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Vliv chemického znečištění na kontaminaci a kvalitu biotických složek ekosystémů
Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha ; Volka, Karel
Úkol A: Vzorkování. Podle plánu odběru vzorků bylo odebráno 72 vzorků mechu Pleurozium Schreberi a Hylocomium splendes, 72 vzorků jehličí smrku ztepilého (Picea abies), 54 směsných vzorků mokré depozice s částí suché depozice (bulk), 60 vzorků trvalého travního porostu (jetel, vojtěška), 54 vzorků pšenice ozimé a 12 vzorků pylu. Úkol B: Analýza vzorků a uložení dat do databáze. Těžké kovy (Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, Ni, As), polychlorované bifenyly (PCB), organochlorové pesticidy a příbuzné sloučeniny (OCP), polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky (PAH), polybromované difenylethery (PBDE), syntetické analogy pižma, alkylfenoly. Úkol C: Zajištění návaznosti výsledků a metrologická služba. Stanovení polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků v ovzduší, stanovení organochlorových pesticidů v oleji/tuku, stanovení organochlorových pesticidů a polychlorovaných bifenylů v rostlinném oleji, stanovení polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků v olivovém oleji. Úkol D: Správa databáze. Úkol E: Zhodnocení trendů ve vývoji zatížení sledovaných lokalit. Expertní posouzení dat. Multivariační analýza dat. Modelování. Analýza pozemních měření vybraných znečišťujících látek.
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The diversity of macrozoobenthos in a stream affected by an outfall of a treated wastewater from wastewater treatment plant
SOUKUPOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of macrozoobenthos at Živný stream. This stream flows through the town of Prachatice, where outfall of the town's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flown into it. Sampling was carried out in 4 profiles; C, U, E and R, each in five different dates during the year 2015. Saprobic index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were calculated based on abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrate community. Neither biomass nor abundance did not show any significant differences among sampling profiles. On the contrary the values of saprobic index and diversity index differed significantly among sampling sites (p < 0.05). Highest average value of abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos was reached above the outfall of WWTP in profile U (2068 ? 1712 ind.m-2), while the lowest average value of abundance was found in profile E under the outfall of WWTP (925 ? 781 ind.m-2). The biomass of macrozoobenthos community was the lowest in the profile R (4.25 g.m-2). The saprobic index ranged from 1.55 to 2.32. These values correspond to betamesosaprobity which reveals that the creek contains moderately to medium organically polluted water. The diversity index was highest in sampling profile C (H' = 2.59), on the contrary in the following profile U, which was placed in the town above the WWTP, the diversity index was lowest (H' = 1.52).
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Vliv chemického znečištění na kontaminaci a kvalitu biotických složek ekosystémů
Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha ; Volka, Karel
Úkol A: Vzorkování. Na základě výsledků předchozího projektu bylo zvoleno šest okresů, jejichž míra reprezentace území České republiky byla ověřena řadou předběžných studií. Pardubice, Praha-západ, Strakonice, Uherské Hradiště, Žďár nad Sázavou, Chrudim. Úkol B: Analýza vzorků a uložení dat do databáze. Realizace odběrů terestrických matric, tj. pšenice, travního porostu, mechu, jehličí a atmosférické depozice, dále pylu, ryb a sedimentů. Sledované analyty: Těžké kovy (Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, Ni, As), polychlorované bifenyly (PCB), organochlorové pesticidy a příbuzné sloučeniny (OCP), polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky (PAH), polybromované difenylethery (PBDE), syntetické analogy pižma, alkylfenoly. Úkol C: Zajištění návaznosti výsledků a metrologická služba. Stanovení polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků v ovzduší a vzorku sedimentu. Úkol D: Správa databáze. Úkol E: Zhodnocení trendů ve vývoji zatížení sledovaných lokalit. Kriteria fuzzy shlukování. Úkol F: Vývoj nových metod hodnocení obsahu škodlivin v ekosystémech. Aplikace pasivních vzorkovačů jako nástroj pro odhad bioakumulačního potenciálu akutně toxických xenobiotik. Stanovení obsahu polybromovaných difenylů v rybách z Labe a Vltavy.
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Zhodnocení rybářského managementu pstruhového revíru Svitava 4
Mareš, Lukáš
Presented master thesis deals with the issue of assessment of management in salmonid fishing ground Svitava 4. The main aim was to compare the state of fish community with the state after the last survey from 2003-2004 and to evaluate the economic evidence (level of fishermen's pressure, level of reached catch and the stocking of economically important species) for ten years in a row. The ichthyological survey was carried out in summer season in 2014 at four localities within the fishing ground Svitava 4. The topographic data of particular localities were measured by the modern devices. Also basic physicochemical parameters of water were measured. The catching was realized by electric-fishing gear. After measuring of morphometric characteristics all the fish were returned back to the fishing ground. The survey established the presence of 8 fish species in 5 families. The abundance of fish community varied on particular localities in the range from 338 to 1633 pcs.ha-1, the biomass from 53,6 to 199,2 kg.ha-1. The fish community of concerned stream has gone through significant changes since the last survey. Considerable decrease in abundance was recorded mainly in the grayling population.
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Value of the Antibodies Testing in the Diagnostics of Tick Borne Encephalitis
CHADTOVÁ, Marie
The Diagnostic Value of the Antibody Level Testing in Tick Born Encephalitis. This bachelor thesis is focused on the antibody testing and its diagnostic value in Tick Born Encephalitis.Data for this thesis were obtained at the laboratory of Virology, Dpt. of Medical Microbiology of the Cenral Laboratories, Hospital České Budějovice. The data were collected between January 1st and December 31st 2014. The thesis is divided in two parts: the theoretical and the experimental part. The theoretical part covers the history of the disease, its geographic distribution and the ways of the transmission of the virus. The disease was first described by Austrian physician Hans Schneider in 1931 as a periodically occuring disease. He called it "Epidemische acute Meningitis serosa". The virus was first described as the cause of the disease in Russia in 1937. In Czechoslovakia, the virus was described in 1947 in Prague by virologists František Galia and Josef Rampas. The first succesful virus isolation in Czechoslovakia was from Beroun district, the next successful isolation was in Vyškov district made by Dr. Krejčí. The virus was later isolated in other European countries as well. The hypothesis, that the virus is transmitted by ticks, was proved by Dr. Rampas and Dr. Galia by the isolation of the virus directly from the ticks Ixodes ricinus, collected in the Beroun district. The transmission of the virus by alimentary route was first described in 1951 near east Slovakian town Rožňava. The virus was transmitted by drinking nonpasteurized sheep milk. The laboratory infection is possible, when laboratory staff works with the viable virus. The Tick Borne Encephalitis virus is part of the genus Flavivirus , family Flaviviridae. It is an enveloped virus with cubic symetry. Virus particles are round shaped, with diameter 5060 nm. The central part is nucleus, containing viral RNA, enveloped by protein capsid and lipoprotein envelope. Lipoprotein envelope is double lined and contains important antigens - glycoprotein E and menbrane protein M. Tick Borne Encephalitis is transmitted by ticks. The incidance is therefore closely connected to the activity of the ticks in nature. The activity of the ticks depends on the season, temperature, humidity and altitude. The presence of people in focal point is also essential. Tick Borne Encephalitis is an infection with the natural focal point. Its natural reservoir are mainly small rodents and other wild animals. Human activity in nature can lead to the transmission of the disese to humans. Human are a blind end of the transmission chain, no interhuman transmisson was described. The virus penetrates the organism via the tick bite. The virus penetrates to the skin from salivary glands of the tick through the small wound. The primary multiplication starts there. The virus is later spread by lymphatic system to the blood stream. This corresponds with the first phase of the infection. The second phase of the infection is accompanied by secondary viremia, the virus multiplies in various tissues and spreads into the central nervous system. The incubation period before the beginning of the first phase is 714 days. The first phase may proceed under the clinical picture of mild, flu- like virosis with the increased temperature, muscle pain and fatigue. This period lasts 1 to 2 days, maximum 6 days. After the first phase there is a period of approximately one week without any signs of the disease. After this period the second phase may occur, with sthe signs of meningitis, menigoencephalitis or myelitis. The treatment is symptomatic. To diminish the symptoms of the disease, analgetics, antipyretics , anticonvulsives and sometimes antiedematic treatment is indicated. The epidemiological mesures are based on education and vaccination. The vaccine is available since the eigties of the last century. Laboratory diagnostic may use direct or indirect detection of the virus. The methods of direct detect
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Backflow of catchs on trout district in river - basin of upper Vltava
ŠMÍD, Pavel
Backflow of catchs on trout district is important indicator of fishing maintenance. On trout district were to be in former times given stool duties betray into order about usage of district. Planned fish stocking has becomingly complete structure of original fish guilds in district with old availability. Objektive of work will be review in agreement with fishing statistician level of maintenance on district by indicator of backflow catch in piece and weight , but also in agreement with structure of valuable and additional, eventually harmful kinds of fishs. Useful information follow also from fishing pressure (visit rate) on fishing district. Important ratings are also segmentation of district, number of migration road-block, flow of water, type of gout near coast, segmentation of stream, bolthole capacity, vegetative company etc . Therefore will serviceable separate up under consideration districts in river - basin of upper Vltava also accordance with these characteristics in mountain and piedmont zone of southern Czech. Conclusion of work will contain draft of measures destined to improvement maintenance of trout districts.
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IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL POLLUTION ON FISH LIVING IN A SMALL STREAM
HORA, Vojtěch
Main objective of this thesis is evaluation of the impact of extraneous substances that enter Živný stream through the WWTP Prachatice onto the stream's fish population. Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) was selected as a sampling organism. Sampling was conducted in 2012 using an electrical aggregate at three locations. The sample counted a total of 36 fish. Subsequently there was conducted blood sample and tissue analysis using selected biomarkers (vitellogenin and EROD). Furthermore, an analysis of fish tissue and water samples was made to identify presence of selected extraneous substances.Concentration of vitellogenin in blood plasma of male fish in the controled location was zero, in polluted location the average concentration varied between 275 and 573 ng.ml-1. Concentration of vitellogenin in blood plasma of female fish was the lowest at a location directly downstream the WWTP (7 185 823 ng.ml-1). At other locations, the average concentration ranged between 9 250 302 - 11 614 177 ng.ml-1. The activity of liver detoxifying enzymes (EROD) was the highest at polluted locations, between 63,9 - 87,4 pmol.mg-1protein.min-1. In the controled location was the lowest activity EROD (5,4 pmol.mg-1protein.min-1). The result of identification of selected extraneous substances in fish tissues (liver) and in the water is a sum of all detected pharmaceuticals. In fish tissues was the sum of all detected pharmaceuticals in the range from 20,8 to 138,8 ng.g-1, while in water it varied between 0,07 - 3,00 ?g.l-1. The highest values were again measured in polluted areas. The results of the analyses conducted imply, that the present concentrations of extraneous substances in Živný stream downstream from Prachatice have a negative impact onto live organisms.
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Quantitative binding of different analogues of vancomycine to D-Ala-D-Ala using surface plasmon resonance
Černá, Ivana ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Kubíček, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Ivana Černá Consultant: Drª María José Hernáiz Gómez-Dégano Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, PhD. Title: Quantitative binding of different analogues of vancomycine to D-Ala-D-Ala using surface plasmon resonance This diploma thesis discusses the interaction studies of different glycopeptide antibiotics: teicoplanin; MDL 63,246; mideplanin; BI 397 (dalbavancin); A 40926 and vancomycin with D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide. Firstly, the HPLC analysis conditions for these antibiotics were defined and optimized in order to probe their purity. Then, the interaction studies were carried out, for that various self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were prepared based on different hydrophobicity and length of the chain. These SAMs were functionalized with the dipeptide D-Ala-D-Ala for the study of the binding with the antibiotics. The results suggest that the best way to prepare the SAM is incubation of the chip overnight in the ethanol solution of alcanothiol chain. The most applicable SAM for the study of interaction of antibiotic to D-Ala-D-Ala is formed by alcanothiol chain with a carbon chain of 8 carbons and a tetraethylene glycol chain ending in a carboxylic group. Over this surface we performed the study of...
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Establishing Mutual Links among Brain Structures
Klimeš, Petr ; Hlinka,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krajča,, Vladimír (referee) ; Halámek, Josef (advisor)
The Human brain consists of mutually connected neuronal populations that build anatomically and functionally separated structures. To understand human brain activity and connectivity, it is crucial to describe how these structures are connected and how information is spread. Commonly used methods often work with data from scalp EEG, with a limited number of contacts, and are incapable of observing dynamic changes during cognitive processes or different behavioural states. In addition, connectivity studies almost never analyse pathological parts of the brain, which can have a crucial impact on pathology research and treatment. The aim of this work is connectivity analysis and its evolution in time during cognitive tasks using data from intracranial EEG. Physiological processes in cognitive stimulation and the local connectivity of pathology in the epileptic brain during wake and sleep were analysed. The results provide new insight into human brain physiology research. This was achieved by an innovative approach which combines connectivity methods with EEG spectral power calculation. The second part of this work focuses on seizure onset zone (SOZ) connectivity in the epileptic brain. The results describe the functional isolation of the SOZ from the surrounding tissue, which may contribute to clinical research and epilepsy treatment.
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