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Radiotherapy
Šipka, Petr ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, with its effects on a biological tissues and with types of ionizing radiations used in a therapy. It deals with a medical procedures in therapy planning and with procedures during therapy itself. Part of this Bachelor’s thesis is an application Radiation Calculator processed in MatLab software. Application is modeling the resulting radiation field while setting various parameters.
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The radio therapy process planning
Slavíček, Tomáš ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Hrozek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis aims to bring reader to the problems of radiotherapy, to give him an overview of basic principles and methods used to treat patients with cancer by ionizing radiation. The first part is devoted to the physical description of radiation and means of quantification. Interactions of radiation with matter are discussed next following with characterization of radiation effects on living cells and tissues. In the next part there is a description of the devices used in the treatment by ionizing radiation and an explanation of the various acts of patient's preparation from the target localization to irradiation. The final chapter describes created program with a graphical environment, which includes the key elements of commercial planning systems for the creation of the irradiation plan. This program uses real CT images and provides the user a basic idea of creating radiotherapeutic plan. The user has several functions for creating and optimizing the plan. The output of the program is a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of dose in the patient's body.
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Treatibility of surface water
Fuks, Josef ; Palčík,, Jiří (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of the master´s thesis is the topic of the treatability of surface water with the focus on the process of suspension formation. For this work I took water samples from five different places around the Brno Dam which has contended with water quality deterioration for a long period. With these water samples, the series of jar coagulation tests were done with the application of three different commonly used coagulants. In the theoretical part of the master´s thesis I deal with the composition and attributes of surface water and the technology of its treatment. Each process of treatment is briefly described here with the emphasis on the process of suspension formation. The experimental part of the master´s thesis summarizes and presents the results gained through the coagulation tests in the laboratory. I evaluate the influence of different parameters on final effectiveness of water treatment and I try to find an optimal amount of coagulant, pH and speed of fast or slow mixing. Finally I compare the suitability of each coagulant and the influence of the sampling site on the effectiveness of water treatment.
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Methods of radioactive radiation measurement
Šugra, Marián ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
This thesis includes a survey of radiation measurement. It describes principle of methodes for it´s measuring with their principle together. Fixates at methods uses on medical workstations. A general nucleus of this thesis is proposition quantimeter with Geiger Muller´s tube. Contains terms at single quires of quantimeter. This equipment is powered by battery and it is assigned for some medical premises. This device will be signalized overrun beforehand adjusted value.
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Radiotherapy planning
Kumpová, Ivana ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The task of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of ionizing radiation from its types and resources, through mechanisms of action and its effects on the human organism, to the possibility of calculating various characteristics. Close attention is paid to the use of ionizing radiation in medical approaches. There is in detail described process of radiotherapy planning and a basic properties of planning systems. Part of the thesis is also program RT-Plan processed in Matlab. The program simulates the planning system for external ionizing radiation therapy used in treatment. There is supplemented a detailed help and series of tests for the plan. It is suitable for possible use in teaching.
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Simulation of dose distribution irradiation
Večeřa, Petr ; Hlaváč, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This project deals with the issue of simulation of dose irradiation. This principle is used in a radiotherapeutic device known as a Leksell Gamma Knife for the treatment of intracranial tumours. With regard to the theoretical observations obtained by studying this device, the project suggests the use of analytical geometry for the creation of a mathematical model for calculation of the intensity in the rayed area. A demonstration program Leksell_xvecer08 has been created for this model in a MatLab software background, which enables the user to change various input arguments and simulate a picture of the dosage spread in the target scanned areas.
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Contemporery state produced infuse pump.
Hubáček, Jan ; Brandejs, Jan (referee) ; Venclík, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor tesis is to make an overwiev about contemporary state of knowledge about infusion pumps. Labour is locate to infusoin pump characteristic and constructional solving of kinetic mechanism. First part is a characterization of products from inland and external producers. Second part is pointed to the opinion poll of infusion pumps use. Close of this labour is oriented to knowledge summary and incoming development of infusion pumps.
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Protection of persons present at examinations using ionising radiation.
MRÁZEK, Jiří
This bachelor{\crq}s thesis, entitled Protection of persons present at examinations using of ionizing radiation, seeks to summarize particular methods of radiation protection of medical personnel performing activities involving sources of the ionizing radiation. The introductory part highlights the need of the personnel to be acquainted with certain aspects of radiological physics, with effects of ionizing radiation on the human body, with a possibility of its detection, principles of radiation protection, and its optimization. In the following section the thesis points to the legislation in the area of radiation protection. It considers how are the radiation protection and its optimization interpreted at the radio-diagnostic department. Furthermore, it compares specific data resulting from personal monitoring of selected radiological personnel of the Central Military Hospital in Prague with limits of exposure set up by legislation. The data obtained by the monitoring are then sorted and compared using various examination methods. The thesis seeks to prove that compliance with the principles of radiation protection results in values of the individual monitoring of the personnel not exceeding the limits of exposure set up by legislation. Based on particular results it aims to determine how demanding individual examination methods in terms of the personnel{\crq}s radiation exposure are. This thesis should therefore help not only radiological assistants, but also doctors, nurses, and other personnel working with sources of ionizing radiation understand how important are the protection against ionizing radiation and compliance with principles of radiation protection for reduction of the radiation doses received.
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The evaluation doses of irradiation on the skin of the patients after mastectomy with breast cancer by TLD and planning system with and without bolus.
GALEKOVÁ, Dominika
My Bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of doses of radiation on skin, in patients after a breast ablation for a carcinoma, with thermoluminescence dosimeters and planning consoles under bolus and without bolus. The thesis comprises two parts, a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the occurrence of breast tumour diseases, classification of tumour types and prevention of breast tumour diseases, as well as on the disease diagnostics and treatment. The practical part provides evaluation of a measurement related to a dose on the surface of patient{\crq}s skin and on the surface of Rando Phantom. Measurement results are presented in tables and graphs. In the practical part, we used the Rando Phantom for measurement of thermoluminescence dosimeters, an evaluation device for the evaluation of thermoluminescence dosimeters, bolus (tissue equivalent material) which increases the dose on body surface, homogeneous. The practical part and the entire Bachelor thesis compares radiation doses on the sin of patients after total mastectomy using bolus with doses measured on the surface of a phantom. Both the phantom and the patients were irradiated under the same radiation conditions. Results of measurements conducted at ONO in the České Budějovice Hospital show that an average dose obtained from individual thermoluminescence dosimeters is 1,88 Gy in a phantom with the use of bolus, 1,5 Gy in a phantom without vthe use of bolus, 2,14 Gy in patiens after total mastectomy usány bolus and 1,76 Gy in patients after total mastectomy without using bolus. When irradiating patients without the use of bolus, the dose permeates deep into the body and is lower, while with the use of bolus, the dose keeps on the body surface and corresponds to a dose defined in the treatment plan.
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Confrontation of radiation dose of professional in nuclear medicine department in Hradec Králové before and after installation PET/CT, possibilities of monitoring
JANSOVÁ, Martina
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the radiation load of Nuclear Medicine employees of University Hospital Hradec Králové before and after the introduction of PET/CT examinations. Compared with usual examinations with gamma emitters and therapy with open beta emitters, the PET/CT examination method uses positron emitters and is carried out at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of University Hospital Hradec Králové (DNM UHHK). The use of positron emitters leads to increased demand in respect of radiation protection and work organisation. I made an evaluation of doses from personal dosimetry from 2004 until 2008 prior to the introduction of the PET/CT examination methodology; and year 2009 is subsequently assessed in respect of the situation after the introduction of PET/CT examinations. The results of doses are provided in tables. Film dosimeters and thermoluminescence (TL) ring dosimeters had been used for personal dosimetry until 2008. Digital dosimeters have been also used for personal dosimetry since 2009, and they are further included in the comparison of the received radiation doses of employees. The results were used for an evaluation of optimisation of radiation protection at the DNM UHHK.
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