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The effect of soil structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the soil
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Soil is very important in the hydrological cycle of landscape. The retention and storage ability depends on the quality, type of structure and other properties of the soil. The retention ability of soil is determined by gravitational pores (the coarsest pores), which are drained off after filling the water. The accumulation depends on the capillary pores in which water is bounded by capillary forces. The soil works also as a filter´s environment which cleans naturally the water. This process can be also converse, when various substances are released from soil to water. The state and amount of water between the surface of soil and level of groundwater affect many important processes such as fertility of soil, drain from drainage area, supply of groundwater sources and others. Structure of soil changes fundamentally by cultivation of soil and types of farming crops. Aggregates are mechanical destructed by weather conditions and soil gradually loses its good qualities, fertility is reducing and flood protection is decreasing. This fact can be avoided by right choice of crops and the type of tillage soil.
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The soil protection in Czech republic and European Union
Gavlasová, Iva ; Marton, Daniel (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Bachelor's work affects and documents the basic degradation processes in the soil, agricultural and forest, which belongs to the natural wealth of our country. Further points to the legislative provisions relating to the protection of the soil in the Czech Republic and the EU and their effectiveness. Gradually are analyzed the various degradation processes, erosion, soil compaction, a land grab, desertification, salinisation and sodifikace soils, soil contamination.
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Ohrožení zemědělských půd vodní erozí v katastrálním území Stanislavice
Glac, Mateusz
Erosion is a global problem that has been occurring for a long time. In the Czech Republic the main type of erosion is the water erosion, 50 % of the land is affected by it. Erosion can be described as a natural process, which results from the effect of various factors eroding the soil surface, transport of soil particles and the subsequent establishment. This process causes the degradation of land that is described as soil degradation. The erosion can appear in different places. For example, in the agricultural soils that are not cultivated the erosion it is not paid attention because it has a soft effect and often not harmful, however, in the agricultural soils that are cultivated, where the erosion can be really dangerous, it is necessary to pay attention to it. In this bachelor thesis a study related to the water erosion in the cadastral of Stanislavice is carried out. In the first part of my thesis the erosion is described, a bibliographic review is presented, providing the general concept of erosion, its division, the causes of it, and its possible consequences. In the second part a description of the current status and conditions of the water erosion in the cadastral of Stanislavice is listed. The following part of my thesis is related to the analysis of the different factors after having used the Wischmeier-Smith equation. These factors have been calculated for the long-term loss of soil caused by water erosion. At the end, the resulting values from the Wischmeier-Smith equation have been used to determine the degree of soil erosion for individual plots.
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Degradace půdy a potravinová bezpečnost v oblasti Sahel
Bartoňová, Eva
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the condition of land degradation and food security in the Sahel region. The thesis is divided into three sections: the theoretical and practical section and the proposal. The first part is dedicated to description of the soil types, the main factors of degradation, which affect the quality of soil, and the means of measuring food security. The second section follows the data from theoretical section and presents the analysis of the soil quality, the proportion of agricultural land from total area of the country, the agricultural production and food security with focus on health condition of the population. The situation is analyzed in the selected countries of the Sahel, specifically Mali and Niger. The proposal describes the changes of state policies in the area of agricultural production, the procedures against land degradation and low level of food security in accordance with sustainable development.
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