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Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates
Kopecký, Jakub ; Kaderka, Petr (advisor) ; Kraus J., (referee) ; Orgoňová, Olga (referee)
Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates Abstract This dissertation concentrates on the sequential structure of argumentation in spoken interaction. The point of departure is the concept of argumentation as linguistic action based on accounting for a controversial position with the purpose of convincing listeners of its acceptability or in order to defend it when it is challenged. The dissertation's specific aim is to describe the interactional context of argumentation using material from TV debates. The study utilizes ethnomethodological conversation analysis combined with elements of argumentation theory. The objects of empirical analysis are the types of linguistic action in argumentation interaction (e.g. the call for argumentation or the challenge to a position or argument) and the means of signaling argumentation. The research focuses on the analysis of the sequential organization of the TV debate, including the system of turn-taking, and on describing the sequential contexts of the argumentation in this genre. Attention is devoted to so-called argumentative sequences, i.e. series of mutual argumentative responses (problematizations) by the debate participants. Also examined are other types of linguistic action which initiate argumentation by...
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Extreme Case Formulations in the Research Interview
Zaepernicková, Eliška ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlík, Martin (referee)
The following thesis analyses the form and importance of extreme case formulations based on more than 10 research interviews. Extreme case formulations, i.e. formulations comprising expressions such as "nothing", "everything" or "noone", which present a phenomenon or a circumstance according to its minimal or maximal properties, can constitute a complication in the analysis of research interviews. This thesis expand the existing hypothesis of extreme case formulations by adding new findings, for example the bipolarity of extreme case formulations. In the analysed data, these do often occur together with different clasifiers, which either weaken (softeners) or strengthen (intensifiers) their extreme force. At the same time the following thesis broadens the research of extreme case formulations of interdisciplinary approach, which uses the findings from psychology and rhetoric. The conducted research is furthermore completed with the acoustic analysis of semantically extreme formulations, whose results show that extreme case formulations often tend to be acoustically emphasized. Keywords: extreme case formulation, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, interview, Czech
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Compliments in informal private discourse
Dvořáková, Klára ; Filippová, Eva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze communication functions, verbal and nonverbal means of compliments in Czech which occur in private informal discourse. Material for this analysis was collected from audiovisual and audio recordings of communication between family members and friends. As for the identification of the communication functions of compliments the method of conversation analysis was chosen. Functional classification was created based on the location of compliments in global organization of conversation, linguistic form of compliments and actions that compliments are performing or accompanying. Another part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means used at complimenting. The structures, lexical units and the most significant nonverbal means used in the production of compliments were identified. For the purpose of comprehensive description of compliment sequences we also analyze reactions to compliments.
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Turn-taking in an institutional discourse
Vaníčková, Klára ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Mrázková, Kamila (referee)
(in English): The thesis focuses on introducing a new topic in a conversation during meetings of Student Council of Faculty of Arts, Charles University (SR). To analyse 19 examples from SR environment, conversation analysis and unmotivated research were used. These methods confirmed the hypothesis - speakers follow the official rules of the organization during meetings. In conversations they proceed systematically; new topics are introduced by a chairman who also allows other speakers to start talking. Introducing of new topics is conditioned by the situation. If a remarkable situational action occurs, it becomes dominant in the conversation; however, after a solution has been reached, speakers return to the previous topic on the base of its re-introduction by a chairman.
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Intercultural mass media communication and the search of perfect language
Tesařová, Kristýna ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a qualitative analysis of a media dialogical network's extract regarding chemical attack in Syria on 21st August 2013. In spite of the fact that main social participant in the subsequent international conflict, representatives of United States of America and Syria, president Obama, Secretary of State Kerry on one side and president Assad on the other side, have never actually met face to face, mass media interconnected their reactions into a coherent dialogue between west and east civilization and they accepted it as a part of intercultural negotiation of different meanings and interpretations of reality within a global mass media discourse. Methodological apparatus of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis provides a tool to observe sequential and categorization aspects of a dynamic intertextual process of specification and respecification of the core cultural and political values in context. Thanks to the term structured immediacy it was also possible to consider sequential ordering of antecendents of the event in historical continuum. This analysis is based on ethnomethodological research of social interaction in mass media and is inspired by articles of J. Nekvapil und I. Leudar, which were dedicated to the analysis of intercultural...
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Feedback in Czech Language Courses for Foreigners
Plísková, Kamila ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Šormová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis explores teacher's feedback, its definition, types, and is specifically focused on feedback moves in context of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The aim of this thesis is to present current research on the feedback in the context of teaching a second/foreign language and describe how the feedback is used in Czech language courses for foreigners and what instruments teachers use for such purpose. The first part is focusing on the feedback as part of the educational dialogue and communication in the language classroom; introducing some concepts and hypotheses of second language acquisition in which feedback figures. We also provide a description of feedback, both positive and corrective, and we present current studies concerning feedback within language learning. The empirical part carries out conversational analysis of transcribed recordings of participant observation in Czech courses for foreigners, in which we focus on feedback moves of lecturers. The thesis includes glossary explaining relevant terms translated into Czech. Key words: Feedback, positive feedback, corrective feedback, communication in the language classroom, error correction, Czech for foreigners, conversation analysis
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Questioning Techniques in Spoken Media Discourse: Analysis of Authentic Data in Two Television Genres.
HLUŠÍ, Soňa
This paper analyses and compares questioning techniques in two different television genres. It employs the method of Conversation Analysis to identify the use and purpose of questions in media talk. Questions play a very important role in broadcast talk, and the paper looks at how they are used in interviews. It does this by examining the role of the interviewer, whose task is to create the structure of an interaction, determine the direction of conversation and obtain information, and their effect on the interviewee. The data of the two different television genres; the political interview and the talk show interview are analysed in order to compare questioning techniques and their effect on interviewees. The analysis is based on two different video recordings (one from each genre) and their transcripts.
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The use of the discourse marker 'che' in Rioplatense Spanish: a sociolinguistic approach.
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Markéta
The core of the present master's thesis is a sociolinguistic analysis of the conversational marker 'che' in Rioplatense Spanish. Initially, the history and concept of conversation analysis are presented. The process of grammaticalization and the classification of pragmatic markers are also described. Secondly, the author defines sociolinguistics and, on the basis of William Labov's work, explains methodological problems related to collecting real language data. The terms Rioplatense Spanish and 'porte?o' are widely described as well. Further, 'che' is investigated theoretically as a case of interjection that resulted in a conversational particle. The proper sociolinguistic investigation is based on three methods: introspection, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Functions of 'che', as well as its occurence according to different social factores are studied in this work.
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