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Healthy eating in kindergarten
MAROUŠKOVÁ, Iva
This Bachelor?s thesis deals with rational nutrition and nutrition as such and its importance for the health of children. In the theoretical part I define the terms related to nutrition and eating habits. The practical part contains results of a quantitative survey. I chose to use questionnaires for the survey the respondents of which included parents and kindergarten teachers. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether children during the pre-school years eat healthily and whether parents and kindergarten teachers think over their diet composition, and to identify the level of children?s eating habits and what eating habits parents find important.
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Evaluation of food habits at preschool-age children
MADEJOVÁ, Nina
Presented bachelor work set the target to review and evaluate the eating habits of children with preschool age. Research was carried out in chosen nursery school MŠ Palackého in years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Particularly 42 children (22 boys and 20 girls) were concerned in this survey. Age category was from 5 to 6 years. Generally the research was divided in three main parts. First part of bachelor work was based on snack and lunch evaluation from the point of view of macronutrients and micronutrients content followed by comparison with standards of particular age category. Next part of research includes the individual children Body Mass Index (BMI) evaluation taken at the beginning and at the end of the research together with the setting of percentile. Third part contains the study of eating habits outside the school based on questionnaire analysis. The result show that the energy intake from school meals did not exceed the 50% of boys recommended daily allowance and 55% of girls recommended daily allowance. Fat intake wasn?t within the norms either. Recommended daily allowance was fulfilled at 39% in case boys? case and 43% in girls? case. Carbohydrate was below the recommended average in case of boys but at the same time it reached the recommended level in girls? case. Contrarily the level of proteins was fulfilled highly above recommended norms of more than 60%. Level of calcium was also unsatisfying and it only reached the level of 24,5% of daily recommended level. Level of Iron (Fe) and Riboflavin (B2) was normative.
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Evaluation of public feeding practice in selected population groups
MACH, Karel
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of feeding habits of a selected human population segment in order to assess their understanding of issues related to nutrition and to basic components in their diet. For this purpose, a measuring instrument (a questionnaire) was designed. The first part contained questions related to respondent´s eating habits preferences, while the second part of questionnaire included questions examining the level of respondent?s nutritional awareness. In total 389 questionnaires were personally administered and completed by the respondents, under supervision of teachers. On the basis of the recorded answers it was found that, when purchasing food, the interviewed persons are governed mostly by the quality of it (37%). It was also discovered that, 40% of people preferred local foods to foods from abroad. Only 13% of respondents indicated their ?always or almost always? preference for ?bio foods?. It may also be said that, the three most popular dairy products are yoghurts (80%), milk (72%) and cheeses (72%), as opposed to fermented drinks (43%), which are the least consumed dairy products. Among the most popular meats the respondents included these three categories: chicken (83%), pork (73%) and beef (47%). The least favourite meat selected by respondents was mutton and lamb (35%). It was found that, 27% of the respondents follow information presented on food packaging but also that, 16% of the respondents do not follow packaging data, at all. According to the recorded frequency of occurrence the sum of correct answers can be said that most students answer 4 questions correctly. The recorded answer frequency counts show that most respondents answered correctly the following question: "What is bio food?" (94% of respondents). The worst answered individual question had to do with choosing foods with the highest ?Vitamin C? content, with only 7% being correct. On the basis of recorded answers it may be concluded that; the food consumption was influenced by the type of school which the respondents attended; as it appears related to the respondents´ age and their individual ability to decide on their food money spending. The questions that examined the level of information have shown that, the overall percentage of correct answers was increasing depending on the age of a respondent. The total percentage of correct answers kept increasing in relation to increasing age of respondents. No influence of gender on percentage totals of correct responses was demonstrated.
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Nutrition as a risk factor for acute pankreatitis
PECHUŠKOVÁ, Pavlína
Acute pancreatitis or acute inflammation of the pancreas is not one of the most common diseases. Pancreas is a vital organ involved in many important digestive processes and its infliction may be fatal. Patients with acute pancreatitis represent 1-2 % of patients hospitalized at surgical departments (Dobiáš, 2012). The most common ethiological factors of acute pancreatitis are cholelithiasis and excessive consumption of alcohol (Havel, 2004; Lukáš, 2007; Kasper, 2009; Svačina, 2010; Šimek, 2005; Špičák 2005). These factors together make up 80 % of the causes. Most often stated ratio is 3:1 in favor of cholelithiasis. Among rarely occuring causes are abdominal injuries, developmental anomalies of pancreas, drugs, hyperparathyreosis and uremia. This bachelor´s thesis deals with nutrition, eating habits and other factors that might cause acute inflammation of the pancreas. The aim of the thesis is to valorize eating habits of patients with acute pancreatitis and to evaluate how much is the excessive alcohol consumption involved in causing the desease. I set two hypotheses to achieve these goals: Hypothesis 1: The patients with acute pancreatitis followed principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2: The majority of respondents consumed excessive amount of alcohol before getting ill. Acute pancreatitis as a disease is described and defined in the theoretical part of the thesis. Then its occurence is cleared up, proved and suspected causes, clinical picture and process of treatment of the disease are elucidated. Dietary measures recommended for the patients are described in detail. I also delineate the principles of pancreatic diet and its phases. In conclusion the influence of the eating habits and suitable precautions are described. The results of my research are presented in the practical part of the thesis. The research was to evaluate eating habits of the patients with acute pancreatitis before the disease outbreak. Moreover the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the presence of another illnesses and the probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis were eximined. I have chosen quantitative research method. The research was conducted by the means of questionnaire survey at the wards of five different hospitals. The research sample consisted of 27 patients, both sexes and different ages, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The aim was to evaluate probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis and the role of diet and alcohol consumption. The results showed that the Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed. The patients didn´t follow the principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2 was not confirmed too. In most cases the patients didn´t consume more than the tolerated amount of alcohol per day. However, in comparison with the other factors, alcohol can significantly contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis. Futhermore, it was found that another risk factor for acute pancreatitis is cholelithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts, either currently or previously. Another interesting finding was that Body Mass Index of the patients is not directly correlated with their eating habits. The thesis brings knoledge about the causes of acute pancreatitis, about the eating habits´ influence and about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption. If causes are clear, prevention measures can be set easily. Nutritional recommendations based on the results could be set down for residents and it could thereby contribute to the reduction of occurence of the disease.
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Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
KRÁLOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of my bachelor work is Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness, which is for its high incidence in the population regarded as disease of civilization. There are approximately 15 000 000 people with diabetes type 1. according to the International Diabetes Federation, which is little over 7 % of the total number of diabetics. The aim of the bachelor work is to describe, through the research, eating habits found at patient type 1 diabetes and to map the reasons that lead to noncompliance of diabetic diet set by physician. So to answer the research questions: "What are the eating habits type 1 diabetic?" and "What are the reasons for patient to not follow recommended diet?" The research part is elaborated in the form of qualitative research using semi-structured interview. Total of seven diabetic patient in the age range from twenty-three to fifty years, provided the interview. The data were obtained from patients who were treated at diabetes physician MD Lenka Dohnalová in the diabetes clinic at a hospital in České Budějovice. Interviewing these patients was not purposely carried out in the presence of nurses or diabetologist in order to prevent degradation of the answers of interviewed persons. As result, the respondents were not afraid to tell the truth and the information obtained was as objective as possible. Patients were helpful and willing to give interviews. Respondents did not mention their names so the entire interview is anonymous. Everyone agreed to provide an interview and also agreed on being recorded. Two research questions were set and answered on the basis of anonymous interviews. Research Question No. 1: 1st What are the eating habits of type 1 diabetes patients? It is obvious that patients with diabetes were told that they should keep track of the number of carbohydrates eaten in the food. Six respondents use replaceable units to achieve it, 12 grams of carbohydrate equals 1 replaceable unit. One respondent does not recalculate the carbohydrates in the food on replaceable units, but is familiar with using the grams of carbohydrates. I was surprised by the answer on the special diet, a product formerly known as "dia," I did not expect that it consumes only one respondent. Beyond my original expectations is also surprising fact that neither of the respondents check the glycemic index in their food. Research Question No. 2: 2nd What are the reasons not to comply the recommended diet? It is obvious that patients try to comply the regime. None of the respondents currently have a problem with self-monitoring, application of insulin or consumption of food and beverages at school or at work. One respondent stated that she had these problems at work, and she is now on a disability pension. The results of the research are useful for health professionals who take care of diabetic patients. Intended use of the work in practice: Issuing this in diabetes clinics should support and enhance awareness of patients with diabetes about their disease.
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Comparison of level total cholesterol in serum for residents from Pilsen and Czech Budweis provided similar eating habits
FRAITOVÁ, Lucie
Measuring cholesterol is considered as a screening test used primarily to determine cardiovascular risk and monitoring lipid-lowering therapy. Since this is a screening examination, there is a need for further laboratory tests - the lipid profile (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides). Patients who get examined as a part of lipid-lowering therapy should follow a diet. These patiens need to be examined more frequently. Population of Czech Republic is considered at risk of early occurrence of atherosclerosis and its complications. Every year in the Czech Republic nearly 60 000 people die from cardiac and vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease increasingly affects younger age group. They are also a cause of disability of people of working age. One of the main indicators is high level of cholesterol. Accurate and precise measurement of blood cholesterol plays a role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of people with cardio vascular disease. The aim of this thesis is to: 1) Measure the total cholesterol sample population of Plzeň and České Budějovice 2) Compare and find differences in serum total cholesterol in both locations In the theoretical part of the thesis I was interested in what foods increase cholesterol and what foods can reduce high cholesterol. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes diseases that may occur during hypercholesterolemia. The basic ones include atherosclerosis and its complications, which include heart disease or stroke. Preanalytical factor that may significantly affect laboratory tests are described in this part too. The practical part describes everything from an intake of biological material in the laboratory through the preparation (centrifugation, creating aliquots) to insertion of a secondary sample into the analytical device. Research for the thesis was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of synlab czech s.r.o. in České Budějovice. In this part I investigate ? under supervision ? a total of 100 samples of venous blood from people of Plzeň and České Budějovice. I determined the total cholesterol in serum. Cobas Integra 800 automatic biochemical analyzer was used for the examination of the biological material. In routine practice enzymatic methods are used to determine levels of cholesterol. Cholesterol esters are converted by cholesterol esterase into free cholesterol and fatty acids. Free cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to form cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. The resultant hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol to form a red color and water. The color intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of cholesterol and is measured by absorption spectrophotometry at 512 nm.Measured laboratory results were statistically processed and neatly sorted into tables and graphs using the computer program. Data from Plzeň and České Budějovice were sorted according to gender and evaluated using graphs. The data sets were then compared to each other and the difference in cholesterol levels was registered. All the results are in the table and graphs. Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 29 samples from Plzeň and 27 from České Budějovice.
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Meals for Children in Nursery Schools As One of the Forms of Healthy Diet Support
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The object of this Bachelor Thesis is to find out whether parents and their children prefer a healthy and balanced diet. At present, when everyone is in a hurry and tries to make everything easier, the results are that we devote little time and attention to our diet and lifestyle in general. The proportion of frozen ready-made meals and the number of fast-foods increases, and many people do not have enough time when at home to prepare fresh meals for themselves. I am inclined to believe that proper eating habits remain during the rest of one?s life. I was therefore interested in how children eat after leaving the nursery school facilities. Being assisted by their parents, I monitored a selected group of children, focusing on their diets in their respective families. Further, I analysed with the parents their opinions on the menu setup in the nursery school. I interviewed children in the nursery school in a form of playing about which meals they preferred and what the term ?healthy diet? meant for them. The thesis conclusion evaluates the children?s eating habits.
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Rol of sacharides in nutrition
JURÁK, Ondřej
In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis basic characteristics of the sacharides were handled by form of literary searches. Further, the properties of basic cereals and cereal products were described, including the chapter about digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the human organism. Last part describes cereal products, especialy breakfast cereals, their prevalence and importance in the diet of school pupils and students. The aim of the research part of the bachelor thesis was to realize and analyse a questionnaire survey in the segments - pupils of higher grades of elementary schools and students of universities, focusing on the validation of the knowledge about carbohydrates, cereals and its consumption. The first partial aim was to determine the interest of pupils of higher grades of elementary schools and students of universities in different kinds of cereals products. The second partial aim was the comparison of the dieatary habits of pupils and students. On the basis of targeted objectives, three working hypotheses were formulated and verified. The validity of the first hypothesis - pupils of the second level of elementary schools have less knowledge about carbohydrates and cereals products than the students of universities, was confirmed by the analysis of responses from the questionnaires. The validity of the second hypothesis - students of universities prefer breakfast cereals more than pupils of higher grades of elementary schools, has also been confirmed. During the analyses of answers related to the third hypothesis - pupils of higher grades of elementary schools have better forenoon eating habits, than students of universities, it was found that students of universities have better eating habits than pupils of elementary schools, however pupils have better eating habits during snacks.
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Dietary habits and lifestyle in metabolic syndrome
TOMANOVÁ, Gabriela
ABSTRACT Title of the work: Eating habits and a lifestyle by metabolic syndrome This bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits and the lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome treated in diabetologic clinics. The work is divided into two main parts. The first (theoretical) part deals with the existing and newly discovered knowledge in the area of this issue, the eating habits and lifestyle. Primarily, I studied the issue and changes in MS. In the initial chapter I mention the main components and consequently I deal with most discussed changes in the recent years. The last specified part deals with the factors affecting the MS; here,I have been concerned with the most important categories, including eating habits, physical activity, smoking, genetics and stress. The second part (empirical) should clarify the problems in complying with good eating habits and lifestyle. It should prove the correctness and effectiveness of education in persons showing symptoms of MS. The work was designed as a quantitative research in which the target file was constituted by a selected sample of 120 respondents showing MS in diabetologic clinics. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire survey was used. The research confirmed a relatively good education and eating habits in patients with MS. During questioning it was found that 77% of respondents claim to have a sufficient amount of information and good eating habits. But a deeper examination of their dietary habits revealed that only 67% of them actually know how to eat properly. On the other hand, 23% of the observed patients lack of the information from a doctor, therefore they cannot have good eating habits. A positive result is that two thirds of patients educated in the diabetologic clinics are really able to eat properly and work with the information they receive. Unfortunately, the remaining 10% have enough information from their doctor, but they cannot work with the information so as to achieve the correction of dietary habits. A part of this bachelor thesis forms a health educational material that is destined for patients who do not have enough information or those who are familiar with the issue, but are interested to learn more.
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Options for preventing obesity of children 12 to 15 years
STUDNIČKOVÁ, Marika
At present, obesity ranks as one of the most frequent metabolic diseases caused by multiple factors. According to epidemiologic surveys, prevalence is on the increase, in particular in developed countries. It is also widely known that obesity in child age predetermines obesity in adulthood, when it is accompanied with increased risk of cardiac and metabolic complications. The present bachelor thesis engages in possibilities of prevention of obesity for children from 12 to 15 years of age. The theoretical part summarizes the most significant findings that relate to the aforesaid problems. The practical part focuses on the research conducted in issues of obesity. The authoress examines prevalence of obesity, eating habits of pupils or students, ways of spending free time and physical activities of children. The research applied a quantitative method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to elementary school pupils, in the age category of 12 - 15 years, within the range of 7th to 9th elementary school years. The main objective of the thesis was to ascertain how obesity affects a child?s life. A partial objective consisted in mapping the eating habits of children belonging to the older school age, and discovering to what extent physical activity acts on a child?s life. These objectives have been met. From the analysed sample of respondents, their BMIs were calculated and recorded in a percentile graph. The results revealed that 7.2 respondents suffer from obesity and 16.8 % children are overweight. Most of the children from the analysed sample have built up bad eating habits. Almost one third of the respondents attends no sports clubs and spends doing physical activities fewer than two hours per week.
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