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Effect of cryopreservation on mouse sperm.
Veselá, Kateřina ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Hortová, Kateřina (advisor)
Cryopreservation or freezing of sperm in the reproductive biology is still actual topic. Today is the only method used for sperm storage, whether for the purposes of assisted reproduction, or for scientific purposes. However, this method has a negative impact on such stored cells and is therefore still a subject of many studies. Among the main causes of sperm damage in rodents there are inappropriately selected cryoprotective agents, poor or no elimination of oxidative stress generated during cryopreservation, as well as a poorly chosen speed and temperature of freezing. Correctly chosen procedures and the composition of the media in which sperm are stored, can significantly affect the quality of sperm. This bachelor theses focuses on the influence of cryopreservation on mouse spermatozoa. The main impact of this method includes the effect of freezing on sperm DNA, plasma membrane, acrosome, and sperm motility.
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Pre-hospital emergency care of patients with carbon monoxide intoxication
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of the pre-hospital emergency urgent care for patients poisoned by the carbon monoxide. This issue has been known already for a number of years, but only in the last time it started to be presented more frequently in media. The carbon monoxide is a colourless gas which is not recognizable by senses. It comes into being as a secondary product of the not perfect combustion of the carbonaceous substances. The seriousness of these symptoms depends on the intensity of intoxication. The target of this thesis was to map the issue of treating the client with the suspect of poisoning by carbon monoxide from the viewpoint of the Medical Rescue Service and other components of the Integrated Rescue System. Moreover I verified the knowledge of lay public in connection with the intoxication by carbon monoxide. The research took place in the form of half-managed talks with the medical rescuer and physicians of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The same research procedure was carried out in the Firemen Corps of the South Bohemian Region. The respondents were asked eight questions finding out how many cases of the carbon monoxide intoxication they encountered in their practice, what the most frequent reasons caused the intoxication and what care was provided to the intoxicated persons. Among the lay public, the knowledge was established by the survey method. Also this research complex consisted of nine respondents, having been addressed accidentally in the schools, during travelling in town, in business centres and during sport events. Most frequently were among the enquired persons: students, also a nurse or deputy director of a company. The respondents answered seven pre-printed questions. The sense of these questions was to find out if at least a small part of the lay public has some idea of the intoxication of the carbon monoxide. If they ever encountered the intoxication by the carbon monoxide, how they would behave in this situation and in what way they would provide the first aid. In both parts of the research, the results are presented in the charts, to have a better survey. In has turned out in the talks concerning the occurrence of the intoxication by the carbon monoxide that the length of practice is not very important, because also the persons working in the branch for a longer time have no such high number of interventions concerning intoxication by the carbon monoxide as some of their colleagues working in practice only several years. Moreover it was established that the most cases of intoxication appeared in connection with geyser and subsequently during fires. The health state of affected persons ranged from the light intoxication up to very heavy intoxication with the subsequent death. Depending on these states, the experts provided the adequate pre-hospital care completed subsequently in the hospital facility. It turned out that although the most respondents were not able to say if the number of intoxications by the carbon monoxide has been increasing or decreasing, their answers are identical in the most cases and indicate that their number has been rather decreasing Concerning the lay public, only a small part of respondents was interviewed and the result of research cannot be quantified. This part of the research has shown that although nobody of the enquired persons encountered the intoxication by the carbon dioxide, the respondents know in the most cases how they should behave in case of the intoxication and in what way the first aid should be provided. The most frequent source of their information of carbon monoxide intoxication and the first aid was the knowledge acquired during studies. Further details concerning the research are specified in more detail in the discussion. The general awareness of people concerning the intoxication is on a good level thanks to education and media.
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Penetration tests and network device vulnerability scanning
Gregr, Filip ; Martinásek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Hajný, Jan (advisor)
This thesis is dealing with penetration tests and network device vulnerability assessment. Theoretical part includes analysis of this issue and description of general methodology of performing penetration tests. Thesis provides basic overview of requirements of international norms ISO 27000 and PCI DSS. In another part the software for Nessus vulnerability scanning and Linux Kali distrubution is introduced. Practical part of thesis includes several aims. The first is a comparsion of five vulnerability scanners in a created test network. Chosen tools for this purpose are Nessus, OpenVAS, Retina Community, Nexpose Community and GFI LanGuard. Network scan is performed with each of~these tools. Penetration test using the tools available in Kali Linux is then executed in this network. Procedure of exploiting two selected vulnerabilities is created as a laboratory exercise. The last aim of thesis is testing the web server protection against flood attacks SYN flood, UDP flood and slow attack Slowloris. Scripts for flooding were written in Python language.
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Synthesis of novel cardioprotective iron chelators
Hrušková, Kateřina ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor)
Oxidative stress participates in patophysiology of many serious cardiovascular diseases. Free intracellular iron occurs as a catalyst of Haber-Weiss and Fenton reaction between superoxides and peroxides increasing the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, which cause cell damage. Iron chelators diminish the pool of free iron and thus become perspective agents in therapy of various diseases, e.g. anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Aroylhydrazones group, such as salicylaldehyde-isonicotinoylhydrazone (SIH), appear to be highly efficient chelators. Unfortunately, pharmacokinetic studies focused on these compounds revealed their low stability in plasma. Therefore, I synthesised a series of SIH analogs in order to increase their stability together with preserving the ability to chelate free intracellular iron and to define their structure-activity relationships. A basic hypothesis in design of the novel chelators was using substituted ketone instead of aldehyde, leading potentially to an enhanced stability of hydrazone bond. SIH Two different methods were used during the reactions, a conventional heating in an oil bath and heating in a microwave reactor. The latter caused a significant shortening of the reaction time. In vitro studies of novel compounds showed their higher stability in plasma,...
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Determination of vitamine C and dehydroascorbic acid using UHPLC-MS method
Proroková, Zuzana ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor)
A coupling of Ultra High Performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry provides a technique, which is rapid and sensitive. This thesis is focused on the use of UHPLC-MS for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). AA is a small polar molecule that acts as an antioxidant. After oxidation AA creates DHA. AA/DHA ratio is an indicator of a redox state of organism. For the determination of AA and DHA several methods have been developed, which usually do not allow the simultaneous analysis, but require multistep subtraction procedure. The optimization of UHPLC-MS method for the determination of AA and DHA include the choice of mobile and stationary phase and mass spectrometry detector set- up. The choice of appropriate conditions depended mainly on retention time and the detector response. The effect of stationary phase, concentration, pH, composition of mobile phase on retention of AA and DHA was observed. Effect of mobile phase on stability of AA and DHA was observed as well. BEH Shield RP C18, BEH HILIC and BEH Amide column were compared. The best results were achieved on column BEH Shield RP C18. Measurements with 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01% formic acid, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01% acetic acid, ammonium formate at pH 3.5 and amonium acetate at pH 4.4 and 6.8 as a water...
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Labeling of pancreatic islets with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging
Berková, Zuzana ; Saudek, František (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
Type I diabetes mellitus is primarily an autoimmune disease resulting from selective destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells. Transplantation of purified pancreatic islets is an alternative method for standard insulin therapy of these patients. Though the islet transplantation represents a promising approach for a selected group of patients, there is still a number of problems to be solved and one of them, perhaps the most important, is the lack of a reliable method of transplanted islets monitoring. (...) The results of this experimental study lead to the improvement of the labeling protocol in experimental transplantation and to its translation into clinical research. While different methods such as PET and SPECT will be soon available for shorttime in vivo followup of transplanted pancreatic islet, magnetic resonance imaging represents so far the only available technique able to provide a direct, longterm and reliable visualization of the transplanted islets with sufficient spatial resolution. At present, is this method ready for clinical application.
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Carbon nanoparticles from lignite
Kohoutková, Eliška ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
These bachelor thesis focuses on lignite as a potential raw material for the carbon quantum dots extraction. There was proposed mechanochemical process of isolation these nanoparticles from lignite based on literature search. Lignite was mechanically stressed and subsequently oxidized to hydrogen peroxide. The results show that proposed method will have to be modified but lignite could be used as a feedstock for the carbon quantum dots extraction.
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