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Difficulties of translating an elliptical utterance containing emotive and evaluative expressions
Molchan, Maria ; Oganesjanová, Danuše (referee) ; Csiriková, Marie (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on difficulties of translating an expressive elliptical utterance and tests the validity of several partial hypotheses on the basis of several Russian contemporary fiction writings and their translations into the Czech language. As the main hypothesis we took the idea of classifiability of expressive syntactic constructions used in spoken language (first of all, ellipsis) into the system applicable in translation from Russian into Czech. In chapter Theoretical aspects of spoken language we describe the current state of research in the field of expressive syntax of spoken language and create our own classification of expressive syntactic constructions in Russian on predicativity / nonpredicativity basis. We also study communicational and pragmatic aspects of expressive syntactic forms and characterize them in terms of translation theory of equivalence and adequacy. In the empirical part of our research we add examples from fiction writing to our classification and specify it more thoroughly, mainly with regards of non-predicative constructions. The resulting syntactic models are evaluated on the basis of expressivity vehicle, vehicle of communicational meaning and type of utterance (informative, or phatic). We also judge the adequacy of translation solutions at the communicative...
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Problems of narrowly specialized technical translation: electronic dictionary of technical terms related to modern firearms, ammunition and their accessories
SEDLÁČEK, Tomáš
This master´s thesis collects vocabulary from the field of modern firearms and their accessories in English and Czech languages and forms it into a dictionary which compares the specialized translation with the translation that is provided by a technical dictionary. The theoretical part focuses on explaining the basic terminology from the field of lexicography, it introduces a brief look at the development and typology of dictionaries and the process of forming a dictionary. Detailed examination of technical and electronic dictionaries is provided and description of the specific aspects of firearm terminology. The practical part presents the specialized resources used in this work, the process of creating and layout of the dictionary which is the final product of this thesis. The conclusion summarizes the difference between the basic translation and the specialized translation and gives evidence of these differences by providing examples from the created dictionary.
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Metaphor in Czech sign language
Šůchová, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
Problem of metaphors in Czech Sign Language is handled from a cognitive linguistic approach to language point of view, especially in term of the conceptual metaphor theory, which was formulated by Lakoff and Johnson. The explanation of specifics of the iconic and metaphoric mapping in signed languages is based on recent theoretical works dealing with American Sign Language. Principles of metaphors behavior in signed languages are illustrated on many metaphoric linguistic expressions from Czech Sign Language, which realize eight conventionally conceptual metaphors - (1) orientational metaphors: MORE IS UP, GOOD IS UP, POWERFUL IS UP, THE FUTURE IS AHEAD, THE PAST IS BEHIND, (2) ontological metaphors: MIND IS A CONTAINER, IDEA S ARE OBJECTS and (3) structural metaphor: COMMUNICATION IS SENDING.
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Jungmann´s translation of Milton´s Paradise Lost
MÍKOVÁ, Martina
This Bachelor thesis will be concerned with the problem of translating the work Paradise Lost into the Czech language. It will concentrate on Jungmann's handling of form and vocabulary and adapting it for contemporary society and its requirements. It will try to determinate the extent to which the issue of translation during the National Revival relates to the cultural policy at the time.
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Compositions for Singing with Accompaniment of Chamber Formations with the Clarinet
Tauchmanová, Hana ; HLAVÁČ, Jiří (advisor) ; MAREŠ, Vlastimil (referee)
This thesis deals with using general methodical principles while teaching to play the clarinet and to sing particular compositions – the song cycle by Louis Spohr “Sechs deustsche Lieder fur eine Singstimme, Klarinette und Klavier op. 103“ and the song by Franz Schubert “Der Hirt auf dem Felsen D (965)“.
The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly mentions the historical background of birth of the compositions with a special regard to the changes in the musical life in the 19th century and the personal lives of both composers.
The second chapter, Personality of the performer, observes important aspects which no performer should ever forget about while studying a chamber piece of work, such as mental preparation, the issue of memory, but also the right choice of repertoire with respect to the characteristics of the soprano voice, for which both compositions were written. Other aspects include posture on the stage, breath support, intonation, sound consistence and making use of all the aspects while performing the song by F. Schubert as well as the song cycle by L. Spohr.
Other two chapters are dedicated to both compositions, the third being focused on L. Spohr´s “Sechs deustsche Lieder fur eine Singstimme, Klarinette und Klavier op. 103“ and the fourth focusing on Franz Schubert´s “Der Hirt auf dem Felsen D (965)“. The circumstan-ces of birth of both compositions are described, loose translation of the texts is provided as well as performer´s experience with the particular songs.
The last (fifth) chapter, Historical faithfulness of interpretation, is a short contemplation over the fact to what extent a performer is able to depict the original idea of the author by means of contemporary technical possibilities.
The thesis describes personal opinions, experience, feelings and problems which its writer encountered while studying the clarinet and singing parts of the compositions.
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Special case of burning people
PETRÁK, Martin
In the Czech Republic, as well as in other countries, there are cases of fires reported, where the thermal destruction of the body of the victim is not a result of thermal effects of a fire of the surrounding space. These fires are typical for the affected area that is limited to the body and the immediate surroundings only. Frequently the bodies show extensive and complete thermal destruction of tissues to high levels of carbonization. Human tissue combustion appears in foreign sources, especially popular science, described with the term "Spontaneous Human Combustion". In the Czech Republic the translation equivalent is "samovolné vzplanutí osob". The motivation for the choice of the topic "Special Cases of Human Combustion" was the lack of adequate fire origin investigation methodology to be used by the members of the Fire and Rescue Service of CR. The other reason for the choice of the topic was the misleading information published in popular science sources and alternative information sources. The first step of the research was the literature research of the available professional texts and specific fire reports. Based on information gathered was designed scope and conditions of a research experiment conducted on samples of the same type of animal tissue, which corresponds to the human tissue. For the samples the tissue of a domestic pig was used and the samples were prepared to contain uniform percentages of muscle, fat and bone, including skin. The experiment was carried out in an accredited laboratory owned by the company PAVÚS, a.s. - fire testing laboratory #1026 in Veselí nad Lužnicí. With each sample the influence of different flammable substances on the level of subsequent damage of the animal tissue was tested. The influence of typical layered clothing, flammable base and cover was evaluated. Different real environment conditions were simulated with each sample. The aim of the thesis was an evaluation of the possibility of a start and the process of combustion of animal tissue. It was confirmed that the combustion of animal tissue, including bone tissue, is possible in a regular fire. The flammable materials in the form of clothing and the presence and the characteristics of a flammable base are crucial for the start and process of the combustion. The experiment revealed the possibility of further independent combustion of the tissue when supplied with a certain amount of initial energy by burning of the surrounding materials. The combustion of animal tissue characterically takes predominantly the form of smouldering lasting several hours, where the maximal measured temperature of the surface of the sample was 644,50 oC. The experiment further revealed the temperatures of the human tissue combustion not to be high enough to cause an ignition of flammable materials within defined distance. The results of the thesis can be used to define the basic guidelines for the members of Fire and Rescue Service of CR and the criminal justice, who can provide support with investigation of the causes of these types of fires of persons.
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The influence of co-sleeping on future anxiety of children
VÍTKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor´s theses discusses the social aspect of falling asleep and sleaping druring the early child developement and their influence on the future anxiety of a child. It is focused maily on the phenomena of co-sleeping, basic anxiety, basic trust and on their mutual interaction influencing a developement of a person. The theoretical part offers an essential knowlidge about the mentioned phenomenas. Furthemore, it is to be found there the description of several international studies available. The empiric section was focused on the exploration of practising co-sleeping and its influence on many areas such as the developement of a trait anxiety during the childhod, a basic trust, a secure base, the feelig of an alienation and an insecure attachemet. The total lenght of a practised co-sleeping was also considered according to the theoretical knowledge which defines the ideal co-sleeping time from 0 to 2 years of a baby. The sample (n=101) included the pairs of a primary caregiver and a child, the age of children in the sample was specified from 9 to 12 years (9 and 12 included). For a data collection the translated version of SCARED questionnaire, the czech version of IPPA questionnaire and a custom initial questionnaire were used. The mathematical and statistical analyses was performed via Statistika 10 program, both of the parametric and a non-parametric testing were used (t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson´s correlation coeficient, Spearman´s rho). There were 4 hypoteses defined at the beggining. Anyway, none of them could be validated due to the statistic results. The causes and limits of this conclusion are finally summarized in the discussion.
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Analysis of the Czech and Spanish (Colombia) "Health Care" Terminology
FROŇKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this Bachelor Thesis is to give the reader an idea about the health care system in Colombia and about the appropriate institutions and afterwards particularly evaluate the extent of similarities and differences among them and corresponding Czech institutions. In the theoretical part an issue of conversion or translation of terms from source to the target language is outlined. In other chapters the health care system in the Czech Republic is briefly introduced as well as further detailed description of the Colombian health care system. Also, the reader is familiarized with the institutions to which the practical part of the thesis is dedicated to. This part is focused on the comparative analysis of selected Colombian and Czech institutions participating in the healthcare system. The thesis also contains bilingual glossaries and a summary in Spanish.
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Italian noun denoting colors and their collocations - a corpus analysis
ŠTIKAROVÁ, Pavla
The subject of this thesis is to investigate the Italian names of colours, placing them into context and issue of translation of the names of colours into Czech. The thesis has two parts. The first part theoretical deals in general with colours and colour terms, colour perception, symbologies, research and etymology. This thesis also analyse the process of colour perception throughout history and in the evolution of humans. In the practical part we will then get through five subdivisions to the terms from the area of biology (the names of plants and animals), in which there occurs any of Italian names of colours then we get to idiomatic expressions, uniting with the verb, comparison and collocation, in which there also occur terms indicating colours. In all of these five areas, we analyse similarity between the two languages by using analogous databases in Czech language and translation into Czech language. The aim of this thesis is delimitation of colour terms in the Italian language, their definition, putting into context, confrontation of loose and established closer links and also their comparison with Czech.
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Concepts of Authorship in Modern Aesthetics
MATYSOVÁ, Daniela
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems of an author and an authorship in modern aesthetic concepts, especially on a question of relevance of the author's intention in relation to the interpretation and evaluation of works of art, as it has been estabilished by New Criticism (Wimsatt, Beardsley), developed (Blanchot, Barthes, Foucault) or opposed (Hirsch, Walton, Compagnon) to the present conception. It also pursues the intencionalist's and antiintencionalist's position in relationship of the text and speaking, and the concequences of the intention of the speaker when translating from speech to the written record (Ricoeur, Derrida). The thesis tries to determine difficulties and theoretical solutions of individual concepts and in the process it also takes into consideration an understanding of the authorship in the common reader's experience and in the point of view of the general public.
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