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An analysis of character traits and athletic performance of the Chodský Dog breed and its possible uses in zootherapy
Pávková, Kateřina ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is a secondary research focused on a Czech national breed, the Chodský Dog breed. The first section outlines the history of the breed and its restoration, which officially began in 1984 by Jan Findejs. Its breeders are joined in the Association of Friends of the Chodský Dog breed, one of the largest breeders associations. On the 31st March 2016 there were 152 registered breeding kennels in Europe. The breed is also very popular abroad where a few official broods have already been reared. It has the strongest presence in Germany and Switzerland. The Association of Friends of the Chodský Dog breed is a member of the Bohemian-Moravian Cynology Union. The organisation still awaits the breed acknowledgement by World Canine Organization (FCI). The subsequent part of the paper concentrates on genetics of the population and includes an assessment of outcomes associated with hip joint dysplasia and its incidence in the population since 2001. In addition to dysplasia, which is being monitored and eliminated by the association, the breed is not significantly affected by other diseases. The health programme and other health checks promoted by the association are also discussed. The last section describes dog character trait tests and character traits specific to the Chodský Dog breed. An analysis of traits was carried out based on data collected from the associations database. The offspring of the five most fertile dogs were also assessed. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the results of the breeds athletic performance and its use in zootherapy. It highlights the breeds wide range of potential uses and its acclaimed character traits. Chodský Dog breed have become popular in recent years. The breed registry logs around 300 puppies, every year, suggesting the breed is doing well!
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Idioms with proper names in Russian and Czech phraseology
Bauerová, Pavla ; Loikova-Nasenko, Tatiana (referee) ; Rajnochová, Natalie (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to explain the specificity of idioms with proper nouns (onomastic idioms), to give an overview of the most common Russian onomastic idioms, to explain their orig in and to compare their usage with onomastic idioms in Czech. Proper nouns are specific lexical units which name unique denotate. Unlike common nouns they do not have any generaI meaning. However, during the development of a language some proper nouns can undergo the process of the so-called appelativization - to tum into a common noun and get the meaning. Such proper nouns occur in most of idioms. In some less frequent cases a proper noun can become a part of an idiom thanks to its rhythmical similarity to other idiom components or due to its accidental or genetic relativity to common nouns. In both languages onomastic idioms represent a specific and important part of the idiomatic system. Proper nouns contained in idioms can be both of domestic and foreign origin. The domestic Russian and Czech onomastic idioms can be divided into two groups based on the way they reflect the national specificity. The Hrst group consists of idioms reflecting extralinguistic factors such as domestic folklore, history and literature. The second group includes idioms reflecting national specificity caused by linguistic factors - idioms with...
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Studium genetických vztahů v sortimentu asijských odrůd hrušní
Wolf, Jan
This work was focused on the genetic relatedness of pear trees. The first part of the thessis is focused on the survey of literature about history and distribution of Asian and European pear, description of the varieties and description of biotechnology, especially AFLP. The second part of the thesis is focused on the experimental part. There is described a procedure for isolating DNA, AFLP workflow methods, evaluation and reporting results. In this work there were found out some interesting results. For example was confirmed that the variety Zao Su Li probably belongs to Ussuriensis pear group. Were confirmed close relationships between Japanese pear, Chinese sand pear and Chinese white pear varieties. Interspecific hybrid Hood was identified like probably releated with European varieties. It was as well confirmed, that interspecific hybrids Kiffer and Rafsaz are probably releated with Pyrus pyrufolia (Burm.) Nak.
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Výběr starých stromů meruněk v obci Velké Pavlovice
Kučerová, Radka
This thesis was tasked in the location to choose and describe apricot trees older than 40 years. Assess the health of trees, observe phenophases flowering and ripening fruits inclucing pomological description. For most promising trees in terms of age and vitality remove grafts for further propagation and conservation. Part of it was on to determine their coordinates GPS and introduce the map. The literary section was described species Prunus armeniaca L., were characterized traditional varieties. It also describes the history of cultivation of apricots in this area, apricot breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Practical work describe climatic conditions of the place, includes a description of 61 trees, a description of the phenological stages of flowering and ripening, description pomological and growing characteristics and evaluation of vitality trees. Based on the characteristics and outcomes were selected trees for sampling grafts, and a further propagation and were planted 106 apricot trees from 28 clones for preservation conservation on farm. All trees were localized GPS coordinates and place on a map.
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Kinesiotherapy in patiens with osteoporosis
BRAŠNIČKOVÁ, Jana
Abstract The theme of this bachelor's thesis is kinesiotherapy in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the disease of metabolism which causes the density of bone mass, the bone becomes less firm and tough. This disease can be asymptomatic in the long term, but it causes many physical and mental problems later, which markedly get worse the quality of life. The first symptoms of osteoporosis are chronic backaches and fractures caused by minimal strain. These pains often raise feelings of depression, anxiety and fear. The preconditions of origin of osteoporosis are genetic but they are formed also from the early childhood, that's why it is very important to follow healthy lifestyle which includes sufficient calcium and vitamine D intake, activity, proper diet and avoiding toxic influences from the birth. Kinesiotherapy is one of the most important ways of preventive and medical care of patients who are endangered by osteoporosis or suffer by this disease. It is aimed at the improvement of motoric stereotypes, muscular strenght, mobility, coordination and activation of deep stabilizing system. It teaches proper breathing, lying, sitting, standing, lifting and carrying loads, forward bend and relaxation. World Health Organization considers this disease as one of the biggest health problems of mankind. Therefore I think it is important to pay attention to these issues. The first part of this bachelor's thesis is aimed at theoretic knowledge, divided into general and special part. The general part includes knowledge about structure and function of a bone, defines osteoporosis, deals with its classification, its clinical symptoms, its diagnosing and risk factors. Next there are described the possibilities of therapy, preventive measures and the impact of osteoporosis. In the special part there is introduced the definition of kinesiotherapy, its medical effect and general principles which is important to follow during kinesiotherapy procedure. It deals with possibilities of kinesiotherapy according to clinical phases and then describes particular kineziotherapy methods suitable for patients with osteoporosis. The aim of a theoretical part was to outline the possibilities of kinesiotherapy of patient with osteoporosis. The second part of this thesis is my research. For this part was chosen the method of qualitative research. It was done as case history including anamnestic data, initial and final kinesiological analysis, the progress of therapy, conclusion and long-term rehabilitation plan. The data were collected during the interviews with patients, by observing of them, sampling of anamnesis, kinesiological screening and the analysis of data from medical documentation. The research set was formed by two patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. The research was carried out in rehabilitation ward Poliklinika Jih in České Budějovice during four weeks. Exercising took place twice a week for 20-30 minutes. Soft tissue techniques, mobilisations, post isometric relaxation, stretching, fitness, breathing and relaxation exercising, elements training of the back, exercising with a big ball, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensomotoric stimulation and the activation of deep stabilizing system. The aim of the research was to compile and realize the most effective kinesiotherapy procedures for chosen patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. The results show that the chosen kinesiotherapy methods influenced positively the condition of both patients. It is evident that their backache and posture are much better. They evaluate the therapy as positive and useful for their health. From the kinesiologic point of view it is evident the improvement in breathing stereotype, posture and reduction of some asymmetry and muscular unbalance which negatively influenced physical and mental aspects of patients.
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Molecular aspects of interspecific hybridization of sturgeons related to polyploidy and in situ conservation
HAVELKA, Miloš
Sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseriformes) display markedly disjunct distributions with a wide occurrence in the northern hemisphere. Their unique benthic specializations, conserved morphology, evolutionary age, the variation in their basic diadromous life history, and the large public interest due to their near extinction or critically endangered status make sturgeons and paddlefishes one of the most interesting group of vertebrates. In addition to that, ploidy diversity of Acipenseriformes possessing three ploidy groups having ~ 120 chromosomes, ~ 240 ? 270 chromosomes and ~ 360 chromosomes provides unique model for investigation of evolutionary processes which were going through the genome duplication events. Sturgeons are also notoriously known for their strong propensity to interspecific and intergeneric hybridization which can result in hybrids with various ploidy levels. All these facts make sturgeon genetics and cytogenetics a thriving but also complicated area for research. In the present work, the role of genome duplication and functional reduction evens in evolution of sturgeon species as well as sturgeons? ploidy levels and ploidy relationships among Acipenseriformes were investigated using molecular markers. In addition to that, clarification of origin of abnormal ploidy levels and observation of segregation pattern of microsatellite alleles in the course of hybridization of polyploid sturgeon species were included into this study. With regard to the all considerations and observations provided by this study we concluded that evolution of sturgeon species is still widely dynamic and ongoing process which might goes through the allopolyplodization as well as autopolyplidization events.
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Populačně genetická struktura pstruha obecného jako základ úspěšného obhospodařování lososových vod ve střední Evropě
KOHOUT, Jan
The genetic structure of 25 wild populations and five hatchery stocks from Czech Republic and Slovakia were analysed using mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear DNA (microsatellites, LDH-C1*) markers to elucidate the impact of stocking on central European populations of brown trout and to outline further management strategies. It seems that stocking practices have caused massive hybridisation between the Atlantic and Danube brown trout populations in the middle Danube basin and have led to a loss of among-population genetic variability in Slovakia and Moravia. Certain effect of stocking was detected also in the upper Danube, Vistula, Oder and Elbe River basins. However, the populations from the Elbe River basin keep certain level of among-population variability and seem to be less affected by stocking in comparison with the Danube River basin populations. There are some indications of late or post-Pleistocene penetration of the Atlantic basin trout to the Danube River basin. However, it is not clear to which extent the natural contact participated to the present distribution of Atlantic haplotypes and alleles in the Danube River basin. Samples from lower parts of the Danube River basin were therefore analysed using the same mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Samples from Aegean Sea basin were included in order to reveal genetic variability of eastern Balkan populations and to estimate an impact of stocking in this area. Very low levels of introgression from Atlantic and other non-indigenous trout were found in the eastern Balkan populations. The genetic differentiation among the populations is substantially higher in this area compared to the central European populations. The populations in headwaters of the Otava River (Elbe River basin) were analysed using microsatellites in order to reveal origin of these populations and evaluate the current management strategies of brown trout in Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area. The analysed populations were substantially differentiated from the remaining Elbe River basin populations and there was also certain level of genetic structure within trout from the headwaters of the Otava River associated with isolation by a migration barrier and geographic distance. However, stocking with hatchery trout also contributed to the pattern of genetic variability. The population of Borová Lada hatchery, which is used for stocking in Šumava exhibited higher genetic variability compared to the wild populations and it seems to be of heterogeneous origin. Comparisons of the analysed populations with populations from other areas and results from other studies indicated that mtDNA haplotypes from the lower Danube River and southern Black Sea basins differ considerably from a subclade of the Danubian lineage consisting of haplotypes found so far in the most of the Danube River basin and in the Caspian and Aral Sea basins. The results thus evidence a complex evolutionary history of brown trout in the southern and western parts of the Black Sea basin.
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The diet of an individual diagnosed with anorexia nervosa
SRBOVÁ, Martina
The aim of this Bachelor thesis entitled "A diet of individual with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa" was to monitor the content and quality of the diet of people with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a very serious disease belonging to the group of eating disorders. The prevalence of this disease increases, to which primarily affect media and requirements of today's society excessively slender figure, other factors that influence the formation of anorexia nervosa include biological factors, one of which is substantially the female sex population, the disease which is affected more often than the male sex population, then family and genetic factors, social and cultural. This Bachelor thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part deals with the characteristic eating disorders, anorexia nervosa detailed analysis, including the history, causes, symptoms and potential health complications, diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Also, I have analyzed in detail the various nutrients, mainly proteins, fats and carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins and minerals. Processing of the research I carried out through qualitative and quantitative research. The research sample consisted of six girls with anorexia nervosa, of which three girls with anorexia nervosa go untreated and three girls undergoing therapy. All the girls were students. Qualitative research was realized in the form of writing weekly menu of individual respondents in prepared tables. Intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber, then I have calculated all with using "Nutriservis Profesional" program. Quantitative research I conducted using questionnaires, from which I learned basic information about respondents, such as age, height, weight before dieting, the lowest weight and current weight, then I focused on what preceded the emergence of the disease, were therefore included questions regarding relationships with their parents and any inappropriate comments to figure from their classmates, also a question on the frequency of physical activity, undergoing therapy and hospitalization equipment, the regularity of meals, the current view of girls on their figure, and more. Then I summarized information about respondents from the questionnaires, calculate their ideal weight, which I set around the BMI (Body Mass Index) 25. The BMI is at the interface between the standard weight and overweight. Using the book "The reference values for nutrient intake" I counted Recommended Commission intakes not only energy, but also proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber, which I then compared the average value of the intake of those nutrients in the weekly diet of respondents. I analyzed the questionnaires and the diets in discussion and summarized detail information from them.
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Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against Borrelia
ŠVEJDOVÁ, Veronika
In my bachelor thesis I deal with preparation of monoclonal antibodies against antigens of Borrelia. In theoretical section I describe genus Borrelia and antibodies. The introduction deals with the history of discovery of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, vectors of this disease and classification of Borreliae according to geographical occurrence. Taxonomic categorization and description of the bacterium followers. It is focused on flagellum, arrangement of genetic material and on external surface antigens important for this bacterium. In the next section I describe Borrelia vector - host interactions and the development of immune response during the disease. Dermal symptoms of the Lyme disease are described in detail. A few words about relaxing fever are added. This chapter ends with description of laboratory diagnostics of Borrelia burgdorferi. Next, I focused on the characterization of antibodies and on preparation of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology. I briefly describe ways of their utilization. Practical part of Bachelor thesis was carried out in the laboratories of Faculty of Science. Here, with the help of hybridoma technology, I fused myeloma cells with splenocytes of immunized mice producing hybridomas. These hybridomas I cultivated in medium, which I subsequently tested for occurrence of antibodies by ELISA. Hybridomas having high productivity were cloned, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Finally I purified monoclonal antibodies, concentrated them and tested their titre.
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Hodnocení genetické diverzity genových zdrojů rostlin, programy, modely, využití
Oshea, Denisa
The bachelor thesis is a literature review on the topic of genetic diversity evaluation. The beginning is devoted to genetic diversity in general terms, its importance, its history, and its loss, that is irrecoverable and is regarded by many as the most important environmental problem. In addition, its protection, which is very important and in the Czech Republic is secured by the National program for conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. The work also describes the methods of evaluation from morphological, through biochemical to molecular. There are described and compared mainly molecular methods such as RAPD, AFLP, RT-PCR, and others. The last part is devoted to a description of some plant genomes databases. One of them is for example The European Vitis Database.
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