Wnt target gene during our search for Wnt responsive genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Additionally, we detected expression of Troy in tumors of two mouse models of intestinal cancer. In the healthy gut, Troy is produced in fast cycling intestinal stem cells where negatively regulates the Wnt pathway. The second study focuses on processing and posttranslational modification of murine Wnt1 and Wnt3a. Wnts are glycosylated and double acetylated by lipid adducts and our results revealed that O-linked acylation of serine is required for the subsequent S-palmitoylation of cysteine. Moreover, acylation of Wnts is connected with their signaling activity which is related to Wnt1 and...
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Linguistic picture of the particular somatisms in Czech
Škanderová, Adéla ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with a lingvistic picture of the world of the particular somatisms, namely the components of the digestive system (stomach, bile, gall bladder, heartburn, intestine). The theoretical part covers the term cognition, cognitive science and, logically, cognitive linguistics. Furthermore, it includes the indispensable and key topics which have to be taken into account to understand the concept of the linguistic picture of the world, i.e. conceptualization, categorization, metaphor, anthropocentrism etc. The practical part is interested in the real occurence of the somatisms in various language contexts. In particular, their occurence in collocations, phraseology and idiomatic expressions. The analysis is based on the profile theory and its image schema. The lingustic backround is supplemented with the psychosomatic knowledge because it appears to be a helpful science branch while completing and considering the possible connection between the occurence of somatism in the language of the specific culture and extralinguistic reality.
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Inter-caste differences in the anatomy of termite Embiratermes neotenicus (Termitidae: Syntermitinae)
Vacek, Kryštof ; Šobotník, Jan (advisor) ; Nakládal, Oto (referee)
I devote my thesis to the inner anatomy of termites, as exemplified by Embiratermes neotenicus (Blattodea: Termitoidea: Termitidae: Syntermitinae), in which I studied differences in particular inner organs between worker and soldier. In the first part I described the general body structure typical for sterile castes in termites. I deal with the development, structure, size and also with the purpose of individual organs. These are namely exocrine and endocrine glands, central nervous system, digestive system, fat body, respiratory and circulatory systems, gonads, and muscles. In practical part, I examined worker and soldier of Embiratermes neotenicus by means of optical microscopy. I successfully analysed the development of particular organs and the overall structure of the body. In the discussion section, I compare both castes and put my observations into a broader context.
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Knot unit for casing, device technical design and its automatic control
Šimeček, Jiří ; Marada, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Zdeněk (advisor)
My diploma work deals with the project and the construction of prototype machinery into food-processing industry which serves for knotting of frankfurther casings. This knot is make on uneatable frankfurther casing of which is shirring a peg. Diploma work I separated into several parst. In the firts part I inscribe to project of principle of knotting. In other part I prefer instrumentation components and automation function, algorithms of operating, solution to automation problems and realization of application program. This work is complete any program in Visilogic.
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Rabbit gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
NEDOROSTOVÁ, Anna
Presented bachelor project deals with rabbit?s lymphatic tissue of intestine which is the biggest lymphatic organ in a rabbit's body. In the first part of the project anatomical system of a rabbit?s intensine and it's general histological structure is described, following part deals with lymphatic tissue of intensine (Peyers patches, isolated lymphoid follicle, sacculus rotundus, cecal patch, appendix) and supplemented by macroscopic and microscopic images. Histological structure of each GALT component is identical, there are lymphatic follicles covered with special epithelium, however individual GALT components of rabbit differ in percentage of appearance of T and B lymphocyte. All GALT structures are responsible for induction of the immune response, saculus roundus and appendix are locations of formation of the primary antibody repertoire. Project created theoretical foundations for another study about lymphatic tissue of rabbit's intestine.
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