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Phylogeny of Grey-bellied Pygmy Mouse (\kur{Mus triton}) complex
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
The Grey-bellied Pygmy Mouse (Mus triton) has been for a long time considered as a single species, although validity of the single species status was questioned. In order to revise current taxonomy of M. triton, I analyzed sequences of one mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and two nuclear genes (IRBP and Intron 7 of the fibrinogen) from specimens collected across the most of its known distributional range. Four well-supported phylogroups at species level, differentiated during the Plio-Pleistocene, were evidenced. Divergence dating suggests that the diversification of "triton" species complex was likely caused by Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations together with highly diverse topography of Eastern Africa
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Using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) as a non-invasive method to studying fixed parasites
Mašová, Šárka ; Neděla, Vilém ; Tihlaříková, Eva
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is popular and for taxonomy of parasites very important and not substituted method in many times. However sometimes taxonomists have only one specimen and cannot use classical SEM, because their sample (poor conductor) have to be fixed, dehydrated and coated before it can be observed. This method condemns samples for destroying and do not allow other using of it, e.g. for molecular study or depositing as type material in museum. Moreover, the specimen preparation is often long and slow. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) brings two main advantages: elimination of speed of sample preparation and non-invasivity.
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Diatoms of Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, with a detailed account on taxonomy and morphology of several remarkable species
VESELÁ, Jana
This thesis was focused on studying diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. First, the park is introduced and the preliminary study of freshwater algae, including diatoms, is presented. Extraordinary species richness of algae was discovered, especially in the group of diatoms, which is documented by a complete list of 674 diatom taxa in 92 genera encountered in the freshwater and brackish habitats within the park. Of those a considerable number of species unfortunately remained unidentified, as they did not conform to any described taxon in the available scientific literature. Therefore, several of those unnamed taxa were studied in close detail using light and scanning electron microscopes, exhaustive literature and herbaria search, and yielded description of three new species from genus Eunotia, and rediscovery of two rare and almost forgotten Surirella species.
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Monozoic tapeworms of the genus \kur{Monobothrium} (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) from the Palaearctic and Nearctic zoogeographical regions
ČAPKOVÁ, Lenka
The genus Monobothrium Diesing, 1863 includes two Palaearctic species (parasitizing cyprinids, possessing postovarian vitelline follicles, lacking an external seminal vesicle and having digitiform or cuneicrispitate scolex) and five Nearctic species (parasitizing catostomid fish, lacking postovarian vitelline follicles, possessing an external seminal vesicle and having loculomonobothriate, monobothriate or loculotruncate scolex). Based on these morphological differences, supported by preliminary molecular data, five North American species (originally placed in Monobothrium) are proposed to be transferred to Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 as new combinations. European species Monobothrium auriculatum Kulakovskaya, 1961 should be transferred to Caryophyllaeus Gmelin, 1790 as C. auriculatus n. comb. As a result of this transfer, Monobothrium becomes monotypic, with M. wageneri Nybelin, 1922 representing its only species.
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Taxonomic study of the Eurasian taxa of Tortula muralis (Pottiaceae, Musci) complex
KOŠNAR, Jiří
The thesis aims at clarifying the taxonomic difficulties in the Tortula muralis complex. For the first time, the group was studied by means of morphometric analysis, ploidy level assessment by flow cytometry, and molecular analysis based on sequencing of ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Morphometric and cytometric studies found only two well distinguished groups within the complex. These groups corresponded to the markedly variable species T. muralis and to the rather uniform species T. lingulata. Variability in ITS sequences suggested extensive gene flow among some of traditional morphologically defined taxa of the complex. Multiple polytopic autopolyploid origin of polyploids was revealed in some taxa. Changes in taxonomic conception of T. muralis complex were proposed in order to reflect structure of morphological, karyological, and DNA variability in the group. Natural hybridization is probably an important evolutionary mechanism that generated morphological diversity and taxonomic complexity in the mosses of T. muralis complex.
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Phylogeny, Phytogeography, and Taxonomy of Polar Oscillatoriales
STRUNECKÝ, Otakar
Morphological and phylogenetic diversity of 143 strains belonging to Oscillatoriales with focuson traditional genera Phormidium sensu lato and Microcoleus were studied. The 88 strains of Ph. autumnale, Ph. setchelianum, Ph. subfuscum, Ph. favosum etc., and M. vaginatus confirmed the generic identity with typical Microcoleus Desmazi?res ex Gomont. The necessary nomenclatoric transfers were realized defining the revised genus Microcoleus. Based on phylogeny and morphology the taxonomic revision of the Antarctic species Ph. murrayi (Lyngbya murray West & West) was implemented and the genus Wilmottia was established. The phylogenetic evaluation of morpho-species included in Phormidium group I (Ph. lloydianum and Ph. acuminatum Gomont) preceded the definition of species Oxynema thaianum spec. nova. The biogeography of Antarctic and Arctic strains of M. vaginatus (Ph. autumnale) based on 16S rDNA and ITS (internal transcribed spacer of the 16S rDNA -23SrDNA ribosomal operon) sequences and strain's morphology was evaluated. The comparison of polar and non-polar strains indicated that the Antarctic populations of M. vaginatus remained isolated from time of the isolation of the Antarctica from the Gondwana before ~31?45 Ma, whereas the transport of populations within Arctic is relatively frequent even at the present time. It was shown that the polar strains of M. vaginatus from the north and south polar areas were not identical.
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Anabaena - Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of planktonic strains in fishponds and reservoirs of the Czech Republic
ZAPOMĚLOVÁ, Eliška
Morphological diversity of 61 Anabaena populations of 13 morphospecies was described under the field conditions of Czech fishponds and reservoirs. Polyphasic approach was then applied in classification of 45 clonal strains isolated from those populations. Detailed morphological analyses were performed and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for 33 of the strains, and secondary metabolite production was evaluated in 20 strains. Plasticity of morphological characteristics under varied conditions of light, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in selected strains, as well as their temperature and light growth requirements. The results were then discussed with respect to the delimitation of single Anabaena morphospecies. A new genus Sphaerospermum was defined for the morphospecies Anabaena kisseleviana, A. reniformis and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides, whose phenotypic and genotypic features differed considerably from all other Anabaena morphospecies. Unique information was provided on the occurrence and distribution of A. reniformis and Aph. aphanizomenoides in the Czech Republic.
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Taxonomy of selected groups of the genus \kur{Caloplaca}
ŠOUN, Jaroslav
The thesis deals with phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature of selected groups of the lichen genus Caloplaca. Particularly, the C. cerina group was closely investigated using molecular methods (ITS sequences), morphology and chemistry, based on material from Europe, and to some extent also from North America and western Asia. This approach resulted in the description of three new species (C. sterilis, C. subalpina, C. thracopontica), and detected an unexpected richness of lineages. Nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology and ecology of C. aurantia and C. flavescens from the C. aurantia group were studied in detail, including selection of the neotype of the former species. Their distribution was reviewed for the territory of the Czech Republic. Poorly known taxon C. aurantiomurorum from Algeria was lectotypified and synonymized with C. aurantia. Apart from the two groups, C. phlogina and C. scythica, differing partly in thallus colour and distinctly in distribution, were examined using both molecular (ITS sequences) and phenotypic data and found to be conspecific.
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XBRL Data Standard
Najmanová, Veronika ; Vašek, Libor (advisor) ; Procházka, David (referee)
This paper examines and summarizes the data standard XBRL. The paper explains taxonomies and describes the most important institutions involved in the development and adoption of XBRL as a format for reporting financial and non-financial information in the world. Most attention is devoted to the implementation of XBRL in various parts of the world and in the Czech Republic. The practical part is focused on the possibilities of using XBRL in the Czech Republic and the evaluation of readiness of the Czech environment for the adoption of XBRL in comparison with other countries in the world.
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Systematics of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the family Baetidae
SROKA, Pavel
The current thesis reviews a cross-section of studies dealing with several problems of systematics of the mayfly (Ephemeroptera) family Baetidae. It is based on classic morphological characters as well as molecular-based methods in order to solve specific taxonomic problems and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the selected taxa.
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