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Výzkum pro hospodaření s odpady v rámci ochrany životního prostředí a udržitelného rozvoje (prevence a minimalizace vzniku odpadů a jejich hodnocení): Vybrané odpady – autovraky a elektroodpad
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Hudáková, Věra
Je sledován obsah nebezpečných látek, které se vyskytují v dosud nevyužitelných frakcích odpadů, které vznikají z drcení autovraků a elektrozařízení a většinou končí na skládkách. Jedná se hlavně o odpady z výrobků, u kterých ještě nebylo směrnicemi EU při jejich výrobě používání těchto látek zakázáno. U odpadů z autovraků je sledován obsah Pb, Hg, Cd, CrVI, PBB, PBDE. V odpadech z elektrozařízení jde o sledování obsahu Pb, Hg, CrVI, PBB, PBDE, které je na základě doposud používaných materiálů při výrobě rozšířeno o As, Be, Sb, a Se. Byla navržena metodika stanovení těžkých kovů v přenosných elektrochemických článcích a připraven technický podklad pro sladění evidence odpadů ve vyhlášce č. 352/2005 Sb. s ostatními právními předpisy.
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Hodnocení stavu životního prostředí: Monitoring cizorodých látek v potravních řetězcích: Zajištění systému kontroly jakosti (správné laboratorní praxe). Monitoring vybraných cizorodých látek ve vybraných složkách
Česká zemědělská a potravinářská inspekce, Praha ; Český ekologický ústav, Praha ; Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha ; Suchánek, Miloslav ; Volka, Karel
V první zprávě je navržen systém auditu a validace správné laboratorní praxe v síti monitorovacích laboratoří. Je připraven návrh na vznik Národní referenční laboratoře pro metody monitorování životního prostředí a pro systém správné laboratorní praxe. Druhá zpráva přináší výsledky monitorování kontaminace těžkými kovy (kadmium, olovo, rtuť, zinek, měď, nikl, arsen), polychlorovanými bifenyly, organochlorovými pesticidy a polyaromatickými uhlovodíky ve 22 vybraných lokalitách a jejich interpretaci.
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Conflicts at work of managing nurse
BAMBASOVÁ, Radka
Nurse-manager is a person, who supervises a group of workers and is responsible for the work progress. There are always conflicts that a nurse-manager has to deal with. Most of the conflicts are of a personal character. One can divide these conflicts into intrapersonal, interpersonal, group and inter-group ones. From the psychological point of view conflicts can be divided into imagination-, opinions-, attitude- and interest-ones. The point is not in the conflict itself but in the way the nurse-manager copes with it. Choice of a right strategy can guarantee a successful conflict resolution and proper care for patients. Relationship management depends mostly on the manager personality. Also her skills and abilities matter. The goal of this paper was to find out whether interpersonal conflicts are the most common ones the nurse-manager has to deal with. The second goal was to describe the way the nurse manager leads people during conflict resolutions. The last but not least goal of this work was to find out if the nurse-manager had been skilled for the conflict resolutions before she started her job. To get data for my work I distributed questionnaires among nurse-managers from hospitals in Ceske Budejovice and Pisek. Upon collected information three hypotheses were formulated: Firstly, interpersonal conflicts are common in the profession of a nurse-manager. This hypothesis was confirmed. All conflicts depend on the people involved in the conflict. Secondly, nurse-managers pursue a democratic style of managing. This hypothesis was confirmed. Finally, nurse-managers are not fully trained for conflict resolutions before they start their job. This hypothesis was also confirmed. Most of the interviewed nurse-managers admitted that they do not know the right procedure during conflict resolutions. I would like to present my work during seminars, presentations and articles in the press. I would also like to offer my paper to the top management in hospitals where they can use it as a guide for better conflict resolution and for training purposes.
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Evaluation of fish contamination in selected fishing districts
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
The object of this thesis is the assessment of fish contamination by selected foreign substances as toxic metals, polychlorinated bifenyls and dioxines in selected fishing districts. For the thesis' purpose the attractive fishing districts Vltava 20 - Kořensko (421090), Údolní nádrž Rozkoš (451200), Odrava 1 ? ÚN Jesenice (431200) and Vltava 28 P (423040) were selected. Fish were caught by electric device and fishing rods. Foreign substances content monitoring was made in fish muscle tissues from selected locality. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, PCB, DDT, HCH, HCB, and dioxines in fish muscle tissues were monitored.
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The character of antropogenic soil contamination with lead.
NOVOTNÁ, Monika
The goal is both to summarize information obtained from the literature on the properties of lead and its geochemical position especially in forest soils and the specific contaminated site to assess the isotopic signatures as the likely origin of lead in soil study area. Compiled a literary review mainly concerns the influence, resources and effects of lead on the environment, the characteristics of the soil, their chemistry and their degradation. The experimental section describes the characteristics of the sampling sites, techniques of collecting and processing samples for analysis, the chemicals used and the analysis results. EDTA-extractable content (bioavailability) of lead in soil samples is the most accumulated in the humus (H) organic horizons, because they have the greatest sorption capacity. We found average levels of EDTA-extractable lead in forest soils assessed range from 8.5 to 28.6 mg.kg-1 DM with a mean of 17.6 mg.kg-1 DM only three of the eight sampling sites (Large niva, and East Hill Chlustov Radvanovické saddle spruce forest) exceed found containing 30 mg.kg -1 . Observed isotopic ratios in large floodplain locations (from the spruce forest east Lenora) and Radvanovické saddle (spruce forest and beech wood from south of Lenora) are similar to those already previously identified signature of lead in river sediments by Lenora.
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Dangerous substances in electrical apparatus
VÁVROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of dangerous substances in electric aparatus on environment and also on human. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe toxicological characteristics of dangerous substances in electric apparaus and to find out people´s awareness about electro apparatus hazardousness and electric waste by mean of questionnaires. The thesis first descibe the laws concerning this problem either from the view of dangerous substances or from the view of dangerous waste. Furthermore in the thesis the data taken out of two age groups by questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were focused on the knowledge of dangerous substances and dangerous waste. Toxicological characteristics of dangrous metals are also descbibed in this part.
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The Content of Mercury and Lead in Sediments from Vltava River and Lipno Reservoir.
MAŘÍKOVÁ, Helena
The aim of this thesis was to define and evaluate the load of sediments by exposure of mercury and lead on the upper flow of the Vltava river and in the Lipno lake. To evaluate possible influence of the glass factory in Lenora for pollution of this area by toxic metals mentioned above. The literature survey refers about problems of mercury and lead content in fresh water and reservoirs sediments, the structure of toxic heavy metals and risks of their release in the enviroment, then in chemical composition of water reservoirs. It also engages in glass manufacturing problems in the glass factory in Lenora, especially the raw materials, which where obviously used for its manufacture. Experimental part describes profile of sampling points, working methods, used chemicals and results of individual analyses. Sediments of the Lipno reservoir and the upper flow of the Vltava river aren{\crq}t seriously loaded with mercury or lead, but in the sediments below Lenora was shown multiple increase of lead and mercury content in comparison with the background. Forest soils has higher mercury content in all localities in comparison with the sediments. On the contrary, the content of EDTA-extractable lead in soils is lower. Detected isotopic ratio of lead 206/207 and 208/206 in sediments of the Vltava river below the glass factory in Lenora have different signature in comparison with the signature of sediments from the Vltava river above the glass factory. On the contrary the signature of lead in all sediments of the Lipno reservoir showed values relevant to natural background of this locality. The structure which corresponds to the lead from the glass factory was also surprisingly detected in humic horizont of the forest soils in Lenora{\crq}s surroundings. The thesis was extended with fish samples from Lipno reservoir and their liver{\crq}s load by lead and mercury content. There were determined isotop ratio (signature) of lead in the fish, the izotop ratio of lead not corresponds to the lead signature from the glass factory in Lenora.
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Cd and Pb Speciation in Thlaspi caerulescens Presl Rhizosphere
Jakl, M. ; Jaklová Dytrtová, J. ; Šestáková, Ivana ; Tlustoš, P.
In this study the influence of Thlaspi caerulescens Presl rhizosphere on Cd and Pb complex formation and their total amount in soil solution of contaminated fluvisol from Litavka river alluvium was investigated. The soil solution was sampled from roots surrounding and from bulk behind rhizobag. The content of free Cd and Pb ions was measured by the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in unchanged pH and in pH 2 in rhizosphere and bulk soil. The bimetallic Cd-Pb-oxalic acid complexes were detected in unchanged pH only.
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