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XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum
Artemenko, Anna ; Biederman, Hynek (advisor) ; Čech, Vladimír (referee) ; Novák, Stanislav (referee)
Title: XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum Author: Anna Artemenko Institute: Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Hynek Biederman, DrSc., Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics. Abstract: Plasma polymers and metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites have been widely used for various biomedical proposes. Naturally, surface properties of the coatings such as high wettability, stability on the open air and in aqueous media, resistance towards different sterilization processes and cells adhesion are required for bioapplications. This thesis is mainly dedicated to the investigation of chemical composition of deposited coatings using XPS analysis. Nylon-like plasma polymer, PEO-like coatings, fluorocarbon plasma polymer (PTFE) films and Au/PEO-like, Ag/C:H, Al/C:H nanocomposites were chosen as the subject material. In addition, results of XPS measurements were used for the computer simulation for calculation of filling factor of metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites. These results were in a good agreement with experimental data. Keywords: plasma polymer, nanocomposite, XPS analysis, bioapplication, simulation.
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Ceramic nanofiber-reinforced composites
Bocian, Luboš ; Přikryl, Radek (referee) ; Poláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis investigated how the addition of unsilanized and silanized ceramic SiO2 nanofibers into particle reinforced composite affects flexural strength, fracture toughness, total fracture work and temperature dependence of viscoelastic properties. Fracture surfaces were analyzed with SEM. Flexural strength always decreased with addition of nanofibers. Composites with silanized nanofibers showed higher flexural strength than those with unsilanized nanofibers. Fracture toughness was higher with addition of nanofibers. Fracture toughness of composites with silanized nanofibers was always lower than that of systems with unsilanized nanofibers. Total fracture work was lower with addition of nanofibers, but sharply increased in composites with 5 % of nanofibers. Glass transition temperature almost always increased with addition of nanofibers. Storage modulus increased with addition of nanofibers. Storage modulus was always lower in composites with silanized nanofibers.
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Nanostructured surfaces for biomedical applications
Kratochvíl, Jiří ; Kylián, Ondřej (advisor) ; Baroch, Pavel (referee) ; Čech, Vladimír (referee)
Nanostructured thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation sources of nanoparticles are studied especially with regards to their use in biomedical applications. The possibility of using plasma polymers for the preparation of antibacterial coatings is tested first. It is presented that sputtered nylon 6,6 films may be impregnated by antibiotics. The subsequent release of antibiotics from such prepared reservoirs may be tuned by their thickness, chemical composition, or by an additional barrier layer. The second studied type of antibacterial coatings is based on metallic nanoparticles overcoated with sputtered PTFE. It is shown that by a proper choice of the number of nanoparticles and thickness of fluorocarbon overlayer, a significant antibacterial effect can be achieved while maintaining the biocompatibility of produced nanocomposite coatings. The possibility to enhance the antibacterial effect by impregnation of plasma polymer/nanoparticle nanocomposites by antibiotics is also verified. Nanoparticle sources are used to study two-component films with 2D gradient character, too. A simple analytical model is developed allowing description and design of such nanomaterials. Its suitability is experimentally verified on 2D gradients combining Ag and Cu nanoparticles. Finally, an original...
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Organic-inorganic polymers - synthesis and characterization of hybrid polymers and nanocomposites
Depa, Katarzyna ; Strachota, Adam (advisor) ; Matějka, Libor (referee) ; Sedláček, Jan (referee)
In the first part of this work, silica nanoparticles and alternative or additional filler phases were incorporated into hydrogels based on the temperature-sensitive poly(N- isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). Nano-SiO2-filled porous PNIPAm hydrogels with an enhanced force response (up to 100 g) to temperature stimuli were obtained by increasing several times the pore wall thickness, which was achieved via reducing the solvent (porogen) content during the gels' cryo-synthesis. A similar optimization of the force response was also carried out for analogous gels reinforced by nano-TiO2, in which the reinforcing effect of the filler is weaker. Partial intercalation of amylopectin starch into divinyl-crosslinked bulk as well as porous PNIPAm gels several times improved their extensibility. In case of starch-rich bulk gels, a very fast and extensive one-way deswelling in response to increased temperature was achieved (re-swelling upon cooling is much slower), which is attributed to specific properties of the starch-PNIPAm interface. In doubly-filled bulk PNIPAm/nano-SiO2/starch gels, a very strong synergic reinforcing effect of both fillers is observed, due to specific hydrogen bridging between the three phases. Highly porous cryogels based on PNIPAm/nano- SiO2/starch displayed a highly improved extensibility...
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Self-assembling hybrid nanomaterials
Rodzeń, Krzysztof ; Strachota, Adam (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee) ; Matějíček, Pavel (referee)
Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids containing butyl stannoxane dodecamer cages (Sn_POSS) as nano-building blocks were prepared and investigated. Sn_POSS was employed as a linear, crosslinking or non-bonding molecularly blended unit. For this purpose, it was synthesized with two acrylamido, primary- or secondary amino, or with two additional non- functional groups, which were attached via ionic-bonded sulfonate substituents. The nano- building block was then incorporated in matrices such as PS, PAOS, PETA, PEMA, PHEMA and PPO-based epoxies (the latter with different mesh sizes). Sn_POSS reinforces the studied matrixes by filler-filler interactions (self-assembly to nano-domains). Specific interactions of the ionic bonds of Sn_POSS with suitable pendant groups of the matrixes also can generate reinforcement and suppress filler aggregation. Moreover, the Sn_POSS can undergo several types of chemical reactions like heat-induced oligomerization, dissociation of the ionic substituents, acidolysis of the Sn-butyl bonds, as well as radical reactions of the latter. The influence of ionically bonded cages on the hybrids' morphology, as well as their ability of dissociation and short-distance migration in the polymer network at elevated temperature, was evaluated by TEM, IR and NMR analyses. The mechanical...
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XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum
Artemenko, Anna ; Biederman, Hynek (advisor) ; Čech, Vladimír (referee) ; Novák, Stanislav (referee)
Title: XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum Author: Anna Artemenko Institute: Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Hynek Biederman, DrSc., Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics. Abstract: Plasma polymers and metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites have been widely used for various biomedical proposes. Naturally, surface properties of the coatings such as high wettability, stability on the open air and in aqueous media, resistance towards different sterilization processes and cells adhesion are required for bioapplications. This thesis is mainly dedicated to the investigation of chemical composition of deposited coatings using XPS analysis. Nylon-like plasma polymer, PEO-like coatings, fluorocarbon plasma polymer (PTFE) films and Au/PEO-like, Ag/C:H, Al/C:H nanocomposites were chosen as the subject material. In addition, results of XPS measurements were used for the computer simulation for calculation of filling factor of metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites. These results were in a good agreement with experimental data. Keywords: plasma polymer, nanocomposite, XPS analysis, bioapplication, simulation.
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Stability of plasma polymers under various conditions
Matoušek, Jindřich ; Biederman, Hynek (advisor) ; Čech, Vladimír (referee) ; Novák, Rudolf (referee)
Title: Stability of plasma polymers under various conditions. Author: Jindřich Matoušek Department/Institute: Department of Macromolecular Physics/Charles University in Prague Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. RNDr. Hynek Biederman, DrSc., Department of Macromolecular Physics Abstract: The depositions of plasma polymer thin films were carried out using plasma polymerization depostition. The working gas mixture consisted of argon and monomer vapours. The source monomers used were n-hexane and terthiophene. The depositions of nanocomposite thin films Sn/pp n-hexane by means of magnetron sputtering in a working gas mixture of argon and n-hexane were done. The resulting thin films were characterized by XPS, FTIR, AFM, SEM, TEM, optical microscope and elipsometry. The influence of deposition parameters on the resulting thin film propertires was studied. The ageing of the thin films in humidity and distilled water was studied. The current-voltage characteristics of selected thin films were measured. Keywords: plasma polymer, nanocomposite, ageing.
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Nanoclusters coatings for biomedical applications
Divín, Radek ; Kylián, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hanuš, Jan (referee)
Title: Nanoclusters coatings for biomedical applications Author: Radek Divín Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics (110. 32-KMF) Supervisor: RNDr. Ondřej Kylián, Ph.D. Abstract: The copper nanocluster films were prepared with the aid of the gas cluster aggregation source based on the principle of material sputtering from the magnetron target to the relatively high pressure of the working gas (Ar). The nanocluster films prepared in this way were subsequently overlapped with the layer of plasma polymer deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from the nylon polymer target in the atmosphere of the working gas (Ar, 2 Pa). A repetition of this procedure enabled to prepare nanocomposite layers having a multilayer character. These layers were subsequently investigated with regard to their morphology, chemical composition, surface wettability and optical properties. The chemical composition of the surface layer formed by nanocomposite films was determined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It turned out that the chemical surface composition of prepared nanocomposites was not markedly influenced by the presence of the Cu nanoclusters. The morphology of prepared films was studied by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the resulting...
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Ultrathin films deposited by means of magnetron sputtering and their characterization
Petr, Martin ; Kylián, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straňák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Tichý, Milan (referee)
Presented work is focused on the deposition and characterization of thin and ultrathin plasma polymer films, then also on the preparation of nanocomposites metal/plasma polymer. The characterization of plasma polymer films was partly done in-situ without exposing the samples to the atmosphere. The thickness of prepared films was measured by spectral ellipsometry, the chemical composition was measured by XPS. The morphology and optical properties of deposited films were measured ex-situ. It is shown that during the initial stages of growth the properties of plasma polymer films depend on their thickness and also on the material of the substrate. Many interesting applications were explored for prepared nanocomposites metal/plasma polymer. They can be used as superhydrophobic coatings, gradient coatings, substrates for Raman spectroscopy or as antibacterial coatings. Moreover, special optical properties of prepared nanocomposites were studied in detail. Presented work has an experimental character.
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Thermal aging of nanocomposites
Janíček, Martin ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (referee) ; Polsterová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with issues of properties of nanocomposites and it´s heat aging. In the first part there are theoretically analysed some of the basic therms connected with nanocomposites. Also there are outlined basic methods of production of these matherials. The most important is specification of individual properties when bigger attention is gived to electrical properties. Practic part deals with heat aging of samples of nanocomposites filled with nanoparticles Al2O3. There was monitored impact of time of aging on values of internal resistance, dissipation factor and relative permitivity.
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