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Occurance of the chosen risk in term of the gender about children.
MÁCHALOVÁ, Lenka
Abstract The problems of hazardous behavior with adolescents are getting into the foreground of the wide public. The problem of hazardous behavior with children, adolescents or young people is very real, not only in the Czech Republic, but all over the world, at prezent, it is a worldwide problem representing a substantial social problem with which many specialists in the field of psychologists, psychiatrics, educators, politics and other participating institucions, World Health Organization, are dealing. The Publisher results of research are pointing to a non- decreasing occurrence of hazardous behavior, where it comes to a basic shifting to a lower age group from the point of view of the gender eguality, when the girls and boys engage in hazardous behavior with different circumstances, conditions and occurrence. A whole range of research on this theme exists, but it does not fully concern the hazardous behavior, for instance in connection with information technologies, cell phones and using of habit-forming drugs. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the selected forms of hazardous behavior with children and the gender problems are described. In the practical part, the quantitative research method has been chosen,a method of gathering data by means of a questionnaire. The research summary for questionnaire inquiry was created by pupils attending the 7 th to 9 th school year of the primary schools in the South Bohemian region. The aim and purpose of the thesis was to find the appearance of selected risk behaviour with the children from the point of view of the gender, and to map the differences with a view to the gender problems. The aim was accomplished. There were four hypothesis stated. H1: The boys are a more endangered group in occurance of a hazardous behavior in connection with alkohol than the girls. H2: There is a higher risk in connection with usaje non-legal drugs about boys than about girls. H3: Boys are more endangered in the occurrence of a hazardous behavior in connection with habit-forming behavior relating to virtual milieu. H4: Girls are more endangered in connection with communication technology. The thesis may be used as an information survey of a selected hazardous behavior with the children and with the gender problems. The results of the research can be used as informative material for the lay public, for children and adolescents, for parents and other specialists (anti-drug coordinator, methodic of school prevention and not least for the education or as basics for a further following research aktivity. Further, the results of the research can be used for a closer determination of suitable prevention programs. For this reason, the results of the research were given to schools, where the research observation proceeded for the purpose of enhancement of the primarily preventive activity.
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Awareness children of dealing with dogs.
CHLOPČÍKOVÁ, Marie
Children´s awareness of dealing with dogs starts to gain importance nowadays. More often we meet the problems of injuries caused in children by our best animal fellows.This situation needs to be solved. Problem cannot be seen only in accused animal. In most cases neither dog nor child is the deliquent. The main cause of a conflict between, in other way, harmonious coexistence of both partners seems to be children´s ignorance of behaviour, body speech and complex responsible attitude towards dogs. However,they cannot learn these basic rules themselves. Theoretical part of the thesis devotes attention to general outline of child {--} dog relation. Separate chapters are focused not only on psychological and social development of both arbiters, but also on their mutual impact, behaviour, care, communication and cooperation. At the same time, the thesis outlines the problems of dog bite-related injuries in children of our or foreign latitude. Last but not least it underlines the need of prevention and measures which could reduce or generally eliminate the rise of dramatic situations between a dog and a child. The main aim of this work was to chart awareness (informedness) of middle school- aged children of treating, care, behaviour and communication with dogs. Further presumption is to find out the knowledge differences in children who have dogs and those who haven´t. The output of practical part of the thesis are the results of quantitative research. There was used a method of questioning {--} technique standard questionnaire for children within the range of 3.-5. class of basic school. Research specimen represents pupils´ knowledge of four basic schools, in total 200 respondents. From the point of regional representation there were children of South Bohemia and Olomouc regions. According to the research there is evident absence in knowledge of dogs´ body speech and consequently the safety of mutual contact that represent the main problem in arising of risk situation between a child and a dog company. Therefore it is important to devote them more attention in future.
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Psychosocial support of children around the surgery planned operations
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
The study is focused on sufficient psychosocial support for children before and after planned surgical operations. This area of nursing has been still underestimated although medicine and nursing has been developing very fast in the Czech Republic. The importance of this support is often forgotten even if the contact between a child and his mother [parent] in such a difficult situation can definitely bring many positives. Unfortunately, children indicated for an operation are separated from their parents just at the hospital receptions or entering the operating room. The following preoperative preparation usually miss any psychological aspects and satisfactory explanation to children. They are often frightened and cry so it becomes very difficult for a nurse anesthetist to calm them down. Therefore the premedication and anesthetics have to be much stronger. Furthermore the psychic burden and total discomfort can cause many complications during the operation itself or in the postoperative care. The aims of this work was to find out if parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation and postoperative care of their children, map out anaesthetist opinions on the fact that parents can accompany their children up to the operating room and compare advantages and disadvantages of it. In addition I tried to compare the occurrence of postoperative complications with children they have psychosocial support of their parents and those who are unaccompanied. This work was also focused on international comparison of the level and range of psychosocial care of children surgical patients among the Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria. All aims stated at the beginning were fulfilled. Within quantitative research five hypotheses were stated: 1/ Parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation of their children indicated for operations. 2/ Parents are interested in taking part in postoperative care of their children. 3/ Anaesthetist nurses prefer children accompanied by their parents to the operating room. 4/ There are much less operative and postoperative complications if children are supported by their parents. 5/ Other countries (Austria, Hungary) encourage parents to accompany their children for operations much more than it is in the Czech Republic. Two research questions focused on the comparison of the level and range of psychosocial support of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad were defined for qualitative data analysis. 1/ Are there big differences in psychosocial care of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad (Austria, Hungary)? 2/ Are there good conditions for solid psychosocial care of children patients in the Czech Republic?
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Occurance problematic behaviour in relation to the area of their home town.
ŠIKOVÁ, Markéta
The topic of my thesis was the ``Occurrence of Selected Danger Behavior in Relation to a Residential Area{\crqq}. I carried out my research at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region from December 2007 to March 2008. Currently, one of the severest issues of our society is a danger behavior, which overwhelmingly affects the young generation. It is a type of behavior, the consequence of which is a demonstrable growth of health, social, educational and other risks for both an individual and the society. The objective of my work was to monitor the occurrence of selected danger behavior by children at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region in relation to a residential area. On the basis of that objective, I determined three hypotheses. The first hypothesis proved to be true, since the research results show danger behavior within addictive substances more visible in towns with up to 10 thousand inhabitants unlike towns over 10 thousand. The second hypothesis also held true, because the research results evaluate the largest source for danger behavior to be coevals, regardless of a relation to the size of the town. Finally, the third hypothesis was correct, too, as bullying was researched to be present in towns with over 10 thousand inhabitants unlike towns up to 10 thousand. Today{\crq}s world may be compared to a very hectic and busy time accompanied by a number of issues markedly reflecting in the status of children and the youth. Children are adversely affected by the fact that their families do not pay enough attention to them, which is negatively projected in their lives. In my point of view, a family should draw more attention to such problems and strive to cooperate with other institutions, especially schools, to a high extent. Schools should try to use all possible and available solution variants such as preventative programs, sessions, lectures, and involve the given topic in their lessons. The thesis may be used as a concept for principals and pedagogues to a better awareness of the actual issues and of the current condition at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region. It may also be applied as a concept to increase the efficiency of the primary prevention at certain schools, for educational needs and possibly for future researches.
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On the Minimization of Specific Learning Problems in Elementary School Students
BAŤKOVÁ, Anna
This study addresses the problems of specific learning disorders in elementary school children. It attempts to elucidate individual types of disorders and their most common symptoms in children. Furthermore, the work describes well known theories of the causes of specific learning disorders, their diagnostics, and primary ways leading towards minimization and correction of disorders. The whole study is divided into four chapters. Individual chapters are based on the best known knowledge in the area of specific learning disorders. The first chapter explores the causes of disorders, i.e. the theories attempting to explain specific learning disorders from the viewpoints of genetics, brain disorders, faulty information processing, light mental dysfunctions and last but not least {--} the environmental effects. The next chapter classifies and explains individual diagnostic procedures and tests needed before establishing child{\crq}s diagnosis. The third chapter addresses individual specific learning disorders. It describes their definitions and main symptoms The last chapter is devoted to disorders minimization. There we introduce Individual Educational Plan as well as the exercises appropriate to individual disorders.
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The creative expression of children
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis is focused on graphic expressions of children with specific learning disabilities and its possible connection with graphic hand-mindedness skill, visual and spatial perception etc. In the theoretical part there are characterized specific learning disabilities, their indications, diagnostics and re-education. From available grounds there are figured some of visual drawing characteristics by children with specific learning disabilities. Furthermore this thesis deals with children graphic expression and its development stages. In the research part there are shown some typical features of visual imaging on the basis of picture exemplars by children with specific learning disabilities. There were confirmed some specialties of their graphic expression which are summarized in the concluding chapter.
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Canisterapie in Preschool Setting
HOŘEJŠÍ, Zuzana
The school leaving thesis is elaborated in order to make a connection of canistherapy with the environment of kindergartens. The thesis is devided into two main parts. The theoretical part concerns the development of an individual and the problems of canistherapy and its methods. The practical part reveals a possible connection of canistherapy effects and the environemnt of kindergartens. The aim of the practical part is to find out how the teachers are informed about this term.
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Games and Development of Mind Operation
TÁBORSKÁ, Nikola
The topic which I chose for my bachelor essay is very current since playing is irreplaceable in children`s and even in some adults´ lives. When children play, they do not know that they are developing their physical, mental and social skills. They acquire new knowledge and other skills through a game and develop their thinking. In my essay, I will focus on games, playing, toys and last but not least, I will introduce critical thinking as a tool for efficient teaching in kindergartens. In the practical part of the work I will explain the effect of games in kindergartens and I will enhance my bachelor essay my DVD tape called ``Games in Kindergarten``, my research and a list of games
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Holistic approach in providing nursing care for disabled children in the health and social facilities.
GUIDOVÁ, Hana
Holistic nursing care requires body and psyche orientation. That means it stresses both, body and psychosocial human needs. It is necessary for nurses to understand the principle of psychosocial interaction and care of the whole person including his/her dearest in health and illness. The aim of the thesis ?Holistic approach in providing nursing care to handicapped children in health & social facilities? was to find out how the needs of handicapped children are satisfied in health & social facilities from the point of view of holistic approach. The work involved both, qualitative and quantitative research. 104 nurses filled in a questionnaire and 10 respondents were observed within the quantitative research. Two hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis was focused on handicapped children in health & social facilities and on satisfaction of their needs from the point of view of holistic theory. Most of the nurses are convinced that they are providing holistic care. However on the other hand a lot of nurses answered that they preferred provision of physiological needs to psychosocial needs. This finding does not fully confirm the holistic approach in providing nursing care. The second hypothesis says that nurses provide more holistic care in non-profit making facilities than in those operated by regional authorities. Non-profit making facilities could not be included in the research as nurses are not employed there and those who work there work at the positions of social workers and caregivers, not at the positions of nurses. Comparison was only performed at facilities operated by private limited companies and the regional authority. The research also compared the approach to holistic nursing care between head nurses and ward sisters and nurses working on shifts. The nurse managers answered more positively than the nurses working on shifts. A nurse providing holistic care sees a human as a unique complex being, not as its single parts. Such a nurse is ready to help people achieve and maintain optimal health, helps in prevention and reduction of diseases and provides support to those incurably ill. It is important to realize that body and psyche are closely linked, not separated. This thesis may be used by nurses working with handicapped children in health & social facilities. Elaboration of a standard for holistic nursing care for handicapped children in health & social facilities is the practical output of the thesis.
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