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Vliv fragmentace a ztráty habitatu na primáty
Sniegon, Arthur F. ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pluháček, Jan (referee)
Anthropogenic activities and human encroachment may cause profound and often irrevocable changes in an environment. This may result in challenges for most of the wildlife, including our closest extant relatives, non-human primates. Worldwide, primates may be particularly susceptible to human-induced habitat alterations owing to their large body size, social way of life, slow reproduction, large home-ranges, naturally low population densities and often strong dependence on forest cover. Three main phenomena have been described as major threats for primates: loss of the natural habitat and its conversion to human-dominated landscape, fragmentation of the remaining patches of suitable habitat, and commercial bushmeat hunting. Here I review the first two processes. If primates survive the initial disturbance, they are forced to adjust their demographic, behavioural and dietary traits. However, this may not be enough for their persistence in a long term as their genetic diversity might be compromised. Moreover, also parasitic infections may impact severely the disrupted populations. In this thesis, I reviewed the current knowledge in primates demography, population genetics, dietary changes and parasite interactions in altered habitats. Most of the studies examined the African continent and Latin America, a...
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The role of Toxoplasma gondii on the expression of Major Urinary Proteins in the house mouse
Hladovcová, Denisa ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
Major Urinary Proteins (MUP) are pheromonal transmitters involved in chemical communication in rodents. Complexes of MUPs and ligands mediate information about genetical background of an individual and co-create individual scent profile. They play a significant role in kinship determination, the crucial factor in the choice of a mating partner. It is assumed that the MUP production is energetically demanding due to the pressure of sexual selection, and the transmitted signal is thus supposed to be honest. This theory hasn't yet been experimentally tested, neither was proven the effect of another intense selection pressure- a parasitic infection. In my thesis, I describe the effect of an infection of a parasite Toxoplasma gondii on MUP production. The results suggest that the production is altered in both sexes, the production decreasing in males to the level of male castrates (or the female level). Considering the results of more detailed analysis of the infection we assume that the energetical demands of the MUP production doesn't allow the production of ordinary amounts if MUPs during the first phase of the infection as the energy is primarily devoted to the infection control. The increased production in latter phase can be attributed to the importance of scent communication. Decreased levels of...
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Gastrointestinal nematodes in wild ruminants from Czech Republic
Heinclová, Pavla ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
This study is focused on the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in cervids in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of gastrointestinal nematodes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) . Research on presence of parasites in the digestive tract of roe deer and falow deer was done by using autopsy which was performed in the laboratory of the Department of Zoology and Fisheries FAPPZ CULS Prague according to K. I. Skrjabin.
Autopsy material was extracted from small intestine of the captured pieces during the years 2009 - 2014. Research was done on 15 deer coming from Central Bohemia, Ústí and Liberec region. For determination were used microscope and determination key. Among determination characteristics determined in females include overall length of the body width, shape and size of the vulva, the presence of flaps, vulva distance from the anus, the shape of the end of the body. Males observed features: overall length, size and shape of spicules, gubernaculum.
Among the common features observed included the formation of the pharynx and oral capsule. Each of the nematode was measured and incorporated into species and genera. Result shows nematodes: Trichostrongylus capricola, Nematodirus fillicolis venulosum and Oesophagostomum, Cooperia pectinata and subsequently evaluated prevalence.
From the results of the autopsy of the small intestine shows that the highest prevalence rate among deer and fallow deer reaches Trichostrongylus capricola (60 %) and Nematodirus filicollis (20 %). The lowest prevalence consistently achieve Oesophagostomum venulosum and Cooperia pectinata (6.7 %). The prevalence was consistent with studies carried out in other European countries. In comparison with studies in the Czech Republic with Trichostrongylus capricola was compared to another research from 2008 to decrease prevalence.
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Parasitofauna of Reptiles of Europe
ŽÍDEK, Jakub
This thesis presents the most comprehensive historical overwiev of reptile parasites living in Europe, including basic taxonomic information, the known geographic range, host range and important references. Data needed to create a host-parasite list was obtained from scientific articles. In the present work are recorded parasites of the Eropean reptiles throughout their entire range. Moreover was created a comprehensive list of the European herpetofauna that were still incomplete, including threat status and endemic species.
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Intestinal nematodes of horses
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Alžběta
The intestinal nematodes of horses were investigated in this study. Especially the gastrointestinal parasites of groups Strongylinae and Cyathostominae were studied: Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris eqourum a Oxyuris equi. Study concerns with preventive proceeding of inception of parasitic diseases, selection of right anthelmintics and antiparasitic programmes, resistance of gastrointestinal parasites on anthelmintics and their effective matters. Finally, the possible solutions are suggested based on the study.
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Endoparasites of horses
WAGNEROVÁ, Pavla
A total of 587 faecal samples were collected from 98 horses of different age from three farms with various breeding system (pasture, stable and combination) in the South Bohemia, Czech Republic during three consecutive years (from 2009 to 2011), and screened for the presence of endoparasites, especially these inhabiting gastrointestinal tract and lung, using standard parasitological methods including flotation, sedimentation and staining methods. Moreover presence of Encephalitozoon spp. was detected using genus specific nested PCR. Small strongyles were the most common nematodes among studied horses. The age of animals was evaluated as a risk factor in relation to Eimeria leuckarti, Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris equorum infection in foals. The resistance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) to benzimidazol anthelmintics has been revealed only on one of the visited farm. Most of examined animals were mono-infected. The breeding of horses in the stable represent management system with lowest risk in relation to parasitic infection of animals. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of human pathogenic Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in horses.
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