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The specifics of nursing care in women with gestosis
KOLPOVÁ, Ivana
Pregnancy, delivery and puerperium represent a biological strain for a woman. A healthy woman, however, overcomes it without major problems. Many pregnant women even feel better in pregnancy than out of it. Sometimes, however, the woman{\crq}s body cannot adapt to the new situation and therefore in overcomes the biological strain with exertion. In these women a group of symptoms develops, they are generally called gestosis. The gestoses are illnesses bound exclusively to the pregnancy and they require a specific nursing care. The objective of this project was to establish whether women with gestosis require a specific nursing care, and whether pregnant women with gestosis need specific information about their illness. The first hypothesis was proposed as follows: The women with gestosis need a specific nursing care. The second hypothesis says: Pregnant women with gestosis have sufficient information about their illness. The first hypothesis was confirmed by this research: the investigation has shown that women with gestosis require specific nursing care. The second hypothesis was also confirmed: pregnant women with gestosis have enough information about their illness. The research was carried out with a quantitative method by means of questionnaires. The questionnaires were handed out at the departments of obstetrics and gynaecology in the Písek Hospital Písek, a.s., České Budějovice Hospital, a.s., Jindřichův Hradec Hospital a.s. in te period from January to July 2007. A total of 79 questionnaires were processed. The work will be used in the teaching at the South-Bohemian University and published on the Internet.The objectives of this research were fulfilled. The specifics of the nursing care in women with gestosis were established, and also the information of pregnant women with gestosis about their illness. The specifics of the nursing care in women with gestosis include the measurement and monitoring of the BP, oedemas, the regulars weighing of the patients, the position on the left side is recommended, the midwife carries out various examinations, she cares for the patient in the sphere of hygiene, emptying and mental health. The majority of the women questioned (54 %) stated that they were adequately informed about their illness, 15 % thought that they were not sufficiently informed and 31 % did not know. In spite of the fact that the majority of the women (54 %) were sufficiently informed, which are somewhat more than a half, we think that the information should improve in the future - and this bachelor{\crq}s thesis could contribute to this. This bachelor{\crq}s thesis could also serve as the study material for the next years of midwives, as education material for midwives in practice, and published on the Internet.
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Specifics of measuring pressure in children
JANTAČOVÁ, Dana
The number children and young people with high blood pressure has been increasing. The current lifestyle is one of the contributing factors to the disease. The most adverse is poor quality diet and excessive intake of salt. Further, the energy expenditure is lower, e.g. due lack of physical activities. Many children and young people do not have enough information about the risks of high blood pressure and its prevention. It is critical to identify groups with a risk of hypertension, i.e. children and young people with the so-called ?high normal? blood pressure. At the beginning we set four objectives: to learn the blood pressure measuring techniques suitable for children ? using digital and mercury tonometers, to find 25 ? 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure, to instruct nurses, particularly in the primary care, about the correct technique of blood pressure measurement in children and to compare the values of blood pressure measured with mercury and digital tonometers. The research was conducted in basic and secondary schools in České Budějovice and in a pediatric surgery. The researched group consisted of children and young people aged 13 ? 18. To achieve the first objective we measured blood pressure in 613 children with a digital tonometer and to achieve the second objective we measured blood pressure in 50 children both with mercury and digital tonometers. The results have been presented in form of tables. We found out that it was not necessary to examine more children, as we had expected, to get a sample group of 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure. Further, we found out that there was no significant difference between the values measured with a mercury tonometer and with a digital tonometer. The results have shown that it is essential to use the correct technique for blood pressure measurement in children. Based on our findings we have developed an educational material for nurses.
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Analysis of eating habits in people with hypertension with the help of NutriDan programme.
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Eva
Hypertension, i.e. elevated blood pressure, ranks among the commonest civilization diseases affecting heart and blood vessels. The incidence rate covers about 25% of adults and it may have deadly consequences. The first step in treating the condition is a change in the way of life. The patients are encouraged to stop smoking; to take reasonable exercise; to reduce stress and, last but not least, to eat healthily. A diet can be assessed using NutriDan, a software leaning on a database of hundreds of foodstuffs having well-verified nutritional values. Health-care professionals can use the software tool to easily calculate the average daily intake of individual components present in a patient's diet. The tool considers the patient's age, physical activity, and the current nutrition. In compiling the paper the author used the software to analyze the nutritional habits of hypertonic patients. The research objective was pursued with reliance on the methods of qualitative survey and interrogation, using the technique of semi-controlled interview to be then made into casuistries. Contacted were hypertonic patients in České Budějovice - with a half of the respondents below 63 years of age and the other half over 63. To identify the quality and quantity of food, the author analyzed their nutritional records (their diet) for 7 days and evaluated the findings with the NutriDan tool. The survey covered 14 respondents whose nutritional records were analyzed to answer the researched question asking whether the daily volumes of energy, sodium, fats and cholesterol that the hypertonic patients received through their diet corresponded with standards recommended by the NutriDan software. The analyses showed that it was not the case. Results arrived at in the paper can be instrumental in mapping the issue of observing the diet provisions in hypertension patients, while the deficiencies found could be utilized to streamline the process of education followed to foster healthy life style.
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Public awareness concerning risk factors leading to hypertension
LEPŠÍKOVÁ, Leona
The public´s awareness about risks of hypertension Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the Czech republic. It is widely known that arterial hypertension is one of the factors that may subsequently lead to irreversible changes and death. Arterial hypertension together with its high prevalance among adults in industrial nations (20 - 30 %) represent a serious health problem. It is one of the most major risk factors of ischemic heart disease along with diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, obesity and smoking. The aim of this work is to establish whether the public are aware of and adhere to precautionary measures which lessen the risk of hypertension. There are two hypotheses: 1. The public know the risk factors in the rise of hypertension. 2. The public fail to maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. The research group was formed by the public in the Vysočina region. Data was collected using questionnaires. The questionnaires were addressed to respondents of all age groups. There were distributed 160 questionnaires altogether. The final number of questionnaires used for data processing amounted to 126 questionnaires. The results showed that the public in the Vysočina region are informed about risks of hypertension (obesity, overeating, a high intake of salt in food, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise and stress) and maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. To prevent hypertension from a frequent occurrence, it is essential to know of and avoid risk factors, to learn a healthy lifestyle and to realize that we ourselves are responsible for our health. It is, therefore, important to pay more attention to this problem and keep the public educated, e.g. through leaflets in GPs´ surgeries, and also this dissertation may serve the purpose.
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