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Study of size-resolved atmospheric aerosol using cascade impactors
Kozáková, Jana ; Schwarz, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee) ; Krejci, Radovan (referee)
This dissertation includes two main research projects: 1) the investigation of the intermodal fraction and 2) the influence of regional air pollution transport on Ostrava. Introduction and aim of the first project. Fine and coarse particulate matter (PM) of atmospheric aerosol are considered as separate pollutants and overlap in the particle size range of about 1 - 2.5 μm (aerodynamic diameter dae; PM1-2.5) which represents the intermodal fraction. Sources of both fine and coarse fractions contribute to PM1-2.5 to different extents due to changing meteorological and spatial conditions. Therefore, there is an ongoing discussion as to whether PM1 should be included for monitoring as an additional fine particulate pollutant by the ambient air quality standard. The intrusion of the one fraction to the other one can lead to some inaccuracies in the source apportionment, epidemiological and exposure studies. The aim of the first project was to examine the associations between PM1-2.5 and the coarse (PM2.5-10 or PM>2.5)/fine (PM1) fraction under different meteorological conditions at various sites in the Czech Republic during winter and summer seasons. Introduction and aim of the second project. The EU air quality standards have been frequently exceeded in one of the European air pollution hot spots:...
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The Rehabilitation of the historical center and adjacent surroundings of Kyjov with a focus on the public space
Podivínská, Adéla ; Erben, Adam (referee) ; Pavlovský, Tomáš (advisor)
Kyjov is causing me to have four passwords – it's a small town, tradition, affection and understanding. Small town as in salvation in the modesty, the picturesqueness of knowledge. The tradition, which are for city important and based on them. They are, for example, folk songs, costume, feast, dialects and all that yet remained of the past. Affection is the quality of the architecture, which, although already expired, but still her remains remain. And the last password understanding, and especially in chanting traditions, the preservation of its values, grasping and grappling or finding your uniqueness. At work I dedicate spaces around Kyjovka from Boršov the south end of the city. I try to just flow so neprotékal, but to engage in the urban environment of Kyjov. I have several places that I've re-energise, give them value and use the reserves for the thickening building. These spaces have a new application and are a place to stop, lift up the city and open to visitors and current residents. Kyjovka communicates not only with parks, but even with the new buildings and its features, you will be able to get closer to the stream and found in it a place to rest, but also to entertain or to walk.
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Urbanistic analysis of the city with a focus on public spaces - urban interventions
Kotrla, Jakub ; Rozmanová, Naděžda (referee) ; Májek, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of public spaces in general and on the particular public spaces in the town of Vsetín. The thesis is based on knowledge of public spaces and their connection to the environment in which they can be found. The finding of this thesis is that the quality of the environment is influencing the quality of public spaces. These knowledges are analysed in other connections to the urban sprawl and it´s functional values afterwards. The solving of this problem is establishing the garden city as an effective concept and mean of an improvement of the environment and also public spaces and further deals with the need of development plans for maintaining sustainable values in the future. Finally the thesis discusses the public spaces in the town of Vsetín, specifically shows Svoboda square, the project of market gallery and the area before the train station. A huge attention is focused on the concept of the cableway as a possible future part of municipal public transport. The cableway is examined in the multicriterial analysis where possible options of the project are compared and the result with the biggest amount of agreement with our criteria is stated.
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Interakce mezi organismy obývajícími jírovec maďal (Aesculus hippocastanum)
KOPAČKA, Michal
Ph.D. thesis is focused on the study of ecology and interactions among fungal disease horse chestnut leaf blotch, Guignardia aesculi, invasive pest horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, and predatory mites of family Phytoseiidae. Ph.D. thesis consists of two main parts: 1) a detailed background research, and 2) six separate original published papers or manuscripts describing results of my own studies. The first study investigated spatial distribution of the first generation of C. ohridella in the urban environment in relation to the pest, the mortality of overwintering pupae at the end of vegetation season and the number of hatched C. ohridella and its parasitoids at the beginning of the following vegetation season. The second paper describes the interaction between C. ohridella and G. aesculi during vegetation season. The third and fourth papers deal with the effect of specific microctimatic conditions in site on the damage inflicted to horse chestnut leaves by G. aesculi. In addition, spatial distribution of G. aesculi in urban environment was studied. The fifth paper compared the species composition and the population density of Phytoseiidae between the Czech Republic and Greece. The sixth study described the species composition, abundance, population dynamics and sex ratio of phytoseiid mites inhabiting horse chestnut. The study also investigated, whether the abundance of predatory mites on horse chestnut leaves can be influenced by leaf damage caused by the horse chestnut leaf miner or G. aesculi during vegetation season.
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Atmospheric aerosol: physical-chemical characterisation and source apportionment
Leoni, Cecilia ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Ždímal, Vladimír (referee) ; Lammel, Gerhard (referee)
Atmospheric aerosol is a ubiquitous component of the Earth atmosphere. By mass, aerosol natural sources override anthropogenic ones, the latter constituting less than 5% to the total aerosol loading (Jaenicke, 2008). Nevertheless, in urban environment the contribution can increase to 80-90%. Since anthropogenic sources are mostly associated with high temperature processes, urban aerosol number size distribution is usually dominated by ultrafine particles - UFPs (d<100 nm). The UFPs have the highest surface/mass ratios among aerosol particles and bond the highest pollutant loading as per particle mass. Additionally, the UFPs exhibit the highest deposition efficiency in deep region of the human respiratory tract. Therefore, this study focuses to urban aerosol particle spatial-temporal, physical and chemical characterization and source apportionment with special emphasis to the UFPs. The first study in residential district of Ostrava-Radvanice and Bartovice, an air pollution hot spot in Europe, identified industry being dominant sources of UFPs. High particle number concentrations (NC) were measured at the hot spot, with peaks up to 1.4x105 particles cm-3 during plume events, i.e. downwind an industrial facility. The plume-originating UFPs were mostly composed of 19−44 nm nanoparticles heavily...
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Inventarizace a hodnocení ovocných stromů v katastru města Kroměříž
Posolda, Viktor
This thesis deals with the inventory and subsequent evaluation of commonly grown fruit trees, according to the methodology AOPK, which proved itself in practice. Further, the evaluation used a classic 9-point scale Fruit. It was selected 30 model trees. Selected trees were designed arboristické and fruit growing interventions. After a field survey methodology was created to evaluate habitat conditions and its subsequent application to selected trees. The results of this methodology were compared with the state of health of trees. Further, according to the results of the inventory identified species suitable and less suitable for urban environments.
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Characterization of coarse atmospheric aerol in urban environment
Granici, Olga ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
(EN) This Diploma Thesis is concerned with statistical analysis of coarse aerosol at the area of the capital city Prague with focus on its time and space variability. The data covers time period from year 2005 up to year 2010 included. The concentrations of coarse aerosol were originally calculated from recorded values of PM10 a PM2,5. The assessment used in this thesis is based on concentrations of coarse aerosol recorded on four pollutant stations which are localized in the capital city. Three out of four those air pollution monitoring stations are characterized as traffic stations kind of purse, where we can assume the traffic's impact over the coarse aerosol concentration. The last station is distinguished to be background to report the data of region less loaded by pollution. The analysis is executed within particular parameters supposing that main source of coarse aerosol is traffic in urban environment. For time period examination variability the year, season, week and day running was carried out. The spatial variability was researched by the air pollution monitoring stations localization. To determine a rate of dependency among particular parameters the correlation analysis according to Spearman was used within the calculation of correlation coefficients. Beside the analysis this thesis...
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Conflict in the perception of architectural heritage qualities and consequences for urban regeneration: The case of Ostrov
Jílková, Martina ; Temelová, Jana (advisor) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee)
Over the last few decades Czech cities have experienced significant improvements of physical environment, and urban regeneration is one of the processes contributing to these changes. The final appearance of renewed environment is the result of negotiations and conflicts among key actors involved in the regeneration process. The decision- making process of urban regeneration is influenced by many factors including the perception of the qualities of the buildings and of the place. The regeneration process can also change the place and its meanings. The aim of this diploma thesis is to characterize the role of perception in decision-making process of urban regeneration in the case of two parts of the city of Ostrov built in different architectural styles. First, the theoretical knowledge related to perception of the architectural heritage and its regeneration is discussed, with emphasis on the concept of place as a pervading approach. As the main research findings, the differences in the perception of given buildings were identified among the city residents and among the actors as well. It was also proven that the perception of given buildings affects the approach of the actors to regeneration to some extent, although in many cases the other factors predominate.
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Social and spatial isolation of seniors
Petrišče, Ondřej ; Dvořáková, Nina (advisor) ; Spilková, Jana (referee)
The abstract This work deal with evaluation the social and spatial isolation in selected location. For resaerch were selected two different types of enviroment. City part of Pilsen - Doubravka and rural village - Pasečnice. This work researches the positives and negatives in their environment. The survey was conducted through a semi-structured dialogue which subjectively assesses the level of social and residential satisfaction in the the Down. Plzeň 4 - Doubravka and Pasečnice. The research is focused on social relationship, housing, primary shops, public services, traffic accessbility, leisure, and safety . Key words: social isolation, residential satisfaction, seniors, city and country, public services
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Urban revitalization of Prague's Smíchov
Rathová, Adéla ; Temelová, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Zuzana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the theme of revitalisation of the urban environment. The paper describes the urban renewal process and focuses on the related terms of brownfields and greenfields. The first aim of this work is to analyze the condition of two specific decaying complexes in Prague's Smíchov area: the bus station Praha Smíchov, and the Zlíchov distillery. The station of Smíchov encompasses a huge plot of land, but it isn't fully used. Smíchov's station controls extensive land which is not only partly used. In contrast, the Zlichov distillery ceased production fourteen years ago and has still not been put to use. These problem areas are located in the inner city, and therefore offer great potential for the development of the city. The second objective is to describe the perception of two disturbed areas by residents whose place of residence is located nearby. Satisfaction of the local residents is determined in connection with the perception of urban areas Key words: regeneration, brownfields, urban environment, perception, inner city, Praha, Smíchov
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