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Influence of material characteristics on the fatigue crack growth through bi-material interface
Náhlík, Luboš
This contribution describes a study of the behaviour of a fatigue crack growing in one material and penetrating through the bi-material interface into a second material. Dependence of the stress singularity exponent on Poisson's ratio of both materials is studied. The study especially aims to quantify the influence of the interface on the values of fatigue threshold. It is suggested that the controlling variable for the behaviour of a crack approaching to the interface is the size of the plastic zone existing near the tip of the crack. The results of the contribution makes it possible to decide whether the crack will stop at the interface or continue growing into the second material. The results contribute to a better understanding of the damage of composite materials.
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Determination of T stress for arbitrary oriented crack terminating at interface between two dissimilar materials
Gröger, Roman
The most important factors describing the fracture-mechanics behavior of layered structures are the generalized stress intensity factor and also T stress describing the amplitude of the stress field independent on the radial distance from the crack tip.. Direct methods of the calculation of such parameters are well known and their accuracy is critically assessed by the experimental measurements. The present work proposes an alternative method of determining of the elastic T stress based on the validity of the reciprocal work theorem using the integration of the strain energy along a circular path surrounding the crack tip. The results obtained from a model of a crack terminating at interface between two dissimilar elastic materials are compared with the usually used direct approach. It is shown that such this term is not negligible and generally need to be taken into account in the considerations on the stability of layered materials.
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The effect of posthodiplostomosis on the cyprinid fish fry
Ondračková, Markéta ; Dyková, Iva ; Gelnar, M. ; Jurajda, Pavel
Posthodiplostomosis, called also black-spot disease, is caused by metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Trematoda, Diplostomatidae). These parasites were studied on the cyprinid fish in floodplain area of the River Dyje in South Moravia. Twelve species from 16 totally explored Cyprinids were infected by metacercariae of P. cuticola during 1998, 1999 and 2001. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), rudd (S. erythrophthalmus), silver bream (B. bjoerkna), common bream (A. brama), bitterling (R. sericeus) and Prussian carp (C. auratus gibelio) were infected in all followed seasons. These species were histologicaly examined. During the cyst development the progressive maturation of connective tissue in outer layer of the cyst and infiltration of pigment cells were observed. Production of black pigment around the parasite cyst was chacteristic host reaction. Mainly melanocytes and in a small measure iridocytes took part in the pigmentation. The metacercariae of P. cuticola caused in the juvenile fish spine and body deformation. By high invasion the tissue dystrophy was observed.
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Analysis of the meat oxherd breeds in an organic agriculture
ŠEBELKA, Štěpán
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the results of the Aberdeen Angus meet herd breeding in an ecological farming with the welfare relationship to the animals and at the same time to compare the efficiency after the system change of the farming at the farm Angus, Rančice, owned by Milan Šebelka. The research was done in the period of years 2005 ? 2012. The survey range includes 80 heads of thorough-bred cows as well as 266 heads of Aberdeen Angus calves born in the tracked period. The number of births and calving interval was dated by the cows. By the calves we noted the live weight and average daily gain in the growth process. The population of the calves was then sorted our by year of the birth, sex and by the way of farming. The data entries were elaborated in the MICROSOFT EXCEL and evaluated in STATISTICA. The cows had the calving interval of the period often from 351 to 380 days. In the herd with the most cows occurred at 3rd calf length interval. By the monitored number of calves no matter of the sex was noted the lowest live weight by the birth in transitional period (37.97 kg). The group of calves born in organic farming reached the highest average weight by the birth, in 120 days as well as in 210 days (38.88 kg, 190.91 kg, 307.81 kg). The lowest average weight in 120 days was noticed in transition period (176.93 kg), in 210 day in transition period again (271,56 kg). The best growth ability from the birth to 120 days was by the group of calves born in organic farming (heifers ? 1.177 kg, bulls ? 1.353 kg) compared to the lowest result in transitional period (heifers ? 1.091 kg, bulls ? 1.215 kg). The average daily gain from 120 till 210 days reached its minimum transitional period (heifers ? 1.082 kg, bulls ? 1.233 kg), the maximum numbers were noted in organic farming (heifers ? 1.253 kg, bulls ? 1.343 kg). The growth intensity from the birth till 210 days its minimum transitional period (heifers ? 1.074 kg, bulls ? 1.154 kg), the maximum numbers were noted in organic farming (heifers ? 1.209 kg, bulls ? 1.347 kg). In the ecological agriculture system was noted statistical better efficiency results (live weight, growth intensity) compared to conventional agriculture system.
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Influence of different types of slaughter lines for the incidence of pork meat (PSE)
ČERNÁ, Lenka
The main aim of the present thesis was to compare different types of slaughter lines and their influence on the occurence of meat defects with emphasis on PSE defect. The research has been concentrated mainly on the slaughter lines which use the technology of stunning the animals with electricity and concentrated CO2. The research monitors the rate of PSE defect from the slaughter to the cutting of the pig (approximately 48 hours). For considering the difference in quality of the meat the basic identification indicators of both pH1 and the draining of meat were created. Furthermore, we monitored pH24 and pH48, too. Analyzing of the above mentioned indicators shows that stunning with concentrated CO2 is more suitable with regard to the quality of the meat. The average pH1 value was 0,3 (p < 0,001) higher, pH24 value was 0,243 (p < 0,001) higher and the average value of meat juice drainage was 2,16% lower (p < 0,001). The anylysis of the PSEi and PSE quality difference based on pH1 when stunning with the use of concentrated CO2 shows lower frequency of PSEi (7,843% lower) and PSE (1,961% lower). Based on meat juice drainage, PSEi frequency was 23,810% lower and PSE 4,762 % lower.
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Physiotherapy in patients after cardiac interventions
VÝBORNÁ, Markéta
In my thesis I tried to focus on the issue of physiotherapy and curative rehabilitation by the patients after cardio-surgical interventions during their stay in a hospital facility. In the opening part I am presenting a brief overview of used cardio-surgery techniques and accesses with their short evaluation. I dealt in brief with the issue of wound healing and the scar formation, including a summary of the most important post-operation complications and accesses, which enable to avoid these complications. One of partial tasks solved in my thesis was the search of physiotherapeutic techniques after the heart operations. Here I focused especially on modern and recently used strategies. I adduce their short definition and explanation of possible benefits resulting from their use. In the second part of my work I am directly evaluating the progress of physiotherapy of two patients with the identical diagnosis who were operated on by two different techniques. Both the patients were taken to the planned performance ? the exchange of the aortic valve as a consequence of their stenosis and present insufficiency at the cardio-surgical department of the hospital in České Budějovice. In one case the classical medial sternotomy was performed, in the other case it was decided to perform a mini-invasive intervention ? the right-side mini-thoracotomy. With both the observed patients the same exercise was practiced just from the first day of the physiotherapy. During the whole period the values of vital functions were carefully checked and registered. The physical and mental state of patients was also followed including the painfulness of the wound. I collected the data for my thesis by means of interviews with the physiotherapist and the patients participated in the observation. I also elaborated a detailed casuistic and analysis of patients? personal data. I cooperated actively with the present staff. The exercises were done twice a day, in the morning and in the afternoon. The whole rehabilitation unit lasted approximately 15 minutes each time. The exercise was started in the bed where simple mobilization exercises were done, some elements of the breath and vascular gymnastics and elements of Vojta?s reflexive locomotion. Gradual verticalization of the patient enabled us to use even more complicated exercises. The exercise was finished with a walk in the corridor and on the stairs. Some respiration aids were used, described in the following part. From the rehabilitation process, which was in progress on both the patients immediately from the first rehabilitation day, results clearly that the patient with medial sternotomy (a woman) showed a considerably greater painfulness every day, which was very limiting for her. Even her mental condition was worse. This patient was not able to perform with a delay of several days those exercises, practiced by the patient with the mini-invasive entry already without any troubles. Considerable differences were also found in the walking, both in the distance and in posture while walking.
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Real Property Evaluation - comparison of market and administrative approach
Blažková, Kristina ; Heřman, Jan (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
The essential definitions and terminology used in real property evaluation including explanation of used methods in administrative and market approach are explained in theoretic part of thesis. The analytical part deals with administrative and market evaluation of a specific real property in the region Praha - východ. In conclusion the calculated values are compared and assessed. The author also points out the main differences between administrative and market system of real property evaluation.
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History of the Parish České Meziříčí
Svatoňová, Lada ; Petráček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee)
Resumé SVATOŃOVÁ, Lada. Historie farnosti České Meziříčí - vybrané kapitoly Praha : Katolická Teologická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, 2010. Diplomová práce. Tato práce obsahuje vybrané události z historie farnosti České Meziříčí od prvních písemných zmínek do současnosti. Pozornost je věnována husitským válkám, emigraci evangelíků, slezkým válkám, rekatolizaci, spory o zádušní pozemky, náboženská nesnášenlivost, první světové válce, dění v Československé republice, pozemkové reformě, komunistickému útlaku, výpovědi součastníků a dění po sametové revoluci. Na základě shromážděných faktů je možno říci, že celonárodní dění se odráželo i v této farnosti. Klíčová slova: Farnost České Meziříčí, duchovní správa, historie farnosti, regionální dění, osobnosti farářů, kostely, katolíci, evangelíci.
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The Muscle Imbalance among Team Handball Players
Pokorný, Jakub ; Táborský, František (advisor) ; Pánek, David (referee)
Název práce: Svalová dysbalance u hráčů házené Muscular lmbalance among Team Handball Playeres Cíle práce: Diagnostikovat svalovou dysbalanci u vybrané skupiny házenkářů a házenkářek, popsat její četnost, povahu a důsledky. Navrhnout a dlouhodobě aplikovat terapeutické ovlivnění svalové nerovnováhy a následně sledovat vliv na stav svalového systému, na četnost výskytu funkčních poruch pohybového aparátu, sportovních zranění a pohybovou výkonnost hráčů. Metoda: Sledovaný soubor tvořilo celkem 57 hráčů pražských SCM v házené (HC Dukla Praha a DHC Slavia Praha). Studie probíhala od ledna 2006 do února 2007. Během prvních dvou měsíců byla u všech hráčů vyšetřena funkce svalového systému, provedeno dotazníkové šetření a testována pohybová výkonnost. Následovalo desetiměsíční období, ve kterém byli všichni hráči sledováni a někteří z nich pravidelně prováděly kompenzační cvičení k obnovení svalové rovnováhy. V závěrečných dvou měsících bylo opět provedeno vyšetření všech sledovaných osob, které bylo identické s vyšetřením vstupním. Výsledky: Četnost výskytu svalové nerovnováhy u hráčů házené byla výrazná a to nezávisle na pohlaví. Existovaly však jisté intersexuální rozdíly v její charakteristice. U sledovaných hráčů byl výskyt akutních sportovních zranění a bolestivých stavů pohybového aparátu...
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The optimization of prints in company.
Veselý, Ondřej ; Kacerovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Lukač, Štefan (referee)
Cílem práce je rozebrat problematiku optimalizování tiskových úloh v podnicích. Konkrétně návrh jednotlivých kroků vedoucích k optimálnímu tiskovému řešení, optimalizace a správa tisku externí firmou, tzv. outsourcing. Práce se dělí na část teoretickou a praktickou. Teoretická část se dále skládá ze tří částí. První část rozbírá vhodnost použití tiskových zařízení na základě jejich vlastností a funkcí. Cílem je zobecnit a usnadnit rozhodnutí jaký typ zařízení kde použít. Druhá část práce se věnuje vlastním krokům procesu optimalizace, měkkým i tvrdým faktorům, které mají na tiskové řešení vliv. Kroky jsou analyzovány na základě informací čerpaných převážně z elektronických zdrojů od firem, které se optimalizací tiskového prostředí přímo zabývají. Poslední teoretickou částí je kapitola věnovaná outsourcingu tiskového řešení. V práci jsou popsány výhody i nevýhody této možnosti. Závěrem jsou pak jmenovány největší firmy které se outsourcingu tiskového řešení v České Republice věnují. Poslední částí je praktická analýza tiskového řešení v konkrétním podniku ? Sudop Praha a.s. Na základě konzultací a praktickým seznámením se se stávajícím řešením jsou navrhnuty kroky, které by řešení zlepšily. Informace jsou čerpány převážně z elektronických zdrojů, praktická část je pak výsledkem osobní návštěvy a konzultací se zaměstnanci podniku Sudop Praha a.s.
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