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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebněhistorické hodnocení krovu zámku v Miloticích (okres Hodonín)
Foltýn, Pavel
The subject of this thesis is the construction and historic evaluation of the age of the wooden truss structure of the State Chateau Milotice in district Hodonín using dendrochronological analysis. There are used procedures of the dendrochronological dating that is procedure of sampling the samples, their subsequent processing and dating. The work also includes construction and historical description of the building, to which have been used available documents form the Moravian Museum in Brno. Fir trees used for construction of truss were originated from the end of year 1721 or from the start of year 1722. From pine trunk was dated just one sample, which met the requirements of period after 1893. Beams of oak trunks were originated from two periods after year 1813 and after year 1943. Probably, fir elements of truss are original and the rest came from of following repairs. Dendrochronologically data analysis helped to specify the previously estimated history of the building, which has a big meaning in the planned reconstruction of the truss structure of the chateau.
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Vliv klimatu na radiální přírůst smrku ztepilého na vybraných lokalitách Beskyd
Filák, Jiří
The influence of climate on the growth of trees is a very important issue with respect to the climate change. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a main grown tree species in the Beskid Mts., and therefore, it is necessary to monitor the causes of changes in its radial increment. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the selected climate factors on radial growth of Norway spruce. Samples for analysis were taken using Pressler increment borer at nine stands between 549 and 950 m above sea level across the Silesian and the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Standard dendrochronological methodology was used to measure tree-ring widths, cross-dating, the creation of tree-ring chronologies and modelling dependence of radial growth on climate factors for the period 1961-2014. Well replicated regional tree-ring chronology shows the narrowest tree-ring widths in 1980, 1993, 2003 and 2006 when more than 40% of trees responded negatively. Radial growth statistically significant positive correlates mainly with temperatures and effective global radiation in the period March-May of the current year. Precipitation has positive effect on the radial growth during the previous growing season and in addition in June of the current year. The relative availability of water in the soil has negative effect on tree-ring width in April of the current year. Moreover, moving correlations shows increasing negative effect of temperature and positive effect of soil moisture and precipitation. The results present that climate change probably lead to necessary forest adaptation measures.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebně-historické hodnocení krovu kostela svatého Václava v Lukovanech (okres Brno-venkov)
Brázda, Ondřej
The object of this thesis is the dendrochronological analysis determinating the age of the wooden roof of the Roman Catholic church of St. Wenceslas in the village Lukovany in the district Brno - venkov. The thesis describes the standard dendrochronological process from sampling, its modifications and measuring up to the actual dating. In the text there can be found also constructional-historical development of the building. The chronological order of this development was created based on the literature review, field work and questionnaires. The trees used for truss were cut after 1810, the trees used for the bell tower after 1837. The dendrochronological dating and the analysis of the anatomical structure of wood helped to validate and to narrow some historical periods of the church. The results of this work can help managers and possible investors in the managing of the building, considered repairs and reconstructions.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebně historické hodnocení krovu budovy LDF MENDELU v Brně
Stefek, Ondřej
On inquiry of LDF MENDELU in Brno the age of wooden roof truss of building B of LDF MENDELU in Cerne Pole was determined. At the same time the age of wooden roof truss of building A in the university s areal was determined. Moreover, a compilation architectural and historical development of the same constructions was done. Because of the dendrochronological analysis, it is possible to date wood of archaeological researches, historical buildings or roof truss. In this bachelor thesis, the standard dendrochronological process is described; from obtaining initial samples, through samples treatment, determining of the type of wooden elements using anatomical structure, measurements of samples until final dating. The basis of historical development was formed with the aid of historical sources and articles, where it was possible to find the beginning of foundation of Mendel university in Cerna Pole and early history of buildings A and B, when building A served as an institute for blind people. Results which were found shows that condition of both constructions is good. Afterwards, the results were compared with available literature. Despite the fact, that both of buildings were damaged during The Second World War, roof truss preserved.
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Sestavení lokálních letokruhových chronologií na základě dendrochronologického datování roubených hospodářských staveb z jihovýchodní Moravy
Tetur, Vladan
The subject of the thesis is to determine the age of individual farm buildings by means of dendrochronological analysis and compilation of local tree-ring chronologies of the given tree species. The work describes a detailed procedure for dendrochronological dating from sampling and preparation of samples through measurements to their dating. The work also deals with the use of individual trees in structures. The oldest building is a barn from the village of Vrbětice made of beech, whose design elements were dated to 1766/1767. On the other hand, the youngest building can be labeled as a fruit dryer from the village of Pradlisko. Taken oak samples from the construction managed to date to 1944/1945. The most represented tree species in the surveyed farm buildings were beech and oak. Other trees are represented in very small numbers to determine their importance in the structure. The oak elements were used in the construction mainly for foundation sills and the beech elements for the construction of the walls. With regard to the number of samples of individual trees, two local ring-shaped chronologies were created. The beech chronology consists of ring-shaped curves of 29 samples taken from historical structures and 22 ring-shaped curves from live trees, with a non-interconnected section of approximately 93 years between the two parts. Combining these two parts, the chronology would be able to cover more than 300 years (1690–2013). Oak local chronology is made up of ring-shaped curves of 30 samples from the surveyed objects and covers the period from 1700 to 1900. Since there is no beech chronology for the Czech Republic, it is a great contribution to making the basic beech chronology for this region, where beech is the most used wood in buildings. The work contributes to the building of beech chronology.
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Dendrochronologické datování dřevěných kostelů severovýchodní oblasti Slovenska a vytvoření lokální standardní chronologie
Lunterová, Lucia
This thesis deals with sacral architecture in northeastern Slovakia, which contributes to the importance of the Šariš region. Some of the buildings (Bodružal, Hervartov and Ladomirová) are included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. The aim of this thesis was dendrochronological dating of selected wooden churches in this region. Based on standard dendrochronological procedures, remove, prepare and measure samples as well as anatomically identify the woods used to build churches. For the purpose of this work, 8 churches of the log structure were selected (Bodružal, Frička, Hervartov, Jedlinka, Kožany, Krivé, Ladomirová, Lukov), of which 118 samples were taken using a Pressler increment borer and 25 photographs for image analysis. The most represented wood was fir (130 samples). A total of 143 samples collected resulted in a successful dating of all churches. The oldest of the dated churches was in Hervartov, where the timber was mined between 1589 and 1593. On the other hand, the youngest of the dated churches was the church in Krive, dating from 1822 to 1826. to the early 19th century. Synchronized annual ring curves were used to construct a local standard chronology that covers the period between 1465 and 1845. This local standard chronology can be used for further determination of wooden churches not only in eastern Slovakia but also in the vicinity. Dating contributes to the clarification of the building history of some churches, as the literature often states inconsistencies.
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Zmapování dřevěných kostelů ve východních Čechách a dendrochronologické datování vybraného kostela
Jiroušová, Adriana
Wooden churches in the Czech Republic provide a rich insight into the history and culture of our country, so it is good to have at least a basic overview of these buildings. For this reason, the mapping of wooden churches in eastern Bohemia took place. By mapping it was found that there are 7 churches in the East Bohemia area. Furthermore, a dendrochronological survey of selected churches was carried out, which could expand the information on their construction. Specifically, it was the church of St. Jiří in Loučná Hora and the church of All Saints in Dobříkov. Sampling was performed on both churches, which were further processed according to according to standard dendrochronological methodology. Oaks and spruces used for the construction of St. George's Church in Loučná Hora were felled in 1776 and 1777. According to literary sources the construction of the church began in 1777. Dating of the Church of All Saints in Dobříkov confirmed primary construction of this church in the former Carpathian Ruthenia. The original oak beams was dated according to the Ukrainian chronology in 1652. According to literary sources, it was transferred to the Czech Republic in 1930. Results of this work showed that some of the construction elements of presbytery were replaced during transport. Oaks used for this beams were felled in 1929 and 1930 according to the Czech oak chronology. The information found serves to confirm or supplement existing information.
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Růstová odezva dřevin středoevropského temperátního lesa na disturbanční událost =: The growth response of Central European temperate forest trees to disturbance events /
Vašíčková, Ivana
The growth response of trees to disturbance events in 8 beech-dominated natural forests in Czech Republic was studied using standard tree-ring analysis. With the use of circa 2 000 increment cores a disturbance regime of Žofín old-growth forest was reconstructed. The results indicate not only disturbance intensity, but also their spatial characteristics determine the effect of disturbance on further forest ecosystem development. As the picture of past disturbances had not emerged to be sufficient enough to describe a historical forest development, recognizing the statistical error of their reconstructions was of great importance. Thus, the following studies focused on quantification of uncertainty in detecting the disturbance history using dendrochronology. Uncertainty in determination of summary disturbance history within the whole stand as well as disturbance spatial patterns were evaluated. The results uncovered that the specific character of dendrochronological data, i.e. the different reactions of individual trees to the identical disturbance event, was a significant source of this uncertainty. The follow-up study logically concerned on examination the true response of Fagus sylvatica to disturbances, dated by independent dendrometric and photogrammetric datasets. On the basis of analysis of nearly 300 tree responses, new empirically-derived criteria for dendrochronological determination of tree growth response were suggested. Finally, factors controlling growth response of Fagus sylvatica to disturbance events were addressed. Regression analysis determined complex of diverse factors of different spatial levels driving the growth reaction following canopy opening.
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Sestavení letokruhových standardních chronologií z recentních dubů pro Českou a Slovenskou republiku a jejich porovnání se středoevropskými chronologiemi
Prokop, Ondřej
The main objectives of the thesis submitted were to create the missing oak tree-ring chronology for the area of Slovakia, update the existing Czech oak tree-ring chronology, assess their paleoclimatic potential, and find the best way to remove the age trend from tree-ring series. At the same time, the number of sapwood tree rings over time was analysed. As the historical and archaeological material can be represented in tree-ring chronologies by curves from different oak species with different age and from different areas, two comparative studies have been carried out to assess their usefulness for the climate reconstruction. Tree-ring chronologies of four selected oak species (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus polycarpa Schur., Quercus dalechampii Ten.) from the same region showed a very similar response to climatic parameters; the differences were caused by local site conditions rather than oak species. Further, the recent part of the Czech oak chronology was divided into five couples of sub-chronologies using various categories (altitude, age of trees, tree species, soil moisture, and geographic location). A great similarity of all the sub-chronologies was confirmed by the most significant growth response of oak to the precipitation sum in the period May to July. The thousands-year-long Czech oak chronology, which has been gradually improved in recent years, still showed insufficient coverage of the entire territory of the oak natural distribution range and insufficient replication in the 19th century. A total of 342 newly collected samples from western Bohemia and samples from selected historical structures, mostly belfries, were used to cover the entire natural distribution range in the Czech Republic and to improve the connection of the recent and the historical parts of the chronology. The study was supplemented by the analysis of the number of sapwood tree rings, which confirmed the declining number of sapwood rings in the direction from the west to the east, and showed that the number of sapwood rings does not change over time (5-24). A completely new tree-ring oak chronology for the territory of the Slovak Republic was made up of 276 historical and 1028 recent samples. The chronology ranges from 967 to 2013 and shows strong resemblance with the tree-ring chronologies from the Czech Republic, Austria and Ukraine. As the Czech chronology, it manifests the most significant response to precipitation in the May to July period with a huge drop in correlations around 1980. The analysis of negative pointer years in the chronology revealed 26 periods; the most extreme year was 1947, which stood out in all of the investigated sites. Comparing the resulting chronologies, no significant differences were found among the various ways of age trend removal from tree-ring series in the periods with sufficient replication. This work extends the knowledge about the behaviour of the oak in Central Europe at the level of tree rings. The newly formed tree-ring oak chronology for the area of Slovakia fills the gap in the dense network of European chronologies and together with the update of the Czech oak chronology increases the potential for hydroclimatic reconstructions and the reliability of the dating of historical oak structures and archaeological finds.
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Quantitative vessel parameters of broadleaves as a tool for reconstruction of physical geographical processes
Tumajer, Jan
Trees adjust wood anatomical structure to environmental conditions, predisposing time series of quantitative wood anatomical parameters to be valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information. In this doctoral project we analysed the response of vessel parameters of i) floodplain Quercus robur to groundwater level fluctuation, hydroclimate variability and extreme events (droughts and floods), and of ii) Betula pendula to mechanical damage caused by various disturbances. Although climatic signal as well as pointer years stored in tree-ring width chronologies of Quercus robur largely differ between sites, quantitative vessel parameters contain spatially- homogenous positive signal of previous year summer temperature and current year winter/early spring temperature. The only between-site difference in wood anatomical chronologies is negative effect of moisture on vessel size in floodplain, which does not occur in not-flooded lowland sites. We suggest that while tree productivity benefits from high water availability, the wood anatomical structure of Quercus robur is constrained by high soil water saturation in floodplain zone. In addition, the response of tree-ring widths to moisture availability is not uniform inside single stand, but subgroups of trees with completely opposite response coexist...
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