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Role of physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity
VRTALOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity. It is focused on children, namely pupils of the eighth and ninith grades of elementary school. Obesity is responsible for more human lives than both of the world wars and if we want this epidemic of obesity and problems associated with inactivity minimized, we have to start where it is most efficient and that is with children. The main objective is to explore physical activity in a selected group of pupils. Partial aim is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the investigated group of students using somatometric measurements in the selected location. Another objective is to determine how many of childrens parents did sports in the past or actualy do sports. The final goal is to prepare educational material for students about the importance of physical activity. The work is divided into two parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part was compiled as a secondary data analysis. Sources of data and information originated from the Czech Republic and abroad in the form of scholarly books, journals and electronic resources. The contents of the theoretical part is focused on explenation of terms such as obesity, its consequences, complications, ways to prevent obesity, physical activity, appropriate kinds of physical activity and its effects on the human body. Distinctive part is the chapter dealing with the myths of obesity some of them are really surprising. The second part is practical part and includes its own research. The investigation was conducted in a primary school Komenského alej in Žatec for pupils of the eighth and ninth grades. File featured 107 pupils. The research was conducted as a quantitative survey complemented by measurements of somatometric indicators. The data were collected using a custom non-standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 14 questions and two columns separated by line for recording the exact weight and height. We checked these data at pre-agreed periods.
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Environmental variables acquisition and evaluation
Ulrych, Vladislav ; Vasilenko, Alexandr (advisor)
The first part of thesis is devoted to the environment of the room in which is monitoring device intended - server room. There are description of calculating algorithms for proper sizing of cooling due to the heat. Further in this part is description of suitable senzors for monitoring device - physical principle, their proper use and meaning. Theoretical part also contains a list of several available ready commercial solutions of monitoring stations and their characteristics.
The second part is devoted to the assembly of monitoring device - physical build of hardware components, preparation s and connecting sensors, operating system installation, configuration and network preparation. The second part contains also instaling web server and configuration parts, that allows amek a web interface with presentation of measured physical quantities. Integration device with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for use with Zabbix monitoring system. Output from this work can be used for monitoring fundamental physical quantities in a small server room or in switch room.
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Proposal Recommended Procedure for Selecting a Credit Products for Physical Clientele
Sadílková, Květa ; Hricová, Daniela (advisor) ; Olga, Olga (referee)
The subject of the thesis Proposal recommended procedure for selecting a loan product of clients is analyzing forms of consumer credit provided to the client, evaluation and suggest optimization using a specific choice of bank and non-bank credit or loan in deciding client. The theoretical part defines the concepts of credit products, natural clientele, creditworthiness and credit registers. The issue of financing of natural persons pursues the factors that influence decisions, evaluations and indebtedness of clients. In my thesis, I also mentioned about the various types of credit registries, including information links on the subsequent granting of a loan to the client. The practical part is the description and comparison of various types of consumer contracts, provided banking and non-banking institutions. Based on the analysis of consumer contracts are found common factors and differences and then advantages and disadvantages of these contracts. This comparison is also the basis for the proposed solutions to the financing needs of individuals, particulary to optimize the selection of consumer credit products provided either banking or non-banking institutions for clients - loan applicants in the form of recommendations for applicants. In the practical part there are used personal experiences both in terms of several years of work in sociological research company, and in several activities of a credit counselor in financial institutions.
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Firefighters from occupation by unit of volunteer firefighters
Krmela, Miroslav ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with the establishment, management and work of profesional firefighters. But not the work of members of the Fire and Rescue Service, but members of the teams of the volunteer firefighters of the village, who carry out their activities in the unit as their principal occupation.
This thesis has two parts. In the first, theoretical part, I deal with legal standards which govern the emergence of units of the volunteer firefighters of the municipality, its functioning in the system of the Integrated Rescue System, organizational and operational management unit features professional fire in the unit and the demands of their professional and physical fitness, education and training. The practical part is devoted to mapping of SDH units in the Czech Republic, whose members carry out activities as their main occupation and analysis of the financial costs incurred by the employer in the functioning of the unit with the fire of occupation.
In conclusion, I summarize the findings of acquired technical knowledge, analyzing the costs of running the unit and the practical experience professional firefighters, and mention the recommendations for the founders, who decide to employ a firefighter by profession.
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Orangutans breeding and factors affecting their reproduction in captivity and in the wild
Kalkušová, Olga ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Burešová, Eva (referee)
Information concerning orangutans living in the wild and the issue of their breeding has been summarized within the framework of this thesis. Orangutans in their natural habitats in tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo are not subjected to the same influences as those bred in captivity. Their reproduction thus differs in certain aspects. Reproduction of orangutans in the wild is strongly influenced by their solitary way of life. Females are accompanied only by their young or eventually by other females and according to the studies they seek contact with males only in their period of rut. The contact is then limited to a period of time needed for copulation. One exception to this behaviour may be couples with juvenile males. After birth, the female looks after the young male for up to 8 years, having no rut during this period. The cycle of females living in the wild also shows dependency on the availability of food supply. Negative energy balance during which the cycle stops has been observed during periods of food scarcity. In the following period with abundance of food, the cycle is renewed again. The cycle renewal also occurs in cases when the female loses her young. As a consequence of these reproductive limitations females may give birth to 4 young at maximum in their life.
Guidelines have been drawn up for breeding in zoos which regulate the conditions and suitability of the exhibits so that they meet the orangutans needs. Their natural mental and physical activity is related to their health and natural behaviour. However, despite all efforts the zoos cannot provide the same conditions to the orangutans as those they would have in the wild. The forced increased socialization and contact with other individuals held in captivity may bring stress, stereotype behaviour and associated health problems which are rather frequent with orangutans bred in captivity.
According to the records in the pedigree books, the age of first reproduction and the interval between births were shorter in case of females kept in captivity. Even the keeping of males and females in one exhibit increases the probability of copulation and becoming pregnant. These changes also entail certain risks according to the studies. Breeding in captivity embodies higher mortality rate of young and adult animals. This is probably caused by young age of females at the birth and short intervals between births which are often shorter than 4 years. Females born in captivity also lack experience which they gain in the wild by learning and observing and are not able to take care of their young or refuse it later. Even females that got pregnant between the age of 11 and 14 have been described. However, such pregnancy poses a great risk for females and they die soon after birth or live much shorter. Young orangutans born in captivity were often taken away from their mothers. It is not very suitable on the one side, but on the other side, after having their young taken away from them, the females started a new, full-fledged cycle in a few weeks and could become pregnant again. However, as direct care of the young by humans has a negative effect, the young are often given back to their mothers which is successful in many cases.
Orangutans have been studied for more than 40 years and a lot of things concerning their breeding in captivity have changed during this time. Zoological gardens are trying to provide the orangutans as natural conditions as possible. It is necessary for the exhibits and the enrichment to provide enough physical and mental activities to the orangutans. Despite these efforts, the limited space and the related contacts between individuals may bring stressful situations. These are then manifested in the behaviour and health of the orangutans.
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An impact of organic farming on soil quality
Matěchová, Martina ; Jakšík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janků, Jaroslava (referee)
This work focuses on the system of organic agriculture and its impact on soil quality. It compares organic farming system with conventional. Both these systems are briefly described. There is also a list of soil quality indicators used for the soil quality is evaluation. The results of scientific studies, which dealt with different farming systems and their effects on soil properties, were discussed and evaluated.
Quality and fertile soil is crucial for production systems, however to define what means quality soil is very difficult. Therefore the number of quality indicators were established. The indicators can be grouped by their nature of soil properties they assess, such as physical, chemical and biological. Different techniques are adopted for soil quality evaluation.
Soil quality is affected by a lot of different factors. Anthropogenic activities are often considered as one of the most influential factor. The loss of soil fertility as well as other physical, chemical or biological deterioration of soil properties is called soil degradation.
The results of this study shown that careful tillage in organic farming could have positive effect or no effect on the biological and physical properties of soils. For some experiments there was an increased amount of soil organisms.
In the most experiments, application of organic fertilizers caused increase of organic matter and other essential nutrients. We conclude that under certain conditions with respect for the principles of organic farming the soil quality can be preserved or even improved, but in a longer timeframe.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Effect of evening primrose oil om selected physiological parameters of thoroughbred horses under training conditions
Mikešová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Physical exercise increases tissue demand for oxygen and cell respiration, resulting in the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of oxidants exceeding the cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to tissue damage of a wide range of biomolecules and causes metabolic changes that consequently influence performance. To protect against oxidative stress, the body has an effective antioxidant defence system, including non-enzymatic and enzymatic components. The antioxidative effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) administration on the oxidative stress of race horses during their regular training period was determined. The eight-week experiment was performed on ten clinically healthy thoroughbred horses. All the horses were enrolled in a regular training program. Eight weeks before the experiment, the horses were fed a diet which remained the same for the following eight weeks, only supplemented with 150 ml EPO (blood samplings 3 times). Total antioxidant reactivity, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, uric acid, levels, activities of muscle enzymes, eg. aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and parameters of fatty acid metabolism such as triacylglycerols and nonesterified fatty acids were determined. Average values of TAS after supplementation with EPO rose gradually and were detected at significantly higher levels in the sixth week in comparison with the control. The concentration of malondialdehyde, measured as TBARS, decreased significantly compared with the untreated control. The activities of AST and CK fluctuated, but no disturbance was demonstrated in muscle homeostasis. The present results indicate that the total antioxidant activity of the thoroughbred horses fed a diet supplemented with EPO was higher, and it helped stabilize the permeability of the muscle cell membranes in the horses at full workload.
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Evaluation nutrition of horse today at a time when the horse becomes the subject of a pets breeding
Nápravníková, Eva ; Mudřík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The master's thesis describes evolution of horses, its domestication and coexistence with humans. The hypothesis is that 'The common used feed portions in hobby breeding programmes don't correspond to true need of nutrition established according to the horses actual sport performance'.
The horse is a non-ruminant herbivore, whose digestion of fiber is based on its fermentation in the colon. Therefore there are certain limitations and requirements for the feeding technology and the composition of the feed for individual horses. The transfer of the matter through the digestive tract and absorption of nutrition in each part of the digestive tract.
The next part of the thesis concentrates on metabolism during physical work, adaptability to training and physiology of training. There is a part focused on utilization of energy from feed, where the difference between an anaerobic and aerobic metabolism is described.
To accept or decline the hypothesis, three horses with different equestrian use were chosen. The first was a Welsh Part Bred (WPB) pony mare competing in pony show jumping at L level. The second was a Czech warmblood (ČT) mare competing in both show jumping and dressage at L level. The last was a WPB pony mare used for hobby riding. For all three horses, the nutrition values of feed rations was calculated for the reporting period. These were compared with the true requirements of each horse according to their physical work. It was established that the selected horses were not fed according to their actual sports performance.
Therefore the hypothesis was confirmed. The found data was transferred into a graph form for ease of evaluation. Where there was a higher fluctuation in the value of the feed portions, it was pointed out the danger to horses with long term feeding of unsuitable feed portions.
The master's thesis shows to the owner of horses used in hobby breeding with the need to build the feed portions according to real physical work of their horses. The use of wrong feed portions and feed technology can cause health problems with long term effects.
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Zootherapy and its using for the clients of PN Bohnice
Steklá, Daniela ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Animotherapy is a relatively young branch using the positive impact of animals on the mental, physical and social health. We divide it according to the methods, forms, or animals that are used for the therapy (hippotherapy, canistherapy, felinotherapy, etc.). From the viewpoint of the use of animals in therapy it is important to specify methods AAA (activities) and AAT (therapy). While AAT is a targeted method indicated by the physician and must keep records of the course of the therapy, AAA is a method of natural interaction between the client and the animal and the conditions laid down by the methods of the AAT may not be met. All types of animotherapy should be performed or supervised by a qualified expert with appropriate education, whose task is to establish the aims and procedures of individual therapies taking into account the health status of the client and his current mental frame of mind. By acknowledging the psychological state of the client and his diagnosis, the therapist prevents emergence of dangerous situations both for the client and for the animal involved in therapy. This therapy is used as a supplement for therapeutic or rehabilitation methods. For example, it can help to create or deepen the relationship between the client and the therapist. It is not yet officially recognized as a therapeutic method.
Sociotherapeutic farm in PN Bohnice uses for therapy especially horses (called Hipotherapy (HR), and small animals. The method HR complexly affects the mental and physical state of a person and includes all forms of treatment and rehabilitation using horses for persons with a disability or handicap. Horses on the farm are used for physiotherapy and psychotherapy, while small animals are used in the form of visiting programs by gerontopsychiatric wards. Therapists worked out on the basis of many years of experience their own methodology for these therapies, using which they achieve excellent results.
The results of studies show that animotherapy has a positive effect on clients of all ages and a wide range of diseases. This is a very promising and recently much discussed subject that needs a number of other studies, to be acknowledged as a therapeutic method.
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