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Land-use planning as an instrument for environmental protection
Hromek, Tomáš ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
104 Abstract in English Územní plánování jako nástroj ochrany životního prostředí Town and country planning as an instrument of environment protection Together with atmosphere and water, the solid part of the Earth's surface (soil) is one of the constituents of the environment. Proper environment is an essential condition for the existence of human life, and not human life only. Building a construction or facility in an area results in significant changes of the environment. The more densely an area is populated, the more significant are the changes of the environment regarding the quality of human life. The town and country planning, according to Czech law, is a complex mechanism which makes provisions for placement of constructions and facilities. Procedures (actions) making up the mechanism of town and country planning can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, legally binding concepts (plans) are created. In the second, decisions on the placement of particular constructions and facilities are made, in accordance with the authorized concepts (plans). With respect to the above-mentioned, the environment needs to be sufficiently protected during both stages. Since the beginning of 2007, a new Building Act making thorough provisions for town and country planning is in effect. Regulations concerning...
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Climate change and its effect on insurance industry
Landa, Josef ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kiovský, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change is an undisputable fact. However it has not been found out yet with certainty what role does the human activity play and how is climate change influenced by nature cycles. A major role play greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. These gases are linked to various issues, one of them being the global warming. In order to reduce the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, various conferences on climate change took place. During meetings participants have been trying to find a solution for gradual reducing level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will probably result in more severe natural catastrophes, according to renowned scientists. Most probably there will be a rising occurrence of tropical cyclones, severe droughts or a change in rain precipitation throughout the world. Future predictions are not clear yet and there is still no common agreement among scientists about how the future developments will be. However there is a clear increasing trend in the amount of insured losses, economic losses and the number of catastrophic events, which influences insurance industry. This trend could be caused by more elements, including increasing insurance penetration, increasing concentration of economic values or increasing migration into hazard zones. Climate change can also be partly to blame for the negative developments of insured losses and therefore insurance industry should play a major role in an effort to assess possible future risks in order to decrease its vulnerability to future risk developments. Indemnity rise makes insurance companies and the whole industry more vulnerable to insolvency and thus new ways to diversify risks are being searched for. Cooperation between public and private sector is one of the solutions which help to make almost uninsurable risks insurable. However, there are still risks that are almost unbearable by cooperation of these two sectors. Alternative risk transfer to capital market is one of solutions for mitigating the possibility of huge future losses. In the process of an alternative risk transfer, investors are participating in catastrophe risk development through e.g. catastrophe bonds. Bonds give investors an opportunity to further diversify their portfolio and receive an attractive yield in return to an exposure to a risk of a big catastrophe loss which could result in installment cut, installment annulment or even principal annulment depending on the severity of the catastrophe. Through these risk transfer methods catastrophe losses of huge extents can be spread to more parties, helping to decrease the risk of default of parties and thus increasing the probability of liabilities settlement.
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Modification of HVOF and cold spray deposited coatings via electron beam technology
Vacek, Petr ; Šiška, Filip (referee) ; Čížek, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to modify microstructure and coating-substrate interface of CoNiCrAlY coatings deposited by HVOF and cold spray on Inconel 718 substrates. Electron beam remelting and annealing in a protective atmosphere were used to modify the coatings. Microstructure, chemical and phase composition were analyzed. The effect of beam current, transversal velocity and beam defocus on remelted depth was evaluated. As-sprayed microstructure and chemical composition of coatings were analyzed and compared with remelted samples. The effect of annealing of the as-sprayed and remelted samples was evaluated. Remelted layers exhibited dendritic structure. Chemical composition changed only after remelting of interface and part of a substrate. When only the coating was remelted, chemical composition remained the same. Phases coarsened after the annealing. Chemical composition changed after annealing due to the diffusion.
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Wind Influence on the Traffic Airports in the Czech Republic
Švec, Michal ; Hammer, Jaromír (referee) ; Krška, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with surface wind, which is the wind that influences or limits take-offs and landings of aircrafts. It firstly mentions the meteorological causes of the wind, its characteristics in the atmosphere, effect of the ground relief to the wind and dangerous meteorological phenomena for aviation, which are caused by the wind. The next part is focused on the wind measurement from the general and practical point of view, which includes today’s measuring instruments. It describes the issue of wind components and their effect on take-offs and landings of airplanes, wind in meteorological reports and forecasts and AWOS system. Afterwards the evaluation of surface wind at Karlovy Vary airport was made using the described scales and methods.
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Response of the Federal Reserve System to the current financial crisis
Zelba, Michal ; Koderová, Jitka (advisor) ; Dohányos, Vojtech (referee)
Objective of this paper is to assess efficacy and feasibility of measures undertaken by the Federal Reserve system during the financial crisis that erupted in the year 2007. Firstly, origin of central banking in USA is described, then structure and mandate of Fed. Discussion of causes of the financial crisis follows. This work sheds light on policies of Fed after the beginning of the crisis and analyzes their efficiency and suitability. The biggest focus is on quantitative easing and on its effects on long-term interest rates.
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Validation of atmosphere prediction model in meso-scale
Mejstřík, Tomáš ; Žák, Michal (advisor) ; Řezáčová, Daniela (referee)
In this thesis, we are aimed at various physical principles of convective parametrization. First, traditional parametrization schemes are described. This schemes are based on hypothesis of quasi-equilibrium between large-scale processes and convective activity and suggestion about negligible mesh fraction of convection in grid-box. But, passing to resolution in the range below 10 km, the deep convection si partly subgrid, partly resolved. A new generation of prediction with high horizontal resolution is now introduced. This model has new prognostic convective scheme with new description of interaction between convective mass transport and microphysical computation of clouds and precipitation. A prognostic scheme has been used for the vertical velocity of udraft and downdraft and more elaborate microphysics, include effect of autoconversion, evaporation and sedimentation of precipitation. These models are expected to forecast many atmospheric events much more precisely (e.g. strong convection). Validation of model in experiments at different resolutions is the main task of this work. Comparsion of new developed model with model currently used, sensitivity study of new components, are presented.
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Global Environmental Agreements and Their Effectiveness
Tachecí, Petra ; Chlapcová, Ivana (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with global environmental agreements and their effectiveness. Its aim is to disclose the causes of success of some agreements and, on the contrary, the motives of failure of other agreements. In the theoretical part, the specialities of the environmental problems are illustrated, followed by the introduction to the international environmental law and agreements. In the practical part, two well-known international agreements concerned with atmosphere are compared. They deal with similar problem, but they achieved very different results. The objective of step-by-step comparison of diverse aspects of both agreements is to discover what factors caused the great success of the Montreal Protocol in protecting the ozone layer and why the similarly conceived Kyoto Protocol failed in the combat against climate change. Last chapter concludes this comparison and defines key characteristics which are essential for the effectiveness of the global environmental agreements.
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Effect of stimulation intensitz thigmonastie on the growth of seedlings \kur{Mimosa pudica}
KELÍŠEK, Michal
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different frequency irritation on growth, morphology or seedling mortality of Mimosa pudica. During preparation of the experiment were seeded 200 seeds of M. pudica but only 48 plants were used due to low germination of seeds . They were divided into three groups of equal number and these groups was placed one beside the other in a warm greenhouse with the same temperature and light conditions. The experiment started when sufficient size was reached (approximately 4 leaves per plant). The first ( control ) group was not irritated, the second group was irritated 5 times per day and the third group 15 times per day. Three times during the experiment (1. 9., 11. 9. and 21. 9. 2014) were measured length and counted the number of leaves. During the last measurement was cut and weighed aboveground part of the plants. Also number of internodes in all plants was recorded. During the experiment was also monitored the number of blossoms. All measured values were entered into tables and then statistically evaluated. In the experiment was found that the different frequency irritation affects the stem length and the final weight of the plants. The effect on the number of blossoms, leaves and internodes was not shown. There was no mortality in any of three groups.
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Effect of preparation conditions on the structure and properties of hybrid light curing composites
Škriniarová, Nina ; Ing. Vladimír Pavelka. Ph.D. (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis was to implement and evaluate series of experiments focused on the impact of mixing conditions and component dispensing on the structure and properties of hybrid polymer composite materials for resistant dental fillings. There were suggested some preparation methods and subsequently some mechanical properties of prepared samples were measured. Short non-formable polymer fibers in combination with filler particles of various particle sizes were added into the matrix. As matrix a polymer, light curable monomer mixture based on urethandimethacrylate and dodecandioldimethacrylate was used. Tensile deformation curves of prepared samples were measured. Morphology of prepared composites was observed by surface fractography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples were evaluated by comparing of tensile curves and morphology observed on SEM slides. The best way of component mixing and dispensing was evaluated based on comparison of experiment results and properties predicted by existed models.
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Discrimination, information and cognitive effects : evidence from a field experiment in the Czech rental housing market
Bartoš, Vojtěch ; Princ, Michael (referee) ; Bauer, Michal (advisor)
Aim of this thesis is to shed light on discriminative behavior of landlords in the Czech rental housing market using our data from a double blind Internet field experiment. The experimental design allows us to study the processes of choice of the landlords deciding about inviting or not inviting a particular member of a minority group to a visit of the offered flat. We control for various characteristics that may influence the resulting outcome and we try to disentangle their effects. Mainly we control for the minority group effect, for the effect of education and several cognitive factors that, according to a rich socio-psychological and behavioral-economical literature, affect the decision making. We introduce an innovative tool that allows us to study landlord's behavior using a special online mouse tracking program based on widely used MouseLab. The thesis is a part of a comprehensive research studying discrimination of minorities and the role of information in the Czech rental housing market.
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