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Evaluation of selected properties of mineral fibers-based board, including the design of suitable purposes of its application
Sýkora, Radim ; Böhm, Martin (advisor) ; Múčka, Martin (referee)
This thesis evaluates properties of board based on mineral fibers. In first part of the thesis is conducted analysis of the literature, where are described materials based on basalt fibers. Here is also explained production of basalt fiber and its practical applications. Sandwich materials and materials with great fire resistance based on wood are also looked into. Following part describes options of aplication of materials with great fire resistance and mechanical a physical properties of materials based on wood.
Second part of the thesis lays out methodical approach to individual performed mechanical and physical tests. Characteristic of examined material is included. The last part deals with test results, comparing results with other selected materials, debating results and proposing possible applications of examined basalt board. With use of found data is evaluated suitability of the material for use for construction of sandwich panel.
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Proposal Recommended Procedure for Selecting a Credit Products for Physical Clientele
Sadílková, Květa ; Hricová, Daniela (advisor) ; Olga, Olga (referee)
The subject of the thesis Proposal recommended procedure for selecting a loan product of clients is analyzing forms of consumer credit provided to the client, evaluation and suggest optimization using a specific choice of bank and non-bank credit or loan in deciding client. The theoretical part defines the concepts of credit products, natural clientele, creditworthiness and credit registers. The issue of financing of natural persons pursues the factors that influence decisions, evaluations and indebtedness of clients. In my thesis, I also mentioned about the various types of credit registries, including information links on the subsequent granting of a loan to the client. The practical part is the description and comparison of various types of consumer contracts, provided banking and non-banking institutions. Based on the analysis of consumer contracts are found common factors and differences and then advantages and disadvantages of these contracts. This comparison is also the basis for the proposed solutions to the financing needs of individuals, particulary to optimize the selection of consumer credit products provided either banking or non-banking institutions for clients - loan applicants in the form of recommendations for applicants. In the practical part there are used personal experiences both in terms of several years of work in sociological research company, and in several activities of a credit counselor in financial institutions.
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Realization of Carcass Poultry on the Market
Polláková, Simona ; Kovářová, Kateřina (advisor)
Goal of the thesis
The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate current demands on commercialization of carcass poultry on domestic market. This goal of the thesis will be divided into several following parts:
1. Defining quality of poultry meat from the perspective of physical attributes, chemical composition and elements that influence them,
2. characterization of the standards in nutritioning carcass poultry and quality criteria, which are deciding factors for commercialization on the market,
3. introduction to trade and criteria for purchasing carcass poultry on domestic market.
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Orangutans breeding and factors affecting their reproduction in captivity and in the wild
Kalkušová, Olga ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Burešová, Eva (referee)
Information concerning orangutans living in the wild and the issue of their breeding has been summarized within the framework of this thesis. Orangutans in their natural habitats in tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo are not subjected to the same influences as those bred in captivity. Their reproduction thus differs in certain aspects. Reproduction of orangutans in the wild is strongly influenced by their solitary way of life. Females are accompanied only by their young or eventually by other females and according to the studies they seek contact with males only in their period of rut. The contact is then limited to a period of time needed for copulation. One exception to this behaviour may be couples with juvenile males. After birth, the female looks after the young male for up to 8 years, having no rut during this period. The cycle of females living in the wild also shows dependency on the availability of food supply. Negative energy balance during which the cycle stops has been observed during periods of food scarcity. In the following period with abundance of food, the cycle is renewed again. The cycle renewal also occurs in cases when the female loses her young. As a consequence of these reproductive limitations females may give birth to 4 young at maximum in their life.
Guidelines have been drawn up for breeding in zoos which regulate the conditions and suitability of the exhibits so that they meet the orangutans needs. Their natural mental and physical activity is related to their health and natural behaviour. However, despite all efforts the zoos cannot provide the same conditions to the orangutans as those they would have in the wild. The forced increased socialization and contact with other individuals held in captivity may bring stress, stereotype behaviour and associated health problems which are rather frequent with orangutans bred in captivity.
According to the records in the pedigree books, the age of first reproduction and the interval between births were shorter in case of females kept in captivity. Even the keeping of males and females in one exhibit increases the probability of copulation and becoming pregnant. These changes also entail certain risks according to the studies. Breeding in captivity embodies higher mortality rate of young and adult animals. This is probably caused by young age of females at the birth and short intervals between births which are often shorter than 4 years. Females born in captivity also lack experience which they gain in the wild by learning and observing and are not able to take care of their young or refuse it later. Even females that got pregnant between the age of 11 and 14 have been described. However, such pregnancy poses a great risk for females and they die soon after birth or live much shorter. Young orangutans born in captivity were often taken away from their mothers. It is not very suitable on the one side, but on the other side, after having their young taken away from them, the females started a new, full-fledged cycle in a few weeks and could become pregnant again. However, as direct care of the young by humans has a negative effect, the young are often given back to their mothers which is successful in many cases.
Orangutans have been studied for more than 40 years and a lot of things concerning their breeding in captivity have changed during this time. Zoological gardens are trying to provide the orangutans as natural conditions as possible. It is necessary for the exhibits and the enrichment to provide enough physical and mental activities to the orangutans. Despite these efforts, the limited space and the related contacts between individuals may bring stressful situations. These are then manifested in the behaviour and health of the orangutans.
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An impact of organic farming on soil quality
Matěchová, Martina ; Jakšík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janků, Jaroslava (referee)
This work focuses on the system of organic agriculture and its impact on soil quality. It compares organic farming system with conventional. Both these systems are briefly described. There is also a list of soil quality indicators used for the soil quality is evaluation. The results of scientific studies, which dealt with different farming systems and their effects on soil properties, were discussed and evaluated.
Quality and fertile soil is crucial for production systems, however to define what means quality soil is very difficult. Therefore the number of quality indicators were established. The indicators can be grouped by their nature of soil properties they assess, such as physical, chemical and biological. Different techniques are adopted for soil quality evaluation.
Soil quality is affected by a lot of different factors. Anthropogenic activities are often considered as one of the most influential factor. The loss of soil fertility as well as other physical, chemical or biological deterioration of soil properties is called soil degradation.
The results of this study shown that careful tillage in organic farming could have positive effect or no effect on the biological and physical properties of soils. For some experiments there was an increased amount of soil organisms.
In the most experiments, application of organic fertilizers caused increase of organic matter and other essential nutrients. We conclude that under certain conditions with respect for the principles of organic farming the soil quality can be preserved or even improved, but in a longer timeframe.
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Influence of common eland (Taurotragus oryx) meat composition on its further technological processing
Kolbábek, Petr ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor)
This dissertation has been proposed as a part of long-time wide research conducted on farmed elands (Taurotragus oryx) at university farm at Lány. This thesis is planned to be closely connected with the study of influence of the nutrition and diet to the growth and meat composition and quality. Eland meat is traditionally considered as tasty and nutritionally valuable, but in fact the knowledge on the eland meat composition and technological processing potential is limited. The research will be focused on the analyses of physical and chemical properties of meat with emphasis on the influence of the diet and age of animals on the meat. Next part of the work will be to experimentally produce meat products (e.g. pâté, fermented salami) and evaluate theirs physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. The most of the analysis are planned in cooperation with Department of agriculture products quality on Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources.
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Influence of texture of briquettes from biomass to their mechanical properties
Černá, Iva ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
With the rising amount of AD technology utilizers, the issue how to storage, such liquid
material, which digestate is. In recent time, there are some other ways to utilize it, except
fertilizing with liquor, liquid part of digestate. Digestate can be dried and pressed into
briquette or pelleted form. In briquette form is important to understand relations between
properties of individual components because one property can influence another one, which
constituting texture of the material and its reprocessing into the final form of the product.
Thus this study was conducted, to find and/or quantify the relation between the texture of
biomass briquettes and their durability and strength of shape during manipulation, storage
and use. Basic hypothesis of this work is based on open presumption that briquette texture is
dependent on many parameters. Some of those parameters were tested. Namely, composition
of matter, physical properties of digestate briquettes, durability and hardness, size analysis
and other. Digestate has approved as good material for compression with high content of
nutrients. The rate of abrasion varied 7-12% at the beginning decreasing to 3-5%. Shore
testing showed results predicating relation between particle size and hardness. Sieve and
image analysis then showed range of particles ranging size 0.01 mm from 99.5% and 10 mm
from 99.7%, most of them with needle-like shapes. This study suggested the method that
allows analysing particle size distribution in sample and describes other briquette properties,
which can be useful for next research and commercial purposes.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Use of composts and vermicomposts and their extracts together with bioffectors for growing of plants.
Bouček, Jiří ; Tlustoš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this project will be to determine the influence of conditions during composting and vermicomposting of biodegradable waste of organic matter on physical-chemical properties of compost and vermicompost extracts. From this point of view mainly the content of basic nutrients and humin substances will be monitored and also the possible content of risk elements. In the same purpose the presence of different types of microorganisms in these extracts will be investigated and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in their extracts will be also determined. The extracts will be simultaneously prepared under aerobic and unaerobic conditions in different portion among the organic matter and its leachate and each sample variants will be compared to above conditions. The real effect of extracts applied on grown plants or into a soil including the fungicide effect of sample extracts during pot experiments will be reported. The effect of extracts will be also compared with commercial bioeffectors.
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Methods of Tensile Force Measurements for Modern Soil Tillage Machines
Procházka, Petr ; Kumhála, František (advisor) ; Soukup, Josef (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis is focused on tensile forces measurement process of modern tillage machines for bigger working width. There is a limited amount of measuring devices for tensile forces higher than 100 kN.To eliminate tensile rod disadvantages (need of use of two tractors is complicated for measuring operation during the headlands turns) the
new measuring frame was developed to measure the tensile forces. To characterize the physical attributes of the soil, before the new developed measurement, the samples of unbroken soil where taken (Kopecky cylinders. The penetration resistance of soil was measured in a horizontal and vertical profile by use of penetrometer.The measuring made on specific lands proven the new developed measuring device to be able to measure the tensile force up to 200 kN
and more. The practical use of the measuring device was comparable to the measuring by a tensile rod during the measuring process.The considerable influence of the soil moisture was proven by the penetration measurements of the soil. The vertical and horizontal penetrometer measurements showed a similarity of the measuring method. The horizontal penetrometer might be a useful measuring method for a quick analysis of soil physical character considering accurate soil moisture measuring. Accurate instant soil moisture measuring and precise measurement of chisel plough working depth is a current theme for a future research.
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