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Nursing care for a child with heart disease at the intensive care unit
SMEJKALOVÁ, Jitka
Children heart diseases can be divided into congenital and acquired heart defects. The acquired heart defects can be further divided into acquired heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, including hypertension, inflammatory heart diseases and heart failure. Children heart diseases can occur at any age, even if it is a congenital heart defect that is less severe. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at ICU and to find out the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA II taxonomy, and their treatment in case of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at ICU. During the realization of the research part, a qualitative research survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews with the nurses, participant observation and the method of content analysis, which provide a more complex view of the composition of the children with heart disease hospitalized at ICU. The interviews were conducted with the nurses at the children's ICU, where the participant observation and the method of content analysis took place as well. The results of the research show that nursing care differs in the case of cardiologic disordered children and otherwise disordered children in some areas, as well as the needs. In the research part it was found out what the most frequent nursing interventions in case of these children are and how much they differ from the interventions of children with other diseases, who are also hospitalized at ICU. Furthermore, the research shows that nurses have a negative opinion on nursing diagnoses, although they are used in the documentation. This was found not only in the semi-structured interviews with the nurses, but also during the participated observation and the content analysis of the documentation. The research also revealed that some nursing diagnoses are specific to cardiologic disordered children, but, for example, the nursing diagnosis of the risk of infection associated with invasive entry is used in case of all children hospitalized at ICU. The diploma thesis should inform nurses about nursing care in case of children with heart disease hospitalized at ICU.
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Nursing care for a child with heart disease at the intensive care unit
SMEJKALOVÁ, Jitka
Children heart diseases can be divided into congenital and acquired heart defects. The acquired heart defects can be further divided into acquired heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, including hypertension, inflammatory heart diseases and heart failure. Children heart diseases can occur at any age, even if it is a congenital heart defect that is less severe. The diploma thesis should bring nurses closer to the problems of nursing care of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU and to find out the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA II taxonomy, and their treatment in case of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU. During the realization of the research part, a qualitative research survey was used using semi-structured interviews with the nurses involved in the observation. And a summarization that provides a more comprehensive view of the composition of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The interviews were conducted with the nurses at the children's ICU, where the participant observation took place as well. In the research section the most common nursing interventions in case of these children were described and how much they differ from interventions in case of children with other illnesses that are also hospitalized at the ICU. Further, we have also found out the most common nursing diagnoses of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU.
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Airconditioning of unit with intensive care
Halaj, Andrej ; Uher, Pavel (referee) ; Rubinová, Olga (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with design of hvac units for intensive care unit and its associated facilities. System is separated into two units. Primary device operates rooms with beds of intensive care unit and secondary device operates associated facilities. Terciary device deals with cooling with the help of fancoils. Theory focuses on air filtration, air filters and principles of particle separation.
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Airconditioning of intensive care unit
Cakl, Dominik ; Blasinski, Petr (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with design of air-conditioning and air-condition systems in the spaces of intensive care unit of infection department and employees department. Proposoal of the systems meets relevant standarts, hygiene and operating requirements. The computational part is focused on total object analysis, heat balance, air flow in relation to increased hygiene requirements and requirements for air heating. The computational part also involves distribution, adjustment of air and other proposals, which are integrated in correctly proposed equipment. The theoretical part is involving heat recovery with heat pump. The project is processed on the level of the project implementing.
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Thrombophilia and thrombotic complications in severe septic patients
Zenáhlíková, Zuzana ; Kvasnička, Jan (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Malý, Jaroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thrombotic events are among the most serious complications of sepsis and also the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently, the administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) is recommended in patients with severe sepsis for prophylaxis of these complications. However, this prophylaxis often fails. Objectives of the study: One of the objectives of our study was to examine changes in haemostasis in relation to the inflammatory response during 15 days of severe sepsis. The next objective was to determine whether a prophylactic inhibition of F Xa in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 IU/mL is achieved in these patients, if they receive the recommended prophylaxis with LMWH. We also recorded the dynamics of changes in the F Xa inhibition during the entire study period. Moreover, we tried to identify the factors that may affect the antithrombotic efficacy of the subcutaneously administered enoxaparin. Patient population and methods: A total of 35 ICU patients meeting the criteria of severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Only 16 of these patients could be followed throughout the entire 15-day period. Patients were treated according to the current guidelines, including LMWH prophylaxis; enoxaparin (40 mg sc per day) was used in this study....
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Tracheostomy from the client's perspective
Martinů, Kateřina ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of clients who endured tracheostomy. The theoretical part is mainly paying attantion to explaining the anatomical and physiological proportions of larynx and trachea. The next, quite large chapter, focuses on tracheonomic cannula, tries to sum up the information from first attempts to open the trachea, types of tracheonomic cannulas and their advantages and disantvantages, to hygiene of the throat and correct care. These basic informations should be helpful to clients taking care of tracheostomy in home enviroment. The next chapter introduces the educational process of the client from the begining of hospitalization until dispensary care. The practical part is focused on quantitative research on sufficient information towards clients before surgery and finding out to what level are the clients bothered by the cannula and how to compensate. From the obtained data it was possible to deduct that 65% of clients received information from the nurse about how to use a cannula, including a demonstration. 35% was informed about the treatment. The research also revealed that 55% of clients with temporary tracheostomy perceives the limited comunication posibilites as a major problem. Keywords in English Tracheostomy Otorhinolaryngology Intensive care unit Nursing...
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Issues of nursing care during pacient´s transfer from an intensive care unit to a standard surgical ward
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
A lot of patients are hospitalized at the intensive care unit after a major operation at the surgery ward. After the stabilisation of the condition they are transferred to a standard department. The nursing care at these two departments obviously differs. The difference can particularly be seen in the care itself, but also in the accessibility of the nursing staff and protection of patient privacy. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out in what areas the nursing staff can see problems with the patients that are transferred from the intensive care unit to a standard ward and to map the differences between the levels of the nursing care at these two departments. A quantitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews was applied to the research. The research sample consisted of six nurses working at a standard department and five patients meeting the criterion of the transfer from the ICU to a standard ward. The analyses of the information provided was performed by means of the "pencil and paper" method, where we numbered the individual interviews and tried to find similar answers therein. The research has shown that nurses perceive an early transfer of a patient to a standard ward negatively, as in most cases the care of such patients is extremely time consuming. Another problem is in the insufficient information of a patient in terms of the post-operation rehabilitation and inability to absorb the information provided by a nurse. The patients can see the difference mainly in the frequency of the nursing staff, in the continuous monitoring of the physiological functions and last but not least also in the protection of patient privacy. The results of the research might serve as an input for a seminar held on this issue and lead to the future improvement of the quality of the nursing care at these two departments.
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The issue of treating patient with polytrauma
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Barbora
Polytrauma is an injury of one or more organic systems or body areas the mutual combination and extent of which may lead to direct death threat. Polytrauma stands on the first step of the mortality ladder particularly among those of 1 45 years of age. Not only timely emergency care, but also professional quality of the care play important role here. Treatment of a patient with polytrauma requires quality performance of physically and psychically demanding work The aim of the thesis was 1: To find out whether nurses at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department have knowledge of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma. 2: To find out the specifics of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. 3: To find out the differences in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. Research questions: 1. Where do ARD nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 2. Where do ICU nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 3. Where do nurses from a standard department see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 4. How do ARD nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 5: How do ICU nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 6: How do nurses from a standard department care of a patient with polytrauma? 7: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ARD nurses have? 8: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ICU nurses have? 9: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do nurses from a standard department have? Qualitative research was applied to preparation of the thesis. Non-structured interview and involved observation were the data collection methods. The research was performed at an anaesthesia and resuscitation department, at an intensive care unit and at a standard traumatology department. The research was anonymous. The research has shown that ARD and ICU nurses as well as those at the standard department are aware of treatment of patients with polytrauma. We observed that they cared about patients' needs and all activities they perform comply with nursing care standards. They are aware of complications that might occur in a polytraumatized patient. We have also found that mainly the difference in communication with a patient belongs to the specifics of the above mentioned departments. The results also show that the care provided at the ARD and the ICU is acute, while the standard department mostly provides subsequent care. We found that the biggest difference in treatment of patients with polytrauma at the above departments is in communication with a patient. Communication is at the minimum at ARD, where work with monitors prevails. Nurses of the ICU and the standard department cope with different problems. These are lack of space and electronic equipment at the ICU. The care of a patient with polytrauma who is not self-sufficient and requires permanent care and attention of a nurse is physically and psychically demanding at a standard department. It is not sufficient according to the nurses. The problem is in their opinion in high number of patients, lack of beds, extensive attention to some patients and last but not least the growing administration conducted by nurses. This brings the problems in nurse-patient communication at a standard department. The nurses are aware of the fact that effective communication has positive impact on patient recovery as it moderates pain and confusion and helps against anxiety and stress, helps relieve pain, reduce complications and accelerate convalescence. It would be interesting to prepare a seminar for the ARD, ICU and standard department healthcare staff to improve nursing care of a patient with polytrauma in relation to that.
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Burnout Syndrom and Prevention of Nurses in Hospital.
ELLINGEROVÁ, Klára
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the experience of nurses with burnout syndrome and its prevention. In order to this, I have been examining a number of nurses who have experienced burnout syndrome, the level of intensity they experienced and the nurses' opinion on the prevention of this psychical state. The theoretical part will focus on the nurses' job description and psychological stresses related to their duties. Furthermore I will focus on burnout syndrome - its risk factors, causes, stages and prevention. I will inform as well about daily course and operations at the Intensive Care Unit and the standard inpatient department. The empirical part focuses on comparing the level of burnout syndrome of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit versus those working in the standard inpatient department. Furthermore I am examining the experience of nurses with the burnout syndrome and its prevention. I will use a questionnaire as the research method.
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