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Awareness of contagious disease in mind of pupils at basic and secondary schools.
Peštová, Ilona ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Infectious diseases are a very hot topic nowadays in society. In recent years, there were several epidemics, infectious diseases (hepatitis A, Avian influenza, pandemic influenza A) and nobody knows when will the next "new" infection. At the outbreak of epidemics, there is great interest in the company to obtain information about the disease, but often also to unnecessary panic, because the media often publish incorrect information. It would be preferable, in order to improve public awareness and prevent the unnecessary spread of disease. Great emphasis should be given to prevent the disease - primarily on immunization, hygiene rules and principles of safe sex. Quality information should be mainly from teachers in teaching their pupils, as is clear from research books, infectious diseases are only mentioned in textbooks and the number of substantive information in them is missing. The fact that pupils of primary schools and grammar schools with basic information on infectious diseases do not meet in the classroom, evidenced by the results of a survey carried out in the 6th classes and first year at selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague. To raise awareness of the pupils in school was to create a methodical manual for teachers, which summarizes information about bacterial and...
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Muscle activity analysis during the violoncello play
Kasanová, Barbora ; Vilímek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Muscle activity analysis during the violoncello play Objectives: This thesis focuses on analysing and comparing specific back muscles of a bowing violoncellist. The findings can help understanding pathologic mechanisms and back pain caused by violoncello playing. It may be useful in choosing suitable preventive compensatory exercise as well and for future research. Eventually, the analysis could be applied in playing ergonomics and designing a proper seat. The thesis also aims on evaluating suitability of the chosen measuring method in this branch. Methods: The theoretical part reviews contemporary knowledge about musculoskeletal system disorders linked with violoncello playing. The practical part aims on evaluating data obtained from 3D kinematic analysis and surface EMG of specific back muscles of professional violoncello player during playing. Several conditions are assessed. Results: The experiment has shown that when playing a violoncello there is an asymmetric loading of the back muscles. Loading of specific muscles has is affected by way of bowing, string location and the seat. The experiment was done on a single proband, so these conclusions may not be generally valid. Keywords: violoncello playing, musicians, surface electromyography, 3d kinematic analysis, violoncellists' diseases,...
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Physiological changes during honeybee (Apis mellifera) ontogenesis and between castes
Martišková, Ester ; Erban, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čapková Frydrychová, Radmila (referee)
This work is focused on describing the individual differences in physiology of honeybee Apis mellifera during its development. It also compares the differences between the individual caste. A lot of complex rebuilding of the whole organism takes place during the development of Apis Mellifera. Because of that, especially in the early stages, it is important to ensure a great supply of energy. Larvae need to acquire an abundant source of nutrients, so they can grow fast and have a sufficient storage for the pupal stage, during which the new body reorganization takes place. Newly emerged bees then need to quickly get accustomed to the new environment a assume their role in the hive. Queens need a constant supply of energy, so they can lay eggs for as long as possible. Drones focuse mainly on mating with the queen. The life of Apis mellifera is also influenced by other factors, primarly by numerous diseases and pathogens. The results of this work can give a comprehensive idea about the complex development of an individual bee and give a of further research. There are still a lot a lot of unanswered and unexplored realities in biology of bees, that could a topic of study and help us better understand their importance for nature.
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Population models of plant life-cycles and their modifications by diseases and herbivores
Kasner, Marek ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koupilová, Klára (referee)
Pathogens and herbivores are two important groups of organisms with predominantly negative impact on their plant hosts. Although relationships at the individual level are relatively well understood, the data acquired by those studies cannot be easily translated into effects on the population. Various types of population models, also used in the case of the interactions, give us valuable insight into population dynamics. This bachelor thesis at first describes mechanisms and effects of plant pathogens (with emphasis on pathosystems with anther smut Microbotryum violaceum) and herbivores at the individual and population level for the demonstration of diversity of the systems and to stress the discrepancy between the two hierarchical levels. Furthermore, matrix and integral projection models are introduced as invaluable tools for population dynamics projections and understanding the underlying results of the interactions on plant populations. These models use the entire plant life cycle and require long-term censuses of demographic data. The role of these models in plant-pathogen interactions seems heavily underappreciated, however, and thus there is only a small number of studies with their application. The thesis describes mechanisms of the models, modifications in specific life-cycles and their...
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Knowledge of high school students about sexually transmitted diseases
VALÁŠKOVÁ, Dominika
The bachelor thesis is focused on the knowledge of secondary school students about sexually transmitted diseases. The thesis is divided in two parts, a theoretical one and a research one. The theoretical part contains chapters Adolescence, Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and description of selected sexually transmitted diseases. In the research part, quantitative method of research was chosen. Data collection was performed using questionnaires. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel. The data were then statistically evaluated using PivotTables and Chi square test. Graphs were generated from processed data to show responses. The research sample consisted of 120 secondary school students aged 18-20. The aim of this thesis was to find out the knowledge of secondary school students in the field of sexuality. Two hypotheses were set for the research part. The first hypothesis was: Secondary school female students have more knowledge of the principles of safe sexual intercourse than secondary school male students. However, this hypothesis has not been confirmed. The second hypothesis was: Secondary school females students have more knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases than secondary school male pupils. This hypothesis has not been confirmed either. The research has shown that secondary school students are insufficiently informed about sexually transmitted diseases and about the protection against them. The thesis revealed the need to raise students' awareness of sexually transmitted diseases. Their awareness could be raised through brochures and leaflets. This is truly related to adherence to the curriculum and the unification of curricula for all schools. Lectures from midwives could follow the curriculum. The bachelor thesis can be used for presentation at professional conferences
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Inflammation as a mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders and role of physical activity.
Hlaváček, Vojtěch ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Vrajová, Monika (referee)
Psychiatric disorders are becoming an increasing problem and possess a socio-economic burden on societies worldwide. There has been an association between inflammation and psychiatric disorders for some time now, but the causal relationships and mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Better understanding of those mechanisms could help us in dividing patients into different mechanistic subtypes which could react differently to a treatment. That way we could prescribe the most effective treatment depending on the mechanism involved. Inflammation is sensitizing an individual to react in more pro-inflammatory fashion to a stressor leading to chronically inflamed states. This is something that we can observe in an array of mechanisms, which creates many positive inflammatory feedback loops. Those feedback loops are very hard to interrupt, because they reinforce each other, plus the immune system is overreacting to subsequent stressor creating a vicious cycle. This could potentially lead to development of neurodegenerative diseases. As it turns out, physical activity acts on several of those mechanisms involved in inflammatory feedback loops at the same time, making it an ideal prevention/treatment candidate. It plays a huge role in regulation of inflammation in anti-inflammatory manner and might be...
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Morphological changes of erythrocytes in selected diseases
RIEGEROVÁ, Jana
This bachelor's thesis deals with the morphology of ecrocytes and their anomalies related to selected diseases. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the description of individual ecrocyte morphological abnormalities and the description of selected diseases for which morphological transformations are typical. It also aims at the explanation of their importance for diagnosis and disease progress. The practical part comprises description of blood smears microscope evaluation procedure, evaluation of erytrocyte morphology and assessment of morphological transformations in regard to patients' diagnoses. More than 80 samples were evaluated, all of which were collected between 2nd May 2017 and 25th May 2017 at the Department of Hematology in Písek. Selected blood smears containing morphological anomalies. Samples were classified in nineteen categories according to the diagnoses. Afterwards, morphological transformations were evaluated in each category. Frequency of identified abnormalities was assessed and then also their possible impact on the disease was considered. Among three most frequently detected erytrocyte morphological transformations belong polychromasia in 45 samples, anisocytosis in 43 samples and ovalocytosis in 22 samples. The observed morphological transformations were in some cases typical for the basic diagnosis and treatment, in some cases the detected morphology was untypical for diagnosed disease and informed the physician of another possible health issue. Patients with untypical signs in blood smears were consequently subjected to additional tests, which revealed the etiopathogenesis of such transformations. The results thus demonstrate the importance of blood smear evaluation for making a precise diagnosis.
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Melissococcus plutonius causing European foulbrood
Navrátilová, Blanka ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Titěra, Dalibor (referee)
European foulbrood is a bacterial disease attacking honey bee larvae worldwide. It is caused by bacterium Melissococcus plutonius, which is a non-spore-forming, Gram positive, anaerobic bacterium. The adult bees are not affected but serve as a vector of the disease as they carry the bacterium within their own bodies and can travel big distances from their hive and also may interact with other hives especially when their own colony is suffering. Once the bacterium is introduced into the colony, it either remains benign and unnoticed for years, keeping its population low, or it can multiply vigorously within the brood and destroy the entire bee populations. Despite having been described many decades ago, M. plutonius as such along with its virulence remain poorly understood and therefore there is no treatment efficient enough that would keep this bacterium along with the disease under control. Hence it is of a great importance to recognize its presence soon enough to prevent the outbreak. This thesis brings together the knowledge we have so far about this mysterious bacterium and sums up how European foulbrood is being treated all around the world.
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