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Effect of autumn and spring terms of azole regulators application on seed yield formation in winter oilseed rape
KRÁL, Petr
This thesis deals with the issues of the plant-growth regulators in winter rapeseed. The main part of the thesis is publishing a 2-years-old results of the year 2013/14 and 2014/15, which have been obtained from the small-plot experiments realized on the experimental land of the Faculty of Agriculture of The University of South Bohemia. Three kinds of varieties in a reduced and optimal seed quantity were included in these experiments: line (Remmy), hybrid (H906699) and variety PX 104. The optimal seed quantity was 50 seeds per square meter for a hybrid and PX 104 varieties and 60 seeds per square meter for a line variety. Reduced seed quantity was 33 seeds per square meter for the hybrid and PX 104 varieties and 40 seeds per square meter for the line variety. Three types of applications of the azole preparations were tested for each variety and seed quantity: the first control, the second - treatment in the autumn, the third option - treatments in the autumn and spring. All variants were realized in four repetitions. During the experiments it was observed the influence on the yield of seeds, weight of thousand seeds, percentage of oil, number of plants per square meter and content of the nitrogen compounds in the rapeseed meal. The highest increase of the yield (amounting to 0,94 t/ha) was recorded in 2014 in the variant of a hybrid variety with a density of 33 plants per square meter with autumn and spring application of growth regulators (control 6,82 t/ha, autumn + spring treatment by plant growth regulators - 7,76 t/ha). Similar results were achieved in 2015. In conclusion, it may be said that azole preparations achieve the best results in sparse stands of winter rapeseed.
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Possibilities of winter rape cropstands establishment
TUPÁ, Jiřina
This thesis is concerned by importance and possibilities of winter oilseed rape growths foundation. At first, thesis briefly describes characteristics of oilseed rape and its life cycle. At second, thesis summarizes the information about demands for nutrients of particular elements which are necessary for optimal yield index, health condition, problematic of adverse effects and hibernation, diversity of species and quality of seed production. Possibilities of growths founding are related to growing technologies, which are given by experience of leading worker and financial possibilities of a company. First possibility how to prepare ideal conditions for evolution and growth is usage of classic soil preparation. Thus to use a tillage which guarantees a quality conditions for strong and deep root, which is resistant to low temperatures and pulling off the soil, therefore to losses of plants and so that to decreases of yield. Next possibility is to use a system of minimizing preparation of soil, where the tillage is skipped and replaced by loosening of soil. In this process we to thoroughly take into account weed and second growth. In the last years the second system becomes more significant. Last system to found a growth is usage of direct sowing. This system is known as soil-protective cultivation and is used when there is a lack of time to prepare seedbed. The objective of the thesis is to determine the possibilities of oilseed rape growths foundation and to explain which differences and advantages are available in particular cases. Results of the researches show that the most suitable system is to process the soil by tillage and to use sowing combination. It guarantees accurate sowing and minimizes harvest losses.
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Importance of natural biotopes for the utilization of ecosystem services by ground beetles (Carabidae) in a winter rape field
KDOLSKÝ, Tomáš
This diploma thesis deals with the importance of semi-natural biotopes for the carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and benefits of these beetles for the production of the oilseed rape. Evaluation was done by measuring the diversity of communities of carabid beetles by pitfall trapping followed by the evaluation of total abundance, Shannon´s diversity index and the Shannon´s evenness index in the field oilseed rape and in the adjacent semi-natural biotopes. Diversity was measured at two locations (location A, B). Monitored biotopes of the location A were the meadow, the field, the unmanaged field boundary and the forest. At the site B, monitored biotopes were the meadow and the field. Carabid beetles were captured in one-week intervals continuously from May to September 2013. In total 3076 individuals represented by 78 species were captured. The most numerous species in samples were Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius, Poecilus versicolor, Pseudoophonus rufipes and Loricera pilicornis, which formed together 72 % of the total numbers. The monitored biotopes of location A did not differ significantly in total abundance (p = 0.13) nor in the Shannon´s eveness (p = 0.43). They differed by the diversity index (p = 0.03), but this accounted for difference between the field boundary and the forest biotopes (p = 0.04). No difference in the three measured parameters were found by the comparison the field sites and next semi-natural sites at locality A (i.e. meadow A/field A1, forest/field A2), nor by comparing the biotopes field and meadow in both the localities (A, B) in one model (p < 0.05). The results suggest the importance of the immigration of carabid from the semi-natural biotopes into the field, which supports the field populations of carabids and the ecosystem service of biological control provided by them.
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Usage of plant growth regulators and stimulators in oilseed rape cultivation
KRÁL, Petr
This bachelors thesis is about the regulators and plant growth stimulators in winter rape. First, it describes basic characteristics of winter rape, its life cycle and basic agricultural engineering. Then summarizes information about individual application of regulators and stimulators of growth and their effects on the formation of yield elements, health condition, easy hibernation and quality of seed production. The essay also includes the main structure of plant hormones and explanation of the physiological effects of active substances regulators and stimulators on winter rape plants. It also gives an overview of available commercial products which may be used for different applications.
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Rozšíření ekologického zemědělství na orné půdě v krajině‚ bioprodukce pro širší potravinářské a krmivářské využití
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta agrobiologie, potravinových a přírodních zdrojů, Katedra rostlinné výroby, Praha ; Dvořák, Petr ; Kuchtová, Perla ; Hučko, Boris ; Mudřík, Zdenek ; Kodeš, Alois ; Mičák, Libor ; Krejčířová, Lucie ; Bicanová, Eva ; Capouchová, Ivana ; Petr, Jiří
Součástí závěrečné zprávy jsou dílčí zprávy: Shrnutí výsledků pokusů s různými šířkami řádků za rok 2007 (struční výsledky odběrů rostlin a výnosové výsledky, Zhodnocení kvalitativních ukazatelů bioprodukce pšenice k využití pro různé užitkové směry, Odrůdy obilnin pro ekologické zemědělství, Výsledky jednotlivých odrůdových pokusů, Krmná hodnota zrna obilovin z ekologického pěstování, Skladba zásobních bílkovin pšenice ozimé z ekologického způsobu pěstování, Plísně a mykotoxiny u ekologicky vypěstovaných obilnin, Vliv dlouhodobého ekologického hospodaření na obsah přijatelných živin v půdě.
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Rating combine harvesters John Deere 9880 and New Holland CR 9080 at harvest of cereals and oilseed rape.
WEBER, Michal
The aim of this thesis was to compare the activity and quality of work of the combine harvester New Holland CR 9080 and John Deere 9880 STS at harvest of cereals and oilseed rape and their simple economic evaluation. The thesis was focused on comparing losses and influence of moisture of harvested crops on the size of the losses, on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues. Then the inf luence of moisture of harvested crops on the quality of crushing and the spreading of plant residues, analysis of performance and consumption of diesel were compared.
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Inducers and elicitors of systemic acquired resistance of rapeseed to Leptosphaeria maculans
Šašek, Vladimír ; Burketová, Lenka
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one of the sophisticated mechanisms used by plants to defend themselves against pathogen attacks and herbivorous insects. It is based on the activation of defense mechanisms in uninfected parts of the plant. As a result the entire plant is more resistant to a secondary infection. That is very advantageous for the plant because it is too costly to have defense responses switched on all the time. Although this phenomenon was described almost fifty years ago, it received no serious attention until past decade. To use SAR widespread in integrated pest management it is necessary to describe it on molecular level and show its differences in various host-pathogen interactions.
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