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Nursing Care for Patient with Tuberculosis
Kučerová, Jana ; Prchalová, Eva (advisor) ; Koblížek, Vladimír (referee) ; Tomšová, Hana (referee)
Nursing Care for Patient with Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a disease accompanying human beings since immemorial time. Its originally epidemic occurrence has changed into endemic one. Presented bachelor thesis is devoted to the issue of nursing care for patients with tuberculosis. Its objective is to outline the course of the illness as well as measures necessarily taken to avoid its further diffusion, and to describe principal nursing care for patients. The empirical part of the thesis is based on a sample survey focused on nurses' knowledge on tuberculosis and hygienic-epidemiological measures applied during prevalence of this disease. The level of knowledge in two respondents groups - nurses in pulmonary and infection departments and nurses working in other ones - are compared there.
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Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH
Šulcová, Monika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Monika Šulcová Supervisor: PharmDr. Přemysl Mladěnka PhD. Title of Thesis: Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH Iron is an essential element for living cells. Dangerous for the organism can be its lack and abundance as well. Therefore, its level must be meticulously regulated. The most common cause of iron overload is the excess supply. The iron overload is mainly brought about frequent use of transfusion or hematologic diseases. Iron toxicity is based on the ability to catalyze the formation of free radicals that modify cellular macromolecules and cause tissue damage. The use of iron chelators is therefore a rational therapy of iron overload conditions. Iron chelators are molecules with different structures sparing the ability of iron binding, which results in iron elimination from the organism and prevent iron accumulation in tissues. It is mainly used for intoxication, but some of them are also used in other indications. Attention is paid to the chemotherapy and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are many methods for determination of iron levels. Ferrozine method can be successfully used for the assessment of ferrous ions chelation....
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Oriental medicine. Study possibilities and sale centers in Czech Republic.
Bělová, Veronika ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Traditional medicine becomes more and more popular. It's usage propagaces in all over the world. In some countries oriental medicine is means of national healthcare, whereas in others countries it undertakes a function associated therapy to classical medicine. These both systems are different, though in some areas they are similar. Traditional medicine differs in duration of history, by using theories in interpretation diseases and using theories in therapy. Traditional medicine uses medical means, which have long tradition. Effects of therapy in most cases aren't scientifically attested. Western, classic medicine has priority in continuous finding of newer, more efficient methods, which are tested by scientific methods. Basic theories eastern medicine theory jin/jang, theory of five elements and theory of cchi are the most important. Principles of these theories are reflected in all medical methods. Acupuncture, acupressure, moxibation, fytotherapy,… are basic methods of therapy. The western medicine uses latest experiences, attested by scientifical methods. It's target is providing safety, effective treatment in time of needs. Western medicine is mainly aimed to therapy actual health problem, prevention others healthy problems, which can origine secondary in consequence of manifestation of primary...
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Child during the stay in a hospital from the point of view of an accompanying parent
CABAJOVÁ, Veronika
In last two decades medicine and nursery have experienced many reforms. In-patients are regarded self-contained human beings, persons with biopsychosocial needs. The holistic approach of human reflects also in paediatrics. After 1990 family has become a part of medical and nursery process. In case of a child hospitalisation contacts of the child and his/her family are not constrainedly interrupted but on the contrary there occurs a possibility of a common stay of children and parents or other persons caring for the child. For my Diploma Thesis I chose the theme: ``Stay of a child in hospital in terms of an accompanying person.`` This thesis contains two parts, the theoretical and empirical one. The theoretical part is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter is devoted to history of common hospitalisation of a child and his/her mother, the second one describes hospitalisation of a child with an accompanying person at present. In other chapters there are described rights of a child and accompanying persons, individual development periods of a child in connection with a disease and hospitalisation, what effect do disease or pain have on the child and reaction of the child to hospitalisation. Following chapters are devoted to the nursery process at children{\crq}s department and to medical care organisation in the Czech Republic. The empirical part is focused on finding out the level of satisfaction with the nursery care for a hospitalised child in terms of an accompanying person, which was directly the objective of the Diploma Thesis. The research proceeded in form of a quantitative investigation using a questionnaire survey. To complete and perfect the information obtained I used the qualitative investigation which proceeded in form of a depth interview. In conclusion it is possible to say that all the four hypotheses proved true: the hypothesis 1 An accompanying person is satisfied with the nursery care for a child in hospital. Hypothesis 2 An accompanying person provides a positive evaluation of the approach of nurses , the hypothesis 3 An accompanying person when staying in hospital is sufficiently informed about the child patient regime and the hypothesis 4 An accompanying person is satisfied with the environment of the department. In interviews the respondents mentioned often a missing alarm system in rooms to be the biggest negative of the common stay of a child and an accompanying person in hospital, which means insufficient contact with a nurse in case of a need of an assistance. The respondents liked the most being sufficiently informed about the child patient regime. It will be possible to use the results of the Diploma Thesis for evaluation of quality of the nursery care at children` departments and for proposal of corrective measures in the relevant area, which should lead to increase of satisfaction in the area of care for a hospitalised child and accompanying person.
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Investigation of blood cultures
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Radka
Bloodstream infections are among the most serious pathologies with often severe or even fatal course, and therefore the microbiological testing blood cultures is very important. Bloodstream infections caused by various microorganisms - bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungal agents. Each of them in the organism induces a different response and clinical course. The aim of this work was to ascertain the possibility of investigating bloodstream infections, appropriate the technique of treatment of blood cultures in the laboratory of bacteriology in České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and based on the results determine the percentage of positivity for the months of September and October 2012 and which agents and with what frequency was from the positive blood cultures catched. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of basic concepts that are associated with bloodstream infections and their complications. I also explore the possibilities of investigation in other laboratory branches - biochemistry and hematology which are also very important for the diagnostics of this infections and their importance is especially in speed of obtaining results. The main examination is the clinical microbiology one where culturing agents that cause these diseases, the rapid identification and determination of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents leads to accelerated and targeted therapy. The last section of the theoretical part I dedicated to individual agents that can cause bloodstream infections. The practical part describes the procedure by which blood cultures were processed. At first, I describe the pre-analytical sample testing, which is very important. Here is included the sampling and sample transport to the laboratory. Medical personnel, which take the sampling, should be duly lessoned how to act during the sampling to avoid contamination of the sample, so the patient was not been needlessly prescribed antibiotics. The actual analysis of the examination were performed in blood cultures system the Bact/ALERT 3D bioMerieux, whose principle is based on the colorimetric detection of CO2, arising from the growth of bacteria. If the unit is assessed positively, blood cultures bottle was further processed - inoculated on solid media and microscopic specimen was taken. The research results are displayed using simple statistics in graphs and a chart. From the assignment of the percentage of positivity, that are depicted in the graphs, the result for the months of September and October of 2012 is 17%. Another objective was to determine the isolated agent. These results are in a chart where I put the number of their representation and their relative frequency. The most common were isolated: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results, which I reached in this work, are similar to the results in the international literature. The occurrence of Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci is presented in the frequency of incidence of agents isolated from the blood cultures in the first place. During the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci should be considered their incidence as a possible contamination of the skin flora in case of the taking of blood cultures. During the practical part of the thesis I was closer acquaint with the operation of bacteriological laboratories and methods of its work including techniques of blood cultures processing. These activities are the necessary part of diagnostics of infectious diseases and treatment of the patient.
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Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II
Břečková, Anna ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hašková, Pavlína (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Anna Břečková Supervisor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II Iron deficiency and iron overload play important roles in the pathophysiology of certain human diseases. Administration of iron chelators is a suitable therapy in iron overload conditions, especially in cases of hematological diseases treated with blood transfusions. Iron- chelating therapy appears as well as a promising tool for other diseases (acute myocardial infarction, tumor, etc.). Several factors should be considered according to expected indications: 1) oral efficiency, 2) activity in acidic environment, 3) ability to reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions (risk of pro-oxidation). The aim of this thesis was to verify the iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. From this group, p-terc.butyl- and p-nitroderivatives of the basic structure and the derivatives marked as H2Q3Q and H2QPy, which are double molecules of the basic structure, were chosen. All of the tested substances had some potential to chelate ferrous ions and were also devoid of...
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The quality of life of patient before and after cataract surgery
Holubová, Ilona ; Liška, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hejcmanová, Dagmar (referee) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
Bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of quality of patients'life before and after cataract surgery. It identifies the impact of this disease on the quality of life from the perspective of patients. The first part of the theoretical work is focused on cataract disease. 104 The second part deals with other possible causes for the sight deterioration, except for cataract. An important chapter is the theoretical part and the quality of life in general, but also contingent visual quality of life. The other half consists of a quantitative questionnaire survey research, whose aim was to identify patients' problems retrospectively before and after the cataract surgery. The aim of the empirical part was to determine whether there was a set of monitored patients after cataract surgery for the subjective improvement of visual functions and their reflection in the quality of life. The research used an anonymous modified questionnaire. Part of questions from the questionnaire used the questionnaire VF-14. Sample consists of 155 respondents, who were diagnosed cataract. The research investigation was carried out from October to December 2008 at the ophthalmology Department of the Litomysl hospital.
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Occupational disease in Czech Republic in the year 2005
Pospíšil, Ondřej ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
According to the great medical dictionary , the definition of occupational diseases : A legal term denoting diseases mentioned in the list of occupational diseases that arise adverse effects chemical, physical , biological or other harmful effects , acute poisoning , if formed under the conditions specified in the list. They are listed in Government Regulation No. 290/1995 Coll . Occupational diseases not only this brief definition , but it is very interesting and socially important branch of medicine , which is very extensive and far-reaching significance for company . Especially for manufacturing , mining and healthcare where the disease Occupational most. Occupational diseases as part of the field of occupational medicine had enormous impact on improving the quality of life of workers and the workplace and beyond. A generally the environment around us. This is a field with a rich history spanning several , which is currently unjustly neglected in comparison with other clinical disciplines in particular . Occupational medicine have mainly aims at preventing a potential indemnification and legal implications the employer and the employees themselves. Emergence of occupational medicine as a specialized medical field is placed in the year 1700, when Bernardo Ramazzini issued Pavia in the Italian treatise on...
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Investigation for infectious markers of blood donors in Blood Establishment Hospital Č.B. a.s.
PÍCHOVÁ, Jana
The theme of the bachelor thesis is ?Infectious Disease Marker Testing of Blood Donors?. According legal rules, donated blood is tested for infectious agents of AIDS, syphilis and HBV, HCV. The risk of transmission of such diseases has been decreased in recent decades nevertheless it is still a threat to transfusion medicine. At the Transfusion Department of the České Budějovice Hospital, Inc., the samples of blood donors are tested in the Blood Donors Analytics Laboratory. At present, all the tests are performed on a single instrument Abbott Architect. Before testing on the Architect analyzer, viral markers were tested on the Abbott AxSYM instrument, while syphilis was tested via TP-PA method using a diagnostic kit by Serodia. The objective of the bachelor thesis is to compare the current testing systems with the previous ones, describe individual testing methods, count the numbers of reactive results and compare results of its confirmation tests, find out the frequency of reactive and positive results in new blood donors, verify results of the second confirmation of control samples. The thesis informs about basic criteria to select blood donors, individual infectious markers which cover the infectious diseases, in which a prolonged presence of the agents in blood occurs, and thus the transmission of the infection is possible. Further, the principles of methods used by the AxSYM analyzer, the Architect analyzer and Serodia TP-PA diagnostic kit are described. The samples showing the reactive results are sent to the National Reference Laboratory to be retested. In the period from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011 17,262 blood donors were tested using the AxSYM analyzer to detect HIV, HBsAg and HCV infections. The same number of the tests was performed also by TP-PA method to diagnose syphilis. In the period from 1st February 2012 to 31st January 2013, 18,346 of blood donor samples were tested to detect HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. 57 samples from the total number of tests performed on the AxSYM analyzer and TP-PA diagnostic kit were reactive in the year 2011. With the installation of the Architect analyzer the numbers of reactive samples increased more than twice, namely to 121 reactive samples. The largest increase in reactivity is evident in case of syphilis diagnostics. It was the similar with anti-HCV method. In both cases, the methods for antibodies detection are involved, and so it can be taken into account the interference with other non-specific antibodies. In the period of testing by TP-PA method on the AxSYM system, 20 reactive control samples, 10 reactive first time blood donors samples and 27 reactive regular donors samples were detected. After the changeover to Architect system, the numbers of reactive samples were increased unexpectedly in regular donors the most, namely up to 88 samples within the monitored period unlike 8 reactive samples in first time donors or 25 reactive control samples. In most cases, the confirmation test results of control samples are negative regardless the type of analyzer used for screening tests showing reactive results. The largest number of unclear results from the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) was observed with anti-HCV method. The NRL confirmed altogether 5 positive results for the monitored infection diseases, from which 4 were in new donors. This finding confirms the assumption that the first time donors are a risk group while with the regular blood donation the safety of blood transfusion is increasing. Based on all observed parameters the both analyzers can be regard as the safe systems for blood donors testing showing the sufficient specificity. The AxSYM analyzer was replaced by the newer Architect analyzer because of upgrading the machine equipment primarily. The chemiluminiscent test technology is preferred because of its high sensitivity, simplicity and reliability.
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Old Czech medical terminology - names of diseases, their signs and symptoms
Černá, Alena
Mottem této práce jsou slova, která zapsal téměř před sto lety František Michálek Bartoš. Je podivuhodné, jak staré česky psané lékařské texty zůstávají v archivech, stranou valného zájmu odborníků. Není to z nedostatku materiálu, neboť pro období středověku, v němž se konstituovaly počátky české lékařské vědy a s ní pochopitelně i české lékařské terminologie, máme k dispozici mimořádně velké množství lékařských textů. "Reprezentantem" těchto textů, o nichž bude podrobně pojednáno v příloze k této práci (viz s. 210-217), je pro tuto práci soubor lékařských památek, které zvolil pro svou materiálovou bázi Staročeský slovník;2 jejich fotokopie jsou uloženy v oddělení vývoje jazyka Ústavu pro jazyk český Akademie věd ČR. 3 Tyto památky jsou nezřídka značně rozsáhlé a dochovaly se v četných, často variantních rukopisech. Jedná se o 13 rukopisů převážně z 15. století, k nimž jsem se rozhodla připojit ještě rukopis zvaný Vnoučkovo lékařství (z počátku 16. století), v němž jsou obsaženy texty z minulého období. Tyto prameny jsou základem mé práce, i když jsem využívala i mnohých jiných zdrojů, o nichž se zmíním později. Na tomto místě chci poukázat na skutečnost, že v knihovnách a archivech je uchováváno mnohem více středověkých památek tohoto druhu, než bylo dosud známo a než se předpok1ádá10. Jsou to památky,...
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