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Fractional Brownian Motion in Finance
Kratochvíl, Matěj ; Maslowski, Bohdan (advisor) ; Beneš, Viktor (referee)
This thesis deals with the stochastic integral with respect to Gaussian processes, which can be expressed in the form Bt = t 0 K(t, s)dWs. Here W stands for a Brownian motion and K for a square integrable Volterra kernel. Such processes generalize fractional Brownian motion. Since these processes are not semimartin- gales, Itô calculus cannot be used and other methods must be employed to define the stochastic integral with respect to these proceses. Two ways are considered in this thesis. If both the integrand and the process B are regular enough, it is possible to define the integral in the pathwise sense as a generalization of Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral. The other method uses the methods of Malliavin cal- culus and defines the integral as an adjoint operator to the Malliavin derivative. As an application, the stochastic differential equation dSt = µStdt + σStdBt, which is used to model price of a stock, is solved. Implications of such a model are briefly discussed. 1
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Stochastic Models in Financial Mathematics
Waczulík, Oliver ; Hurt, Jan (advisor) ; Večeř, Jan (referee)
Title: Stochastic Models in Financial Mathematics Author: Bc. Oliver Waczulík Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Hurt, CSc., Department of Probability and Mathe- matical Statistics Abstract: This thesis looks into the problems of ordinary stochastic models used in financial mathematics, which are often influenced by unrealistic assumptions of Brownian motion. The thesis deals with and suggests more sophisticated alternatives to Brownian motion models. By applying the fractional Brownian motion we derive a modification of the Black-Scholes pricing formula for a mixed fractional Bro- wnian motion. We use Lévy processes to introduce subordinated stable process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type serving for modeling interest rates. We present the calibration procedures for these models along with a simulation study for estima- tion of Hurst parameter. To illustrate the practical use of the models introduced in the paper we have used real financial data and custom procedures program- med in the system Wolfram Mathematica. We have achieved almost 90% decline in the value of Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics by the application of subordinated stable process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type for the historical values of the monthly PRIBOR (Prague Interbank Offered Rate) rates in...
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Black-Scholes models of option pricing
Čekal, Martin ; Maslowski, Bohdan (advisor) ; Beneš, Viktor (referee)
Title: Black-Scholes Models of Option Pricing Author: Martin Cekal Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Bohdan Maslowski, DrSc., Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics. Abstract: In the present master thesis we study a generalization of Black-Scholes model using fractional Brownian motion and jump processes. The main goal is a derivation of the price of call option in a fractional jump market model. The first chapter introduces long memory and its modelling by discrete and continuous time models. In the second chapter fractional Brownian motion is defined, appropriate stochastic analysis is developed and we generalize the notion of Lévy and jump processes. The third chapter introduces fractional Black-Scholes model. In the fourth chapter, tools developed in the second chapter are used for the construction of jump fractional Black-Scholes model and derivation of explicit formula for the price of european call option. In the fifth chapter, we analyze long memory contained in simulated and empirical time series. Keywords: Black-Scholes model, fractional Brownian motion, fractional jump process, long- memory, options pricing.
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Black-Scholes models of option pricing
Čekal, Martin
Title: Black-Scholes Models of Option Pricing Author: Martin Cekal Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Bohdan Maslowski, DrSc., Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics. Abstract: In the present master thesis we study a generalization of Black-Scholes model using fractional Brownian motion and jump processes. The main goal is a derivation of the price of call option in a fractional jump market model. The first chapter introduces long memory and its modelling by discrete and continuous time models. In the second chapter fractional Brownian motion is defined, appropriate stochastic analysis is developed and we generalize the notion of Lévy and jump processes. The third chapter introduces fractional Black-Scholes model. In the fourth chapter, tools developed in the second chapter are used for the construction of jump fractional Black-Scholes model and derivation of explicit formula for the price of european call option. In the fifth chapter, we analyze long memory contained in simulated and empirical time series. Keywords: Black-Scholes model, fractional Brownian motion, fractional jump process, long- memory, options pricing.
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Stochastic Integrals Driven by Isonormal Gaussian Processes and Applications
Čoupek, Petr ; Maslowski, Bohdan (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Stochastic Integrals Driven by Isonormal Gaussian Processes and Applications Master Thesis - Petr Čoupek Abstract In this thesis, we introduce a stochastic integral of deterministic Hilbert space valued functions driven by a Gaussian process of the Volterra form βt = t 0 K(t, s)dWs, where W is a Brownian motion and K is a square integrable kernel. Such processes generalize the fractional Brownian motion BH of Hurst parameter H ∈ (0, 1). Two sets of conditions on the kernel K are introduced, the singular case and the regular case, and, in particular, the regular case is studied. The main result is that the space H of β-integrable functions can be, in the strictly regular case, embedded in L 2 1+2α ([0, T]; V ) which corresponds to the space L 1 H ([0, T]) for the fractional Brownian mo- tion. Further, the cylindrical Gaussian Volterra process is introduced and a stochastic integral of deterministic operator-valued functions, driven by this process, is defined. These results are used in the theory of stochastic differential equations (SDE), in particular, measurability of a mild solution of a given SDE is proven.
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Fractional Brownian motion
Rubín, Tomáš ; Maslowski, Bohdan (advisor) ; Kříž, Pavel (referee)
Fractional Brownian motion is a nontrivial generalization of standard Brownian motion (Wie- ner process). Definition leaves independence of increments, whereas dependence is controlled by the Hurst index. This paper deals with proofs of fractional Brownian motion's properties such as correlation of increments, selfsimilarity, long-range dependence and analytical pro- perties of its paths, i.e. Hölder continuity and nondifferentiability. Furthermore, the proof of the theorem about nondifferentiability is presented in a stronger form than it is usual in published papers about fractional Brownian motion. Further topics are simulations of the process's paths, suitable even for general Gaussian processes, and point estimators of the Hurst index. 1
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Stochastic evolution equations with multiplicative fractional noise
Šnupárková, Jana ; Maslowski, Bohdan (advisor) ; Hlubinka, Daniel (referee) ; Seidler, Jan (referee)
Title: Stochastic evolution equations with multiplicative fractional noise Author: Jana Šnupárková Departement: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Bohdan Maslowski, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: maslow@karlin.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The fractional Gaussian noise is a formal derivative of a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H ∈ (0, 1). An explicit formula for a solution to stochastic differential equations with a multiplicative fractional Gaussian noise in a separable Hilbert space is given. The large time behaviour of the solution is studied. In addition, equations of this type with a nonlinear perturbation of a drift part are investigated in the case H > 1/2. Keywords: Fractional Brownian Motion, Stochastic Differential Equations in Hilbert Space, Explicit Formula for Solution
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Valuation of financial derivatives
Matušková, Radka ; Hurt, Jan (advisor) ; Zichová, Jitka (referee)
In the present thesis we deal with several possible approaches to financial de- rivatives pricing. In the first part, we introduce the basic types of derivatives and the methods of trading. Furthermore, we present several models for the valuati- on of specific financial derivative, i.e. options. Firstly we describe Black-Scholes model in detail, which considers that the development of the underlying asset price is governed by Wiener process. Following are the jumps diffusion models that are extension of the Black-Scholes model with jumps. Then we get to jump models, which are based on Lévy processes. Finally, we will deal with the model, which considers that the development of the underlying asset price is governed by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst's coefficient greater than 1/2. All models are suplemented with sample examples. 1
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