|
|
Ecotoxicity of Firefighting foam
Belisová, Mária ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ecotoxicity of selected fire extinguishing agents concentrated on surface-active agents (surfactants) contained in foam fire extinguishers. Tested substances were solid humectants TS TURBO and TS ECO. In this bachelor thesis the ecotoxicological effects were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic plant Lemna minor and a crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. They are fresh-water organisms on which the water contamination can be quickly and quite easily assessed. Also these fire extinguishers were tested for acute ecotoxicity of soil organisms by ecotoxicological contact tests with Eisenia fetida and seeds of Lactuca sativa. Finally, the biodegradation of both fire extinguishing agents was tested, observing the change between 24 hour exposition and one month exposition of tested agents. The change of toxicity was tested with Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on experimental results of extinguishing agents the value of LC50 and IC50 was calculated and the ecotoxicity was compared.
|
|
|
Influence of mining on environment in respect to ecotoxicology
Kociánová, Sabina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with an influence of mining on environment from the point of view of ecotoxicology. First focus in the thesis is on overall impact of coal mining on environment. The thesis is especially closely focusing on mine water, its formation and negative influence on aquatic ecosystem. In this connection the thesis mentions examples of ecotoxicological evaluation, so called acidic mining water. The thesis also mentions legislative scope that is related to the issues about protecting environment against impact from coal mining and subject dedicated to restoration of affected areas.
|
|
|
Risks associated with the use of biochar in the terrestrial ecosystem
Valeeva, Adeliia ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to assess the ecotoxicity of biochar produced from sewage sludge in Ingolstadt. Biochar is one of the carbon storage options and it’s applied to the soil. Biochar has an effect not only on the terrestrial ecosystem in direct contact of organisms with the sample, but also on aquatic in the leaching of substances from biochar into water. Therefore, contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effect. The representative of the decomposers was the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the primary producer – the plant Lactuca Sativa and the Daphnia magna was chosen from the aquatic organisms. The test results differed slightly, but the lowest negative effect on the test organisms was shown by soil samples with the addition of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg granular biochar.
|
|
|
Assessment of the effect of formaldehyde resin monomers on the environment
Kalčíková, Gabriela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Thousand of new substances with unknown environmental effect are produced and used daily. Many of them are deliberately or by negligence released and deposited into the environment where they could undergo different transport and degradation mechanisms. They are able to affect different types of organisms, as well as humans. For this reason, the awareness of the problems, associated with pollution of all environmental compartments is growing. The environmental impact of monomer formaldehyde resins, which are produced for commercial use, on the environment were studied in this research. For the purposes of ecotoxicological evaluation samples of melamine-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resin were chosen and three toxicity tests were run: acute test with measurement of inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, the acute test with luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and acute test with measurement of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge. For more comprehensive assessment of the impact of these substances on the environment, biodegradability was also determined. Both tested substances showed minor hazardous impact to testing organisms and it can be concluded, that these substances should not present a significant risk to the environment.
|
|
|
Ecotoxicological assessment of biochar from sewage sludge
Kotzurová, Iveta ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the ecotoxicological effect of biochar produced from sewage sludge. In case of application of biochar to agricultural land, both the soil and aquatic ecosystem may be affected therefore contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effects. Representatives of soil invertebrates were earthworms Eisenia fetida; Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were chosen from aquatic animals and terrestrial plants were represented by Lactuca sativa, Sinapis alba and Allium cepa. The results of contact tests point out how ecosystem could be negatively affected by biochar dose. Through aqueous extract were shown differences in sensitivity of individual organisms in aquatic tests. Dried sewage sludge was found to be the biggest burden for all tested organisms. The pelletized biochar with the addition of an additive showed the lowest negative effect on tested organisms.
|
|
|
Ecotoxicological assessment of former mineral oil refinery
Kociánová, Sabina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Brownfields are one of the unfavorable parts of industrial heritage that developed from 18th to 20th century. Brownfields are very different and in most cases they have negative impact on the environment. Crucial for this thesis were brownfields with certain level of contaminations. The site of a former refinery of mineral oils OSTRAMO, which represents ecological burden, is a brownfield that can threaten the environment in all its compartments. This was the reason why OSTRAMO was selected for this thesis. The goal of this thesis was to evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of contaminated samples taken from the location via ecotoxicity testing in aquatic and contact arrangement. The result of each test confirmed expected negative impact of the samples from the location of former rafinery on testing organisms.
|
|
| |
|
|
Evaluation of energetic byproducts via selected ecotoxicity tests
Král, Petr ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is the study of ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts generated from the power industry. The theoretical part is focused on current problems concerning waste ecotoxicity testing namely on needs of ecotoxicity testing not only in terrestric but also in aquatic arrangement. In practical part selected energetic byproduct were evaluated via Acute toxicity test and Avoidance test on soil organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Plant root growth inhibition test on letuce and onion (Lactuca sativa a Allium cepa). Luminescent bacteria test on Vibrio fischeri was also used. Obtained results served for evaluation of potential ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts discussion. It was found that test in contact arrangement is very important for complex evaluation of negative effects of matrices entering the ecosystem. Also the importance of test on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is not negligible, because provides additional information of effects on representatives of destruents as an important ecosystem function part.
|
|
|
Ecotoxicity of selected pesticides
Konečná, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of insecticide mixtures Perfekthion and Bulldock 25 EC and their effective substances, dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin, respectively. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide while beta-cyfluthrin belongs to pyrethroids. Both mixtures’ target organisms are sucking and biting pests on grain crops, potatoes, vegetables, oilseed rape and ornamental flowers. Their application over large areas and transport in large volumes generates a significant risk of entering the environment. Mixtures and substances were tested on water plant Lemna minor, algae Desmodesmus quadricauda and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. The LC50, EC50, and IC50 values were determined and ecotoxicity of substances and mixtures was evaluated and compared.
|
|
|
The usage of OECD tests for determination of waste ecotoxicity
Zálešáková, Ludmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I consern myself with tests of waste ecotoxicity that are recommended by OECD. The main purpose of the thesis is to characterize these tests and compare them from the application aspect. The thesis presents OECD, its establishment and relation to the Czech Republic. Waste problems are discussed here too. Fundamental terms in this field, sorts of waste and its origin are defined here. The main attention is focused on ecotoxicological tests that are characterized according to their application, implementation and testing organism.
|
guest ::
