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Susceptibility of Individual Fish Species to Koi Herpes Viral Disease - a research study
KOSTLÁN, Jakub
Koi herpes viral disease (hereinafter referred to as "KHVD") is a dangerous viral disease, outbreak of which was recorded in Israel in 1998 for the first time. Due to exhibitions and international fish trade it spread almost to the whole world in the course of the next 17 years and it caused a loss of many tonnes of both breed and consumption carp as well as it inflicted significant economic losses calculated in the tens millions of dollars. The European Union has added the koi herpes viral disease, due to its hazards, to the list of non-exotic diseases. Since 2008 there is a duty to report this infection in the Czech Republic as well. Koi herpes virus classified in the system of viruses as Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is considered the infective agent. Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) are considered the main species susceptible to KHVD. However, it has been proved that the virus may be also detected in tissues of other fish species and in some of them clinical symptoms may appear. It is of high degree of probability that such fish species may play the role of viral communicants and this presumption has already been proved in some species in experimental conditions. With a view to the fact that koi herpes viral disease is incurable and application of a vaccine is impossible in the Czech Republic, for protection of fish breeding it is crucial to prevent bringing the disease in the territory. Mass fish perish caused by KHVD shall be prevented by strict inspection processes of the imported and exported fish, monitoring of the disease spread and responsible breeders' approach. The major objective of this work was to summarise available information about koi herpes viral disease and susceptibility of the individual fish species to this dangerous viral infectious disease in a form of a research study.
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Growth of tagged common carp (Cyprius carpio) in selected water reservoirs, Morava River drainage area
Prokeš, Miroslav ; Baruš, Vlastimil ; Habán, V. ; Mareš, J. ; Peňáz, Milan ; Halačka, Karel ; Krejčí, R. ; Vetešník, Lukáš
The project monitoring the growth of tagged two-season-old common carp (K2) being stocked into the selected reservoirs managed by the Moravian Angler Association was initiated in 2001 in the reservoir of Nové Mlýny. Few other reservoirs, namely the Dalešická, Brněnská, Vranovská and Letovická, were then also studied in course of the following period up today. The altitude of investigated reservoirs ranges 171-382 m a.s.l., the flooded area of water bodies 104-1600 hectares. The stocking series in every of reservoirs were performed in the course of subsequent five years and two thousands of tagged carps (K2) were always yearly stocked in every of reservoirs. In total, 50 335 (17.61 inds per hectare) tagged carps have been stocked and 1361 individuals (0.48 inds per hectare) were recaptured and reported by the anglers. The mean recapture rate of tagged fish reached thus 2.70 % (1.02 - 4.74 %). A significant negative relationship was also ascertained of altitude (in m a.s.l.) and growth indices. The maximum growth rate was found in the Novomlýnská reservoir (mean annual weight increment 1725 g). Gradually lower weight increments were found out in the Vranovská reservoir (1064 - 1200 g), Dalešická R. (1050 g), Brněnská R. (1070 g) and Letovická R. (630 g). A similar sequence existed also in growth of other parameters studied, i.e. total length (TL), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight condition expressed by means of the Fulton condition factor (FCF). On the basis of these results, some new, more convenient, rules were suggested for stocking of common carp.
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The use of artificial and semi-artificial spawning in the present breeding of common carp
MARKOVÁ, Aneta
This thesis is focused on the use of artificial and semi-artificial spawning substrates in the current breeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) a literature review of this species was processed in relation to reproduction, as well as of the spawning methods (natural, semi-artificial, artificial). Results are drawn from the experimental part (2 spawns: a semi-artificial spawn in the institution for experiments at the Fishery School in Vodňany and an artificial spawn in the fish hatchery at the Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology in Vodňany). In both spawns, hormonal stimulation of brood stock was carried out. In the artificial spawning the amount of obtained sex products of individual breeds was assessed. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted at 11 fish-breeding companies engaged in their own production of yolk sac fry. The responses obtained from the survey and findings from the experimental part of spawnings were compared with bibliographic sources which the following conclusions were reached from. It was confirmed that at present a massive carp fingerling production from artificial spawn ensuring optimized conditions dominates over the Dubravius method of semi-artificial spawning which is used only rarely. The production of mirror carp is currently higher than the production of scaly carp. Among the bred mirror breeds the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) prevails, nonetheless it depends on the individual fishery company which form of carp they choose to satisfy the market demand.
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Productive efficiency of modified feed in culture of market carp in the storage ponds experiment at Třeboň fisheries.
MELKA, Václav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to verify the productive efficiency of thermally and mechanically modified wheat in comparison to the non-modified wheat in experimental fish ponds. The experiment was conducted in storage ponds of Třeboň Fisheries Ltd. and took place along 120 days in 8 rectangular ponds. Four treatments were used: thermally wheat, thermally and pressed wheat, non-modified wheat, and control without feeding. Each treatment was run in duplicate. Fish were fed three times a week early in the morning and in the same part of the storage pond. Every month, fish were harvested and some parametres were recorded (weight, length and fat content). Then, fish were restocked. The results of the productive indicators at the end of the experiment have proved a positive influence of thermal and mechanical modifications on the productive efficiency. The highest productive efficiency was achieved by the carps which have been fed by thermally and pressed wheat: Food convertion ration (FCR) was 2.17 - 0.17; Food Convertion efficiency (FCE) was 0.47 - 0.04; and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was 0.63 - 0.06 %.d-1. Fish fed with thermally treated wheat reached values for FCR of 2.32 - 0.16; FCE of 0.44 - 0.04; and SGR of 0.60 - 0.06 %.d-1. Finally, the lowest productive efficiency was found at the wheat without any modifications (FCR: 2.38 - 0.10; FCE: 0.43 - 0.02; SGR: 0.58 - 0.07%.d-1). Therefore, thermal and mechanical modifications of wheat are positive modifications to improve production efficiency in market carp farming.
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Verifying the suitability of two different lines Amur mirror carp to produce commercial hybrids of common carp breed with M2 on maternity position - wide-area test
VOJTĚŠEK, Zbyněk
The main aim of this work was to compare the survival and growth of common carp hybrids using two lines of Amur mirror carp. The test was created using the top cross breed with M2 on the maternity position. On the maternal line were crossbreeded males M2 (for the production of pure breed to verify the heterosis effect), the Nordic mirror carp M72, and two lines of Amur mirror carp (Alp - bred in Pohořelice and Alv - bred in Vodňany). As a control, the breed of hybrid Ropšín scaly carp and carp Tataj were used. The test was conducted at five locations from planting of the yolk sack (K0) until rearing up to the market size K3. During rearing regular catches were carried out, in order to control the growth and survival. After the subsequent determination of the corrected weight and survival for better quality of evaluation were determined. Consequently, some differences were found between the breeds and heterogeneous effect was fixed. After evaluating the test, where the lines crossed on the parent breed M2 achieved better results than pure-bred lines, I would not recommend this line for commercial breeding. In contrast, both lines of Amur mirror carp could be very well used for commercial farming, mainly due to higher resistance of hybrids to KHV.
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Comparison of biometrical and slaughtering indicators of crossbreeds of common carp with using two different breeds of Amur mirror carp
PRCHAL, Martin
The objective of this thesis was to compare biometrical and slaughtering indicators of common carp crossbreeds using two different breeds of Amur mirror carp in performance testing. We applied top-crossing for the test establishment, using the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) on the maternal position. Males of Hungarian mirror carp (for the production of purebreed), Northern mirror carp (M72) and two breeds of Amur mirror carp (ALP ? bred in Pohořelice, ALV ? bred in Vodňany) were crossed on this breed and hybrids of scaly phenotype between Ropsha (ROP) and Tata carp (TAT) were used as a control group. The performance testing started in ponds (in the total of five localities) in the semi ? intensive way of management by releasing yolk sac fry (K0) and its subsequent rearing to the market size (K3). The performance test was completed in ponds after the third year of testing and the tested groups of fish were evaluated for biometrical and slaughtering indicators. In the overall evaluation of the edible parts of the body (processed body and fillets) by the ANCOVA method was not found a statistical difference among the mirror tested groups of fish. The only exception was the proportion of fillets without skin, which was significantly higher in the hybrid M2 x ALP than in breed M2, therefore I would not recommend this breed (M2) to commercial breeding. When comparing my results with other publications, the hybrid M2 x M72 could be used for commercial breeding together with the two hybrids of Amur mirror carp, who not only achieve high yield of edible parts of the body, but also the earlier tests confirmed higher growth, better survival and resistance to the KHV virus.
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Impact of long-term storage on fish welfare
PECHER, Petr
The literature review is completely described by the issue of fish welfare and whether fish feel pain. Then there are describes the basic procedures for measuring fish welfare. Among which belongs for example a cortisol and glucose in fish blood capillary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different stress factors during storage on fish welfare and to changes in production, exterior and length and weight indicators. For the experiment was selected carp (Cyprinus carpio) divided into two groups by weight 2.5 kg to 2.5 kg and above. The results are the values of visceral fat, capillary blood lactate and changes in production, exterior and length-weight indicators during the application and the end of the experiment.
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Influence of antiparasitic baths of fish on haematological and biochemical indicators
MECKO, Jozef
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of antiparasitic baths on selected biochemical and haematological parameters in the blood samples of fish. According to the results the application schema will be specified or amended such alterations will be substantiated. A test was performed on the fry of carp (naked and scaly form) to evaluate the influence of the peractetic acid with the help of biochemical and haematological parameters and with the histopathological examination. The common carp was exposed to the concetration 1 mg?l-1 and 2 mg?l-1 of PAA. Three days after application was taken the blood samples from fish and the biochemical and haematological parameters were determined. Than was taken a sample of skin with the musculature from fish to be sent for the histopathological examination in University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno. Based on the results the naked form of the carp has been declared to be more sensitive to the application of PAA. All the observed changes in haematological and biochemical parameters were within physiological range, so it can be stated, that the application schema of PAA has not a signifiant negative influence on the health of the tested fish.
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Practical verification of rearing of common carp with high levels of omega 3 fatty acids
ZROSTLÍK, Jakub
The aim of my thesis was to verify the technology of rearing common carp (Cyprinius carpio) with increased levels of omega 3 fatty acids. The technology was tested in 2010 and 2011. A mixture of KP Len and cereal was used for the experiment in 2010. In 2011, the fish were divided into three groups The first group was fed a mixture of KP Len, the second a type of cereal, and the third was kept on natural feed. The technology was carried out under the conditions of the Czech fishery industry. During the entire growing period the course of growth was monitored as part of the framework of regular checks and the parameters of the quality of water was measured. The main descriptive characteristics was the fat content and composition of fatty acids. The combination of KP Len achieved a significantly higher content of PUFA than the group of fish receiving cereals in 2010 and in 2011. When comparing groups of fish fed a mixture of KP Len and those fed natural feed in 2011, no statistically significant differences in PUFA were detected. In 2010 the fish fed a mixture of KP Len reached the highest content of EPA and DHA. On the contrary, in 2011 the significantly highest content was detected in the muscle of fish kept on natural feed.
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The influence of carp nutrition (Cyprinus carpio) on changes of meat quality
JANOUŠEK, Petr
The aim of this study was based on laboratory analysis of each parameter, an assessment of livestock interventions, current methods and techniques used in fishing enterprises. Experiments carried out on the market carp in ponds in the system Naděj and the hatcheries under the pond Svět where it was used mechanically and cooked cereals. After processing the fish fillets was done by measuring muscle textural profile. The highest average value of the hardness of the fish ponds was measured in control samples (25,008 ? 3,507 kg). Followed by samples of fish that were unprepared food whatsoever triticale (19,530 ? 2,842 kg). Fish feeding whole triticale heat-treated at 100 ° C (9,990 ? 1,506 kg) and heat-treated triticale mashed at 100 ° C (10,031 ? 1,696 kg) showed similar values of stiffness. The highest average value of the hardness of fish hatcheries was measured in samples of fish that were food whatsoever (20,420 ? 1,456 kg). In addition, followed in descending order of fish samples, which posed a triticale cooked at 100 ° C (11,198 ? 3,334 kg) of wheat at 100 ° C (10,286 ? 1,234 kg), barley at 100 ° C (8,564 ? 1,532 kg), and rye at 100 ° C (7,519 ? 1,993 kg).
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