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Lipid composition of biological membranes and life-histories in songbirds
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Differences in the composition of cell membranes are considered to be the physiological mechanism responsible for different metabolic rates, life span and consequently, different life-histories. The membrane pacemaker theory suggests that higher membrane unsaturation may be an important factor responsible for higher metabolic rate and shorter life span of organisms. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that membranes can function as structural antioxidants, and thus that higher membrane unsaturation may be associated with longer life span. The aim of this work was to test how changes in the fatty acid composition of membranes depends on body size, latitude and altitude, within which different life-histories and metabolic rate were observed. Temperate and tropical lowland songbird species were chosen for the models testing the effect of latitude, and only tropical species of songbirds were chosen for the models testing the effect of altitude. Part of the work was molecular sex determination. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, the amount of individual fatty acids contained in red blood cell phospholipids was obtained from blood samples. The results showed that the composition of the membranes in most cases correlates with body size, which also correlates with almost all...
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Creation of the thematic map in Microstation
Valachovič, Patrik ; Berková, Alena (referee) ; Ježek, Jiří (advisor)
The final bachelor work aims to create a map of a city district Brno-Líšeň in map scale 1:500. Bachelor work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the characteristic of measured methods that were used. The second chapter is about measurement preparation and work materials. The third chapter describes the processing part of the calculation of measured data in a programming environment Groma v.11. Finally, in the fourth chapter, there is a graphic part which is situated in a programming environment MGEO and Microstation V8i.
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Analysis of competitive ski mountaineering and use of a hypoxic environment
Legová, Tereza ; Jindra, Matouš (advisor) ; Gnad, Tomáš (referee)
Based on a search of available resources, I report on racing skialpinism and training at higher altitudes. The aim of this work is to compare the performance of the reprezentation of Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland in skialpinism at the World Cup, World and Europe Championships three years before and three years after the Central European Cup (SEP) (2016). And to find out if SEP really contributed to increasing success at these international races. I have analyzed the numbers of competitors and the success of the countries participating in SEP in the World Cup, the European and World Championships before and after the introduction of SEP. I also compared the altitude profile of the World Cup races in skialpinism and compared it to the Central European Cup (SEP). I focused on the average altitude of the race, track length, elevation and the highest peak. According to the findings, Czech competitors were more successful in skiing before the SEP, either in the World Cup or in the European and World Championships. SEP races compare to the World Cup are laid down below, shorter and lacking a technical passage. On the other hand, the competitors get more meters over them. Based on these results, I suggest that races in skialpinism within SEP should be more similar to the World Cup, at least in terms...
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Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic
Tomanová, Helena ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Čížková, Klára (referee)
Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic Abstract Recently, the shortwave radiation signified as UV radiation became a popular topic, connected mainly to the loss of ozone in the stratosphere. This radiation has both positive and negative effects on humans. Therefore, the UV index was introduced, which express the biological effect of UV radiation on human health. The thesis describes the geographical parameters and meteorological conditions affecting the values of UV index. The UV radiation its measurement methods, and its effects on human health and other living organisms is described in detail in the theoretical section. It also contains the definition of UV index and the factors affecting the UV index magnitude: latitude, the height of the sun above the horizon, altitude, cloud cover and the character of the active surface. Links between UV index and individual parameters are checked in the practical section using the UV index measurement from four stations in the Czech Republic during the period 2011 - 2017. The research shows, that the UV index is significantly lower for an overcast sky in comparison with clear sky. The present of snow cover increases the effects of UV radiation, particularly for the high elevations of the sun above the horizon. Key words: Czech Republic, global radiation,...
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The inclusion of high altitude training for attendance in alpine skiing races
Ptáčník, Marek ; Jindra, Matouš (advisor) ; Fořterová, Petra (referee)
Title: The inclusion of high altitude training for attendance in alpine skiing races Objectives: The purpose of this Bachelor thesis was on the grounds of collected information determine, if the training in hypoxic area is needed for attendance in alpine skiing disciplines. Methods: In this Bachelor thesis was used the method of documents analysis, then searching in electronic database was used. Next method was collecting information from schedule of every single alpine discipline races. Results: Results of thesis are, that neccesity of inclusion hypoxic training is different for each discipline. We may say, that high altitude training is needed for downhill and super G specialists, whose performence is very often longer than 90 seconds, which is the border known as very imoprtant for inclusion of high altitude training. Hypoxic training for technical disciplines is not neccesary in view of the fact that races in slalom and giant slalom didn't cross the border of 90 seconds even once. Altitude of single races gives us similar results. Races of downhill and super G take place very often in 2000 meters above sea level - 33 races of 45 in super G and 31 of 56 in downhill. 2000 meters above sea level is the decisive border for high altitude training inclusion. Races of technical disciplines take place...
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Extreme daily temperature range in Czechia in 1961-2007
Maňhal, Daniel ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Lhotka, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the extreme daily temperature range (DTR) during the period 1961-2007 for the extended winter season, based on an analysis of the daily series from 49 climatological stations in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research was to find the frequency of the extreme DTR in the individual months and describe the effect of the sunshine, the snow cover and the altitude on the magnitude of the extreme DTR. Moreover, the work focused on the identification of typical synoptic situations, during the days with extreme DTR. During the study period, 1746 days with extreme DTR were detected at least at one climatological station. The extreme DTR occurred most often in March in the anticyclonic situations. During the days with strong wind, the eastern flow direction prevailed anticyclonic situations whereas the western direction prevailed cyclonic situations. The highest values of the extreme DTR generally occurred in the lowlands since the magnitude of extreme DTR decreased with increasing altitude. In general, the values of extreme DTR were reduced (by 0,2 řC on average) during the days with snow cover. Cloud cover had a similar effect, the mean difference of extreme DTR between cloudy days (defined as days with sunshine duration less than 1 h/day) and sunny days was 0,5 řC. The acquired...
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Analysis of the influence of ski training in the first year of the study program PE and Sport at high altitude on the selected students' fitness requirements
KŘÍŽENECKÝ, Daniel
This thesis analyzes the physical predispositions of students from the first grade of the physical education who attended a ski course. This course took place in France. This fact is quite important for the thesis because the course took place in a higher altitude. The main aim of the thesis is to compare results of tested probands before and after the course. At first, there was an information meeting where we provided more information about the aim of this thesis and about the testing. After this meeting we went to KTVS laboratory where the first measuring happened. After that all probands and other students left for the ski course to France for a week. The accommodation was in an Alpe d´Huez center which is situated 1860 meters and the highest point of it which is 3330 meters above the sea level. Probands were practicing in very high altitude all week. In this thesis we also look at how hard it is to work in this altitude, what kind of advantages and disadvantages it might have and which danger might come up. It is also necessary to think about the process of how probands should prepare themselves not to underestimate anything. The second measuring happened after the return to the Czech Republic. It also took place in KTVS laboratory. After the measuring we started analyzing all measured data of probands. We compared this data. After that we realised what this course brought to the students. We wanted to know what happens in following parts: body composition, Wingate test, spiroergometry and spirometry. In each part we were interested in some specific parameters that are related to this topic. We included specific parameters like: body fat, muscle mass, body water, maximum performance, average performance, maximum 5 seconds performance, fatigue index, VO2max, oxygen pulse, minute respiratory volume and vigorous vital capacity.
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Creation of the thematic map in Microstation
Ondová, Natálie ; Berková, Alena (referee) ; Ježek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on creating thematic map of settlement urban zone Vinohrady. Based on documents and materials and thanks to suitably chosen measuring methods, was realized mensuration of terrain. Than it was following calculations of the measured data in software environment Groma v.11 and creating list of coordinates of the detailed points and auxiliary measurement points. These points served as the basis for creating a thematic map. The development of this map took place in the software environment MGEO and Microstation V8i. The aim of the work was creation a 1:500 purpose thematic map.
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The altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes
Krauskopf, Tomáš ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Pokorná, Lucie (referee)
The altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes Abstract In this work there is summarized the scientific literature which is focused on the spatial distribution of long-term surface air temperature changes, specifically on the altitudinal dependence of warming rate. In this text this dependence is analyzed both globally and in several major mountain regions. The greatest attention is paid to the Swiss Alps, where is the largest network of weather stations and there should be achieved reliable results. Furthermore, this work refers to mechanisms that cause different rates of warming at different altitudes, such as snow-albedo feedback or changes in the frequency of fog and cloud. The aim of the practical part is then to analyze surface temperature trends in the Czech Republic and to assess the altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes in our country. Keywords: climate change, temperature, trends, altitude
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