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Physical activity as a primary prevention for selected civilization diseases
DIVÁCKÝ, Jan
The content of the bachelor thesis is to outline the importance of physical activities in a primary prevention of lifestyle diseases, and emphasize the implementation of these activities as a part of a healthy lifestyle. Increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases is linked to our way of life, among which there are an excessive food intake and a reduced physical activity. Physical activities in the appropriate volume positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol, reduce the risk of colon cancer, the type 2 diabetes or hypertension, help to keep one´s body weight, increase cardiorespiratory endurance, which forestalls heart disease, circulatory and respiratory systems diseases. The most common cause of the morbidity and mortality in most European countries including the CR represents cardiovascular disease. Physical activities in addition to the primary prevention have an important benefit in the treatment, thus the tertiary prevention of the cardiovascular disease. The first objective of this study was to determine what physical activities are carried out by individuals with cardiovascular disease. The most common form of physical activity in this group of people is walking: 26 (39%) men and 22 (48%) women. At the first set target H1 binds: People with cardiovascular disease are not involved in physical activities (H0). This hypothesis was rejected by testing at a significance level alfa = 0.05 by the chi-square test. Performing physical activity primarily affects the goal you want to achieve. To keep health benefits we must abide the FITT principle. People with CVD are especially recommended a long- term physical activity (walking, nordic walking, cycling, swimming, home trainer), performed regularly with a frequency of 3-5 times per week, for at least 30 minutes, which should not exceed the intensity of 60-80 % of the maximum heart rate or 6 METs. Physical activities need not be carried out once, but may be divided into more time intervals during the day. The second objective was to determine what knowledge the individuals with cardiovascular disease have of the possibility of appropriate physical activities. To which followed H2: People with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities. To determine the appropriate knowledge of the possibilities of physical activities I have included 6 survey questions. I determined the erudition/education by reaching 4 points or more for at least 70 % of patients (H0). The value of p = 0.00 <0.05, therefore we reject (H0) that people with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities (70% share of the educated), and accept the alternative hypothesis that people with cardiovascular disease are not educated about the characteristics of suitable motion activities (HA). The proportion of the educated person is not expected (70 %), it is significantly higher, patients are more educated than it was expected (86%). In the summary, the people with CVD perform most outdoor physical activities in the form of walking, while the men prefer a higher frequency of 3-4 times a week and women 1-2 times per week. Time spent on physical activities by both sexes mostly ranged between 20 to 30 minutes a day of moderate intensity. Compared with the recommendations, the volume of PA research sample is sufficient, just weekly rate for women should be the same as for men. If you keep the current level of physical activity, it should individually lead to keeping the current health parameters considering the higher average age (63.7 years) and the disposition of the respondents. The results of this study may contribute to understanding the importance of physical activities in the prevention of lifestyle diseases, thereby affecting behavior and lifestyle of risk groups (sedentary people, children and youth, seniors).
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Defence of organism against reactive oxide substances and the role of nutrition in it
BENDLOVÁ, Radka
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species along with environmental toxins are the most frequently cited sources of pathological effects on physiological proceses in man and on the development of degenerative diseases (diseases of civilization). Numerous free radicals commonly occur in the organism because they are part of physiological processes (physical exercive, food processing, the body's immune defence). On one hand highly reactive oxygen species play an important role in antimicrobial protection of the human body, helping to kill microorganismus during phagocytosis. Other side of oxidative stress (overproduction of reactive oxygenates) participates damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Oxidative damage to biomolecules has to be counteracted by antioxidant defense. Sufficient level of antioxidants in biological tissues act protectively. If we follow the recommended quantity and composition of food rich in antioxidants we can substantially contribute to improving our health and reduce the risk of manifestation of the serious diseases, so called civilization diseases.
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Functional foods in human nutrition
ZEVLOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with functional food and their role in human nutrition. The history of functional food, their characteristics, components, evaluation of individual species and the impact on the health of the consumer is described here. A lot of researches are focused on the topic of functional food, but no legally definition have been established yet. Even in the Czech Republic or the EU. Only the certain designations are used, which have a small deviations in different countries. Functional foods can be formed in different ways. It´s the elimination of certain harmful substances, a modification, but the most commonly used method is to add some substance to food. These substances may have various origins. The most commonly used are probiotics and prebiotics, antioxidants, anticarcinogens, fiber and many more. As the types of functional food there are mentioned cereals and products made from them, as well as meat and meat products, fruit and vegetables, vegetable fats, foods from stevia and very important probiotic food. Then the study focuses on the behavior of these types of food in prevention of civilization diseases, namely diabetes, obesity, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the Alzheimer´s disease. Subsequently, this section deals with the importance of functional food for particular population groups. Attention is given to children, the elderly, pregnant women and athletes.
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Factors influencing changes to the content of antioxidants in the body.
MERLEOVÁ, Gabriela
This thesis deals with the relationship between antioxidants and free radicals, their interactions and effects on the human body. Characteristics, properties and occurrence of some antioxidants such as carotenoids, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, selenium, melatonin, quercetin, etc., may explain some of the mechanisms of their effects on human health, particularly in the area of lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary antioxidants and therefore are regularly added to the diet part of the antioxidant defense of the organism, although the content of antioxidants in these foods may be changed by external influences. Information used in this study were obtained from the scientific and professional publications and periodicals found in domestic and international databases of scientific and specialist literature.
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Healthy Lifestyle among Czech Consumers
Jarošová, Lucie ; Pešek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tvrzníková, Libuše (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the lifestyle of the Czech population. The empirical research aims identify key characteristics of lifestyle of the Czech population, show the range of approaches to health, find out in what ways the Czech population cares about health, study to what extent Czechs respect the principles of a healthy lifestyle and investigate how well informed Czechs are about health. The theoretical part of this study consists of analyzing specialized literature in order to provide a comprehensive definition. Then using a number of previous studies it maps the risk behavior of the Czech population in relation to non-communicable diseases that can be caused by unhealthy lifestyle. The empirical part of the thesis provides tentative answers to the questions mentioned above. That is done by analyzing survey data complemented by an analysis of data provided by Marketing & Media & Lifestyle. The analyses concern both the entire Czech population and subsequently three selected sub-groups of respondents: (1) those who consider their lifestyle as healthy, (2) those who do not, and (3) a category of young people.
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Protective food.
ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deal problems of preventive meals. Theoretic part is specialized on analyses of literature which is connected with this topic. There is described preventive meals like way of sustenance which is important to preventive health against civilization diseases. In the next part is written connection between civilization diseases and nutrition. Health and education of health is necessary to keep psychic, visceral and social health of human. The human is exposed to high claims, faster lifestyle and stress situations in his life. There is also mentioned program of Health for all in 21th century. Practical part deal research of meals habits, information about health meals, which is connected to rise of illness and attitude of human. Research was made by means of questionnaire. There were 128 people who answered. One of two research questions was confirmed and the second one was unconfirmed.
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Living standard risks evaluation of secondary school youth by program Nutrifia
SCHÖNBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The lifestyle quality of every person influences their health and the health of the society overall. It is known that the majority of habits that we have as adults originate in our childhood. Therefore childhood and adolescence are a suitable period for the upbringing towards health and healthy lifestyle. A large number of people affected by civilization diseases evidences a low quality of inhabitants' lifestyle. The lifestyle of young people includes lack of movement, abuse of addictives, an improper diet but also various adrenalin activities. It is necessary to motivate young people to a change and in this way decrease the number of clients with civilization diseases. The bachelor thesis concentrates on the evaluation of secondary school students' lifestyle. The aim of the thesis was to determine the lifestyle level of secondary school youngsters in the field of diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and movement activities. The following hypotheses were set: H1 BMI figure in secondary school students corresponds to overweight H2 Secondary school students perform sports activities 1-2 a week H3 More smokers occur in grammar school students than in special secondary school students. H4 Fruit and vegetables are represented adequately in secondary school students' diet (more than 4 portions per day). H5 Secondary school students' diet corresponds to nutrition pyramid. The research file was made up by 97 secondary school respondents, namely students of the fourth grade of Secondary Medical School and Medical College in České Budějovice, specialization in the field of medical assistant, laboratory assistant and dental technician assistant. Further on by the fourth grade students of Grammar School in Prachatice. The research survey was carried out in a quantitative way with the questionnaire method. The research survey results can be used for the presentation in the frame of lectures concerning healthy lifestyle for the general public.
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HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A PREVENTION OF CIVILIZATION DISEASES
TICHÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with problems of healthy lifestyle in connection with prevention of civilization diseases. In the theoretical part of this work there are briefly described the most significant aspects of lifestyle which have an influence on human health. Then there is here mentioned prevention and some of the most common civilization diseases. Healthy lifestyle presents set of routines and behavior that according to contemporary scientific knowledge supports our health. We can imagine it for example like a style where most of components, which it is consisted of, have positive orientation and where physical activity, rational nutrition, no-smoking, reasonable drinking of alcohol and good human relations are on the first place. The aim of this work is detection of a lifestyle and following comparison of the results in a group of women and men and comparison of a lifestyle of people living in a town and in the country. Experimental population was formed by people living in a district of Jindrichuv Hradec aged 41- 55. First hypothesis - Among men will be more often detected negative factor of smoking {--} was confirmed. In research I found out that in the surveyed sample of people living in a district of Jindrichuv Hradec there regularly smoke 37,1 % of men and 22,2 % of women, which corresponds with the results of the study of HELEN which was this hypothesis built on. Second hypothesis - women will evaluate their health like worse {--} wasn't confirmed. The question ascertaining a subjective feeling of health was supposed to verify whether the findings of the study of the health condition and lifestyle of the inhabitants in the Czech Republic. 43,6 % of women and 35,4 % of men valued their lifestyle in a positive way, 14,6 % of women and 29,1 % of men in a negative way. Third hypothesis {--} People living in a town will more often feel stress in comparison with people living in the country {--} was confirmed. To a question {\clqq}Do you suffer from stress?" 90,4 % of people living in a town and 77 % of people living in the country answered positively.
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Body weight changes during calendar year\\
ŘÍHA, Jakub
This thesis deals with monitoring of development of body weight, percentage share of fat and rate of BMI of students of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice during one calendar year. In theoretical part I deal with characteristic of health and civilization diseases. Considering a subject of this thesis I separated obesity, one of the civilization diseases, to individual chapter. Next chapters deal with diet, drinking mode and move activity. The last important chapter is an influence of body weight on a human health. The influence of an excessive weight on occurrence of civilization diseases is described in this part. The total number of people in practical part was 105, including 41 men and 64 women. The Tanita scales was used for findings of body weight and percentage share of fat. The realized rates are recorded as figures and graphs. The outcomes show that body weight, percentage share of fat and rate of BMI don´t change a lot during the calendar year. Average months rates of BMI and percentage share of fat show that men´s and women´s body weight is in ideal value and doesn´t represent any health hazard.
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Healthy Life Style
Donát, Lukáš ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Šraierová, Dana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with a healthy life style and its influence on the most frequent civilization diseases. In the subsequent parts there has been elaborated a questionnaire with the main topic -- healthy life style. Based on this questionnaire are also the results which confirm or contradict the hypotheses formulated in the process of the presented diploma thesis.
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