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Hemp as an alternative fuel
Jaworská, Petra ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Hudák, Igor (advisor)
Bachelor thesis as literary research deals with possibilities of using hemp as an energy crop and its development and sustainability in the future. Production of hemp bio-fuels in Czech Republic is in the beginning but increasing interest in alternative energy sources presumes development in this branch. Producing bio-fuels made of hemp biomass brings many positive benefits in liquid, gas or solid states. Liquid biodiesel made of hemp presents alternative source of energy that can be used in common diesel engines. Hemp hurds briquettes are the most used hemp fuel in our country. Hemp briquettes has perfect properties in comparison to other sources. High heat of combustion, low purchase price and environmental friendliness gives motivation to create new growing branches. Second most common use is biogas fuel. Biogas is produced in usual biofermenter using hemp biomass often with admixture of slurry. Hemp biogas properties are also very satisfactory. In Czech Republic is huge potential in development and production of hemp biogas due to large number of biogas plants. Despite financially demanding processing of the hemp biomass the amount of biomass grow during one year makes this plant one of the most profitable alternative source for production of bio-fuels.
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Formation of seed yield and evaluation of health state in hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa} L.) cultivars
KUKLINA, Aleksandra
Hemp is a very usefull plant which can be grown for fiber, seeds and biomass. Although it is a plant from the group of alternative crops, and it is require more research and practical experiments. The main object of this bachelor work was focused on the formation of the yield of seeds in few varieties of hemp and the evaluation of seed quality. For the evaluating of yield formation was founded a plots field trial with 4 hemp varieties: Bialobrzeskie, Finola, Fedora 17, Fibrol. Further research on the composition of hemp seeds was continued on the varieties: Finola, Tiger, Fedora 17, USO-31 and Futura 75, obtained from a regional hemp grower. Proper choice of variety and basic agro-technology are the initial factors for successful seed yield formation. Further, in the first place as well, the density and the health status of the growth. In observing the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, there was confirmed a certain difference during the vegetation of the early and late varieties and the subsequent phenological changes of the plants. Hemp is a highly competitive crop against weeds, and no disease or pests has been, except for damage caused by birds. Yield of variety Finola was in range 2,2 1,6 t/ha. While monitoring the dry matter content of the seed, the results showed some differences and varietal influences. For example the highest amount of nitrogenous substances was found in the variety Finola (23.58%), with the lowest percentage of nitrogenous substances in the variety Tiger (21.12%). But for the correct evaluation and conclusions are required further experiments, which may be the aim of my further study.
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Utilization of Cannabis Sativa in Teaching Chemistry
Stránská, Adéla ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Beneš, Pavel (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with Cannabis sativa. The aim is to focus on possible utilization of Cannabis sativa in teaching chemistry. The theoretical part describes the botany of cannabis, overviews phytocannabinoids, substances contained in cannabis, and it also includes wide use of cannabis in agriculture and industry. The practical part deals with the selection and arrangement of a possible curriculum about chromatography as the most affordable technique for analysis of cannabis at school, including the formulation of school experiment methodology using the thin-layer chromatography of Cannabis sativa extract to demonstrate the presence of phytocannabinoids. The practical part also includes the scheme of an educational project on cannabis and describes the latest techniques, as well as the methodology of work with them, which are suitable for analysis of phytocannabinoids.
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Utilization of biotechnological method in growing of technical hemp
Širl, Marek ; Zelenková, Sylva (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multi-use crop, able to provide fibre celulose and hurds for industrial treatment biomass for energy conversion and produces secondary metabolites useful for pharmaceutical application. For its resistence to stress and ability to accumulate high concentration of heavy metals it can be potentialy used for phytoremediation. The aim of current research is the development of new strains, with specialy improved qualities and the enhancement of its applicability. Besides traditional breeding methods, genetic manipulation might be the possible tool. What is currently discussed is finding optimal conditions allowing efective in vitro cultivation as a basic assumption of genetic manipulation. Hemp transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation might be the appropriate technic.
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Cemical composition of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) and possibilities of its utilization as animal feed
NĚMCOVÁ, Michaela
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual cultural plant used from ancient times up to the present in many spheres of the human life. The aim of this bachelor study was to summarize on the basis of literature sources the information about chemical composition of the hemp seed (basic composition, content of amino acids, fiber, vitamins and specific substances, etc.), genetic variability in the substances content, and possibilities of utilization of the hemp seed and also plant residues as feed. Feeding hemp seeds to poultry increases egg production and enriches egg yolk with carotenoids, - 3 and - 6 fatty acids and decreases the cholesterol content. In case of broilers, hemp seeds increases the weight of the breasts, thighs, liver, stomach, intestines and the portion of abdominal fat. Hemp seed cakes have a positive effect on rumen function, support reception of neutral detergent fiber and increases the unsaturated fatty acids content in the meat. Hemp oil relieves stress and improves immunity of the fed animals.
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Isolation of compounds from Cannabis sativa and their anti-inflammatory effect
Baranová, Zuzana ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; PharmDr.Daniela Veselá (advisor)
The object of this thesis is a traditional and also controversial plant Cannabis sativa. The theoretical part is focused on ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds – flavonoids, also present in the studied plant. All previously researched and confirmed effects on human body are described in detail. The experimental part of this thesis describes the isolation and identification of substances of the chloroform and hexane yields of extract obtained from this plant. Chromatographic methods were used for isolation – thin layer and column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. Obtained substances were characterized using UV, IR spectrophotometry and NMR. Then the anti-inflammatory activity of obtained substances and also of the ethanolic extract and its yields was observed. The result of the experimental part was the isolation of one pure substance which was identified as the cannabidiolic acid. Using the THP 1 assay, we demonstrated mild anti-inflammatory effect of the non-polar yields and isolated CBDA.
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Isolation of compounds from Cannabis sativa and their biological effect
Baranová, Zuzana ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Šmejkal,, Karel (advisor)
The object of this thesis is a traditional and also controversial plant Cannabis sativa. The theoretical part is focused on botanical side of this plant and its presently used medical forms. All previously isolated substances and their observed biological activity are described in detail. The experimental part of this thesis describes the isolation and identification of substances of the chloroform extract fraction obtained from this plant. Chromatographic methods were used for isolation – analytical and semipreparative HPLC. Obtained substances were identified using UV and IR spectrophotometry. Then the biological effect of obtained substances was observed on chosen microorganisms.
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Cannabinoid level in hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) and legislation
PRAVDOVÁ, Martina
These days hemp is a the most discussed plant in the whole world because of the content of compounds with psychotropic effects. Utilization of Cannabis sativa as a crop is universal (a fibre, food, oil and energy crop) and appreciated mainly from ecological point of view. This work summarizes information about cannabinoid characteristics, about their interspecific and intraspecific variability in hemp, possibilities of cannabionoid application in medicine, risks of their abuse as a drug, summarizes legislation connected with Cannabis sativa growing and also regulations defining illegal human behaviour by manipulation with hemp. The work includes also a brief botanic charakteristic of hemp, history of hemp growing, requirements of Cannabis sativa on environmental conditions, information about formation and function of cannabinoids in the hemp plant, about the cannabinoid content in hemp products and about influences that change the cannabionoid content in plants.
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Planting requirements of hemp (Cannabis sativa)
KUDĚJOVÁ, Simona
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is used in many branches, e. g. in textile industry, power engineering, food processing industry, paper industry or animal production. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about requirements of hemp for temperature, soil water, soil, nutrients and light in a form of literature research. It also concerns crops´rotation, affects on following crops and the influence of these magnitudes on seeds´yield and biomass. Hemp is a plant of a short day. Suitable soils for hemp growing are fertile, deep, well supplied by nutrients with neutral to slightly basic reaction. The plant is sensitive to lack or over-supply of water in the early stages of growth. Total annual rainfall in area of growing should not be below 500 mm. The plant needs the most of water during blooming period. The main nutrients influenting the fibre yield are nitrogenen and potassium. Phosphor influences seed maturing and the hemp grow for seeds needs more of it than hemp for fiber. The density of growth, i. e. seed rate depends on the aim of planting as well. For planting for seeds lower density of planting is better. Hemp is a good previous crop for grains. It can be grown on the same place for several years. The sowing term is from half of April to the half of May, it depends on climatic conditions. However, earlier planting is recommended. Harvesting is the most demanding part of growing because of the lack of special machines. Hemp for fibre is harvested during the blooming period (August). The later the harvest causes lower quality of the fibre because the stem starts to lignify. The harvest of seeds starts 5 to 6 weeks later than the one of fibre, when the seeds in lower half of the inflorescence are fully mature. By earlier harvesting, the seeds lose germinability, by later one there is a risk of huge losses of seeds by their falling out of the inflorescence. Illnesses and pests are in our area meaningless. Hemp suppresses weeds very well, thats is why chemical protection is not necessary.
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Position of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) in plant protection
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Cannabis sativa is a useful fibre, oil and energy plant that could be replace lot of synthetic row materials, whose production pollutes the environment. The aim of this work was to summarize the information about the occurrence of pets, diseases and weeds in the hemp stand and the possibilities of protection against them, together with information about the competitive and allelopathic characteristics of hemp and possibilities of hemp utilization in the plant protection. Though the spectrum of disease and pests is wide, until now the economics losses caused by harmful organisms are very low. Mycocentrospora cantuariensis is a potentially dangerous disease, until now this species was obserwedy on hop. Phytophtora cactorum and Septoria neocanabina belong to the new occured species. From the pests fleahopper (Psylliodes attenuata), cannabis louse (Phorodon cannabis) and european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) could be the cause of the important yield losses. The hemp stand is able to suppress the weed growth due to quick development. The self-protection of hemp consists the secretion of canabinoids and volatile terpenoids, that protect not only the hemp plants but partially also neighbouring plants. These compounds and also mixed cultivation of hemp with other plants could be a new advanced tool in the plant protection.
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