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Bank security instruments in international trade
Lachová, Denisa ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Michal (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the main bank security instruments which are used in international trade. The first chapter is devoted to a fundamental overview of bank co-acceptance of bill, documentary letter of credit, bank payment obligation and bank guarantee. The second and the third chapters compose the core of the thesis. They are dedicated to two traditional bank security instruments, specifically; the documentary letter of credit and the bank guarantee. These two chapters describe the main characteristics of these instruments, the obligations of the parties, and, finally, the advantages and the disadvantages which arise from these instruments for the involved parties.
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Bank guarantees in international trade
Zittová, Lenka ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Vlčková, Veronika (referee)
Diploma thesis describes possibilities of securing selected risks using bank guarantee instrument, which is used primarily in international trade. The goal is to analyze securing of commercial and territorial risks using bank guarantees, characterize different types of bank guarantees and possibilities of using them on international markets. The first chapter presents risks in international trade and the most common methods of securing - documentary letters of credit, documentary collections, promissory notes, standby letter of credit. The second chapter is devoted to product bank guarantee, introduces types of bank guarantees, exposure process and methods of use. The third chapter presents the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG). The practical part explores the usage of bank guarantees in selected countries (Germany, Russia, USA, China, India) and describes different approach to this product. Thesis has to help readers quickly find their way in a relatively complicated topic of bank guarantees, especially in case of trading on international market. The last part can help in case of trading with specific countries.
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Hedging instruments in international business with the focus on bank guarantees
Mrázková, Jana ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis offers a detailed view of bank guarantees in comparison to other hedging instruments. The first chapter describes all types of the hedging instruments, highlighting the differences between the instruments and the bank guarantee, especially the differences in the rate of guarantee and price. Second chapter of the thesis focuses on bank guarantees -- describes the process of handling the guarantee in detail and offers a view of this issue from all parties involved, i.e. the bank, supplier and consumer. The last section of the thesis is a case study of a Czech company, which demonstrates the entire company strategy in the area of bank guarantees.
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Comparison of Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees
Kanta, Ondřej ; Nejedlý, Michal (advisor) ; Chaloupka, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on comparison of the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees issued by the International Chamber of Commerce. The theoretical part characterizes the bank guarantee, states its classifications and options of insurance. The practical part includes a comparison of the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees of 1992 (URDG 458) with their revised version of 1st July 2010 (URDG 758), summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the new version for all involved parties and suggests possible improvements.
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Bank guarantees in international trade
Šebesta, Ondřej ; Nejedlý, Michal (advisor) ; Baluchová, Daniela (referee)
This thesis deals with the security instrument known as a bank guarantee which is becoming more popular nowadays not only in international trade, but also at the domestic level. The aim of the thesis is to introduce the topic of bank guarantees in the light of theoretical and then practical aspects. After the initial description of bank guarantees and putting forward various international uniform rules the thesis deals, in its second chapter, with different types of bank guarantees. The third chapter pays attention to support of export of the Czech Republic through bank guarantees and their insurance with state support. An important part of the thesis is also a comparison of claims resulting from authorised or unauthorised drawing on the guarantee.
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The use of bank guarantees in international business, focusing on a comparison of various territories.
Žák, Pavel ; Taušer, Josef (advisor) ; Černá, Iveta (referee)
This thesis deals with bank guarantees, an instrument widely used especially in the field of international trade. The aim of this thesis is to characterize bank guarantees and their application in commercial relations. In relation with the growing use of bank guarantees in international business, the customary treatment of this challenging banking instrument will be analyzed and compared in different regions of the world -- i.e. Turkey, Syria, Iran, countries in the Organization for the Cooperation Council of Arab Gulf Countries and the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa, - with the international standards of the International Chamber of Commerce. This thesis may be helpful for understanding demand guarantees and, due to the lack of comprehensive information, it could assist companies that trade in the above areas and are required to issue a guarantee to their customers.
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Securing of contractual obligations in the international trade (economic and legal aspects)
Mišoň, Petr ; Švarc, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Koucká, Jiřina (referee)
The first part of the thesis deals with a description of legal relationships in the international trade and explains the term "international element." Further there is a short description of private international law and international trade law. The second part of the thesis is focused on securing of contractual obligations in the international trade. The third part concerns with explanation of the basic forms of legal relationships in the international trade regulation with regard to securing of contractual obligations. The final part of the thesis deals with a description of securing instruments used in the international trade. At the end of this part there are listed factors which influence the choice of a suitable securing instrument.
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Bank Guarantees in International Trade
Berková, Hana ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Michal (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyzes a wide range of possible employment of bank guarantees used in order to avoid risks in international trade. The first chapter generally characterises bank guarantees and principles of their functioning. Then it presents the internationally recognized rules that effectively regulate any kind of bank guarantee. Furthermore, it is concerned with the main interests of contracting parties. In the second chapter, various types of bank guarantees are distinguished. The fundamental division recognizes independent and accessory guarantees, direct and indirect gurantees, payment and finally non-payment guarantees that receive the most attention. The last chapter is practically aimed at the governmental support of Czech export and introduces preferential conditions for issue of bank guarantees by Czech Export Bank and related insurance offered by Export and Guarantee Insurance Corporation.
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Credit risk in export and methods of its hedging (illustrated on particular enterprise)
Krošlák, Peter ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to illustrate how enterprises deal with credit risk assisted by commercial banks. The thesis focuses on payment and hedging Instruments such as bank guarantee, documentary credit and documentary collection. The work is divided into three chapters and contains 13 attachments. The first part will be short introduction to different types of risks in international trade and namely credit risk. Second part is devoted to particular payment and hedging instruments. Last part is result of a research directly in the bank and illustrates the usage of these instruments in practical trade. It contains three cases, in which Slovak exporters, importers and suppliers used or were forced to use payment and hedging instruments.
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The Bank Instruments for the limitation of credit risks
Spěváčková, Jana ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Sedláček, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the bank instruments for the limitation of credit risks. Namely, it concentrates on the documentary credit and the bank guarantee. The thesis includes the definition of credit risks and the general characterization of the mentioned instruments. It describes in detail, how these instruments work and according to which rules, it explains the important concepts connected with this problems, it offers the overview of particular types of these instruments and it discusses the advantages and disadvantages connected with their use.
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