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Nursing care and nourishment of premature baby
LONGÍNOVÁ, Ilona
NURSING CARE AND NOURISHMENT OF PREMATURE BABY A newborn baby isn´t a little adult, a newborn baby is basically a defenceless creature demanding a very complex care that aims at creating secure conditions for its life. It requires love, tenderness and a lot of devotion for the whole period of 24 hours. The bachelor´ s dissertation paper is dealing with the subject `` Nursing care and nourishment of a premature baby{\crqq} In the theory section the difference between a physiological and high risk newborn baby, the principles of care on the intermediary ward, the nourishment problems and the favourable consequences of breast feeding and breast milk not only on these children are described. Some of the aspects of the care are pointed out aiming at satisfying the basic needs of a baby. Dissertation objective: The paper itself is engaged in finding out something about how well mothers of high risk newborn babies, who are hospitalized on intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice, are informed on a suitable care and nourishment procedures in their children. It should find out how far they have gone with their knowledge of the way their children should be taken care of before they leave the hospital. It is supposed to highlight the drawbacks of the staff , to remove these drawbacks and thus to improve the quality of care. Hypotheses: Two positive hypotheses were formulated referring directly to the particulars goals. 1/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are aware of the necessity of properly nourishing the child. 2/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are sufficiently informed about the proper care leading to meeting the needs of their children. Data Collecting: The research mentioned above was carried out on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice. A questionnaire was composed to collect the relevant data. There were 22 questionnaires handed out in each ward and the research group was set up including 37 mothers of the hospitalized children. The questions included in the questionnaire referred predominantly to how well the mothers are informed about the child´s care and nourishing problems and they were supplemented with some identification. The gained information was properly processed and evaluated. The results were put in graphs. To get a more distinct picture of the results a pie chart was selected. The research results are assessed in the discussion and confronted with the hypotheses. Conclusions: Both the nourishing care and the nourishment of a premature baby are a subject involving a lot of medical, psychological and social problems. A maternity ward nurse plays a very important and definite role in the care of a premature baby. Supported by her profesonal abilities she is able to initiate such a method of work that reacts immediately to the needs of a child in a positive way. The educational contact with the child´s parents is eqally important and plays a very precise role. The fact how well mothers are informed is influenced by their age, by how much they are interested in getting information and its resources and how much they are willing to be educated by the medical staff on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice where they are hospitalized with their children. The research results are very good.
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The specifics of pediatric radiology
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Veronika
Hardly anything is able to induce stronger emotions in the average man than those induced by matters relating to children. Paediatric patients are not little adults, so not only high-quality modern instrumentation and specific procedures, but also the medical staff?s professional attitude and an adapted environment are desirable when applying radiologic diagnostic imaging techniques. The priority requirement is generally to minimize the radiation burden ? both the overall dose and especially the gonadal dose. In terms of radiation protection, it applies twice to children that the indication for the use of an examination must always be thoroughly considered. A paediatric radiologist must always accurately determine the correct sequence of individual methods (a so-called examination algorithm) that will give the best diagnostic result with the lowest radiation burden and invasiveness. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis was to analyze the difference in a radiology assistant?s approach to a child and to an adult during radiology examinations and to determine whether a child and his/her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information when the child undergoes radiology examinations. To clear up the aims of the bachelor?s thesis, research using a technique in which two questionnaires were used was used to collect data. The questionnaires were in both the printed form and the electronic form. The surveys took place in selected radiology departments in Strakonice, in Pisek, in Plzeň, and in Ústí nad Labem. The respondents chose from the answer options for some questions and filled in their answers for the others. The respondents? answers are represented using graphs in the ?Results? chapter. The individual graphs are described there and the most interesting answers to questionnaire questions are supplemented by general thoughts and my personal assumptions and opinions in the following ?Discussion? chapter. The practical part of the bachelor?s thesis proves that the aim of the thesis was achieved. The research questions were answered. The surveys found that the answer to the first research question, i.e. whether radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult when applying radiological imaging methods, was ?yes?. Radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult. The answer to the second research question, i.e. whether a child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations, is also positive. A child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations. I have summarised the results of my work in the ?Conclusion? chapter. Further, the surveys found that persons accompanying a child perceive the environment of radiology departments as a friendly, safe and comfortable environment. The only lack of accompanying persons? awareness that could be perceived negatively from the results of the questionnaires within this bachelor?s thesis is the finding that the lay public is not clear about the amount of radiation received during certain radiological examinations (CTs and X-ray examinations) and that the possibility of buying the record of a radiological examination on a CD is not generally known. There is room for active radiology workers who are interested in raising public awareness about radiology examinations. This bachelor?s thesis proved that also lay persons accompanying children are interested in being a part of the team, trying to achieve a beneficial result of the examination. The purpose of the bachelor?s thesis was to prepare a comprehensive text on issues of specifics in paediatric radiology that can be used as supplementary material when examining children.
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Complex analysis of the risks to the Children´s Center Plzeň and the proposal subsequent measures to civil protection
BĚLOHLAVÁ, Nikola
The thesis analyses the potential risks threaten the health facility Children´s Center Pilsen. The legal definition of this Centre is currently complicated. The result of this thesis is risk analysis and emergency documentation witch the facility will be used in practice and include it in its documentation.The aim was to analyze the risks from the available documentation, by collecting data to process emergency documentation for Children´s Center and develop the auxiliary material for staff of the medical facility.The thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical part presents the basis for preparation of the practical part of thesis. I deal with the basic concepts of the IRS,which will be mentioned in the practical part of thesis. The theoretical part describes similar analysis of the risks and the available methods of analysis than can by used.I used KARS analysis which identified priority risks and SWOT analysis through which I discovered strengths and weaknesses, which I used in the evaluation of the discussion. The last chapter is about caring for children up to 3 years in Czech republic. This area is still a delicate topic, because this facilities are not unified and have different status and founder. I progressed factual-analytic method during processing this thesis. I have worked with the available documentation, literature and various mapping portals. It was also necessary to asses legislation. It was the necessary communication with experts and especially the employees DC Pilsen and adapted the documentation to their needs.The next part of this thesis is research. It was important to accurately characterize the area in which the Center is because of this characteristic appeared individual threats. The second step was work with emergency and crisis documentation of Pilsen which were selected from several sources incidents and crisis situations that would have an impact of the functioning of Children´s Center. That treats were applied on Center and have been described in detail and recored in the analysis KARS. It was necessary to adapt KARS analysis to the object. After the identification of priority risks and their connection I used SWOT analysis for identifies weaknesses and threats that can not arise from emergency and crisis documentation. This threats can not arise because the crisis documentation of city talks about the risks across the board. The SWOT analysis has resulted specific factors to be considered in the context of emergency preparedness Center improvement. This factors are discussed in the debate. After constructing the analysis was necessary to provide the proposal subsequent measures identified risks. It had be taken into account that the resulting incidents will address primarily the staff and it had to be adapted solutions. It showed 8 risks which threaten both building and which were until now not addressed. Another risks was determined in subsequent analysis for each building of Center separately.For the same incidents were proposed identical proposals because it allowed the situation. Specific solutions were proposal especially for the individual parts of the facility Annex thesis is emergency documentation Children´s Center Pilsen which includes prepared checklists on specific incidents for staff. This checklists supplement existing documentation. Risk with the highest priority is a blackout which would affect a number of othersubsystems. The solution is to purchase a replacement source of electricity. It turned out that the advantage is the separation of buildings (Na Chmelnicich and Partyzanska) in this case because infants and toddlers may be shifted to the second building Children´s Center. The surprise is that the building Children´s Center Partyzanska is not included in the zone of interest Pilsner Urquell brewery.
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Coordinated support pupils with multiple disabilities in Příbram region
JELÍNKOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis is called "Coordinated support to pupils with multiple handicap in Příbram region"and it is divided into two main parts. The first part is theoretical and here I define the term health and multiple handicap, which is further on classified. Then I deal with the possibilities of education of pupils with multiple handicap and I examine the methods of work used in this area. Since these individuals often have limited possibilities in communication, I also mention the communication systems of AAC. In the second chapter of the theoretical part I describe one important part of care for people with multiple handicap - means of the comprehensive system of rehabilitation: medical, social, educational and working means of rehabilitation. In the practical part I discuss the aims, the methodology and the analysis of gathered data. At first I analyse the coordinated support of pupils with multiple handicap at schools in Příbram region. I have mapped institutions which educate pupils with multiple handicap and also other institutions cooperating with them. After that I analyse the interviews which I carried out and which are attached in the annexes. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out the amount and distribution of institutions educating pupils with multiple handicap. I also try to determine whether the amount of these institutions is sufficient. Finally, I wanted to create an information leaflet about these schools. The question that I set to fulfil the main objective is: "What is the amount and distribution of institutions educating pupils with multiple handicap in Příbram region?" and a sub-question: "Is this amount sufficient?". During the research I determined another question, which should help me with mapping these institutions, gaining important information about them and creating the leaflet: "How is the education of pupils with multiple handicap carried out at schools in Příbram region?" and a sub-question: "Do these institutions provide a coordinated support for these pupils?". I performed the research using semi - standardized interviews with specialists from these schools, the consulting organization (SPC) and with parents of children with multiple handicap. Interviews were executed by asking some pre-prepared questions and were recorded on a dictaphone, with the consent of respondents. For better interpretation of the results, I have divided the questions into three categories. The data from the interviews was supplemented with information from relevant websites I have analyzed. The result of this work is the mapping of coordinated care for pupils at schools of Příbram region and a creation of the information leaflet about institutions educating pupils with multiple handicap (where I mention also some nonprofit institutions providing care for primary school graduates and for adults with disabilities). Whether there are enough such institutions in Příbram region is not totally certain but a slightly prevailing opinion says that there are not. There is a lack of primary schools and specialists dealing with pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), who would have some work experience with these individuals. The atmosphere in the examined schools is friendly, the pedagogues and educators generally like their job and the cooperation with parents is usually without problems. However, the classroom equipment needs to be modificated including teaching tools. Teachers do not use rehabilitation techniques very much and these schools hardly ever offer any therapies. On the other hand, these activities are offered by cooperating organizations (Alka, Krok, Pessos) that help these schools provide the means of comprehensive rehabilitation system and thus the coordinated support is secured.
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Preschool and the Folk Fairy Tale
Litterová, Klára ; MACHKOVÁ, Eva (advisor) ; PROVAZNÍK, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with folk fairy tales and their uses for children from the age of three to six, who attend preschool or leisure time clubs at family centres. The introduction describes the folk fairy tales´ influence on small children and their benefits to them. It also specifies the possibilities of the use of this kind of fairy tales for the pre-school children and it gives examples of the possible work with them by means of drama methods. The thesis contains particular subject-matters of particular lessons and projects that have been carried out with the children of this age. The core of this work is the description of the creation of three productions for pre-school children with the students at ZUŠ. There were three fairy tales processed to become an introductory parts of the preschool preventive programme. The described processes and difficulties that rose up during the formation of this project are supplemented by the scripts of two realized performances.
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Education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of ear, nose, throat.
EKHARDTOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of this study was to uncover phenomena in the effective education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and to create a functional educational material, using elements of game therapy. The theoretical part contains information about the problems of hospitalized children, their perception of illness and hospitalization and brings facts about the negative reactions of children in this difficult period. This part of study describes the education of children at the hospital and introduces simple instructions how to communicate with the child. This part of study also describes the nurse's work at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat and describes the most frequent procedures with children at this department. Another part of this study is focused on the preoperative preparation and the last part of this study is focused on the gaming therapy. Following research questions were provided to achieve the main aims of this study: 1. How is the children education provided in the Department of ETH in the chosen hospital? 2. What kind of children's educational strategies is used at the pre-operative care at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the chosen hospital? 3. What are the effectiveness of educational strategies applied on the principle of game therapy? This research was based on qualitative survey. The research was divided into three parts. The results of the research are in the practical part of this study. Data were collected between December 2014 and March 2015 at the Otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec. The first part of the research was focused on interviews with the nurses. Interviews were semi-structured and contained eight questions. The second part of the research was focused on seven questions of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children's deputy. These two parts of the research was supplemented by direct structured observation focused on the children and children's deputy education at the hospital before the surgery. Due the working department management the direct structured observation was carried out at the moment of hospital admission because there is the education most extensive and the most important. Based on the results of the first two parts of the research of this study the new education materials were created and applied in the third part of the research of this study. One of the new created education materials was an electronic Power Point presentation used in hospital's tablets. The second new applied educational material was a Teddy Bear. The results of these interviews showed that the main source of information is mainly a doctor. The nurse completes the education. Interviewed nurses realize the importance of education for children and their parents. First, the education is carried out at the hospital Infimary Room based on verbal and individual way. Then the education is carried out in the Hospital Room or in the Surgery Room before the surgery if the patient's condition allows children can for example touch the respirator etc. The education is more focused on children's deputy. The big advantage for children is a fact, than they can be accompanied by their deputy. The children's deputy can stay till the child fall asleep before the surgery. The effectivity of the education is controlled by nurses. There is one alarming result of the survey. One of the nurses believes that non educated child feels just the same as educated. However, this result wasn't confirmed. There is only minimal occurrence of the game therapy at the department. Nurses express positive opinion about the education with occurrence of the game therapy but negative phenomenon of this strategy they find in the lack of the time. The observed fact is those interviewed deputies were very satisfied with the education in most of the cases. The practical part of this study is focused on application of educational material.
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The life of the sibling of an autistic child in family
KOŘÍNKOVÁ, Jana
The sibling relationship represents a very important feature of man's life and the experience gained from it is irreplaceable. Relationships between siblings are influenced by many factors: age, gender of the children, age difference or a handicap of one of them. This thesis deals with the subject of the influence of an autistic child on their sibling. Two research questions were determined: Do parents perceive any difference between their approaches to the healthy and the autistic child? What does the healthy sibling view as negatives and positives of living together with an autistic sibling? The thesis consists of two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part comprises two main chapters. The first chapter discusses the autism itself; it presents the basic definition of autism, the diagnostic possibilities, the most common signs, and a brief description of particular forms of autism spectre disorder (ASD). The second chapter focuses on the family of the child with ASD, principally on his/her sibling the definition of the term family, parenting styles in family, parents and siblings of autistic child, birth order, jealousy and rivalry. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on scholarly sources mainly from the fields of special needs education and psychology. The practical part concentrates on the research. The qualitative research method was selected for this part, namely the narrative conversation. The conversations were held with parents and siblings of autistic individuals. Besides, the thesis is supplemented with appendices that consist not only of wordto- word transcriptions of the conversations and the informed consent template but also of some additions to the theoretical part.
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Possibilities and importance of art education of pupils with visual impairment in elementary education
SEKYROVÁ, Natálie
The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of the possibilities and importance of art education of pupils with visual impairment in elementary education. The aim of the thesis is to present the possibilities and importance of art education for the development of cognitive and motor function of the upper limbs of young learners with visual disabilities. The practical aim is to create a modified school educational program (SEP) for the subject area Art education that would address the special needs of pupils with visual impairment or blind at the first grade of primary school. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the definition of visual impairment, its classification and structuring by grade, type and causes. The second chapter is about the etiology of visual impairment. The third chapter deals with the specific development of children with visual impairment at school age. Specifically, the cognitive development of children this age with visual impairment is described. The focus is on the visual, auditory and tactile perception as well as attention, memory, thinking and speech. The fourth chapter describes the capabilities of the elementary education related to teaching students with visual impairments. First, the related legislation, early care and preschool education are noted. Afterwards, a large part of the chapter is devoted to elementary education either through integration or at the elementary school for the visually impaired. Basic information on secondary education is also provided for the sake of completeness. The last theoretical chapter is dedicated to the art education for pupils with visual impairment. The practical part presents the proposed modification of elementary school education program for mainstream schools. First, the presented aims and methodology of the practical part are listed, including a description of the research and analysis of the SEP field for elementary schools. The last part includes the modification proposal itself; the original and modified curriculum and expected outputs and methodological supplement specifically for blind and visually impaired students are presented in form of dedicated tables. Qualitative approaches were used for the practical part of the thesis. The data were collected by an analysis of documents (specifically school education program). The thesis is usable as a study material for students of special education, special educators, and after a formal update also for the target group of parents and pupils with visual impairments. It could serve as a methodical suggestions for teachers in primary mainstream schools and pupils with visual impairment that have such educational needs.
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Overweight and Obesity in Relation with Physical Inactivity
PERSANOVÁ, Petra
As follows from the title, the bachelor thesis deals with overweight and obesity in connection with lack of movement. The whole thesis is divided in two parts, theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is split in several chapters. At first, I present the explanation of basic concepts, as obesity and overweight. The next part of thesis contains the classification as per body mass index (BMI), where I state in the table of BMI ranging from underweight up to obesity of the 3rd degree. Moreover I state in the thesis the BMI percentile split of children. In the next chapter, I focus on risks of obesity, which are very important. I am interested also in risk factors connected with overweight and obesity. One of the chapters is devoted to complications of obesity, especially to metabolic syndrome, being one of the main complications, and for this reason it is analysed in detail in thesis. An essential chapter is movement and associated support of physical activities. I analyse the choice of suitable activities for obese individuals. Especially swimming, walking and cycling are stated here. Moreover I treat the medically orientated fitness - the aerobic and muscle fitness, flexibility and body composition. In the end of thesis, the issue of inactivity is mentioned. In the practical part, the research data were used acquired by quantitative questioning method by means of a standardized IPAQ questionnaire. The questionnaire is anonymous and it consisted of 5 parts focused on physical activity, demographic questions and supplementing data. The first part of questionnaire concerned physical activity during the work and study, the second part was devoted to physical activity during the transport, the third part concerned physical activity during the homework and maintenance of house (flat). The fourth part of the questionnaire dealt with free time physical activity and the fifth part was focused on the time spent by sitting. Demographic questions concerned the sex of respondents and age. And finally the questionnaire contained supplementing data, height and weight of respondents. The pre-printed form of questionnaires was subsequently distributed to students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice. The questioned persons were provided information how to proceed during filling in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was determined for students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice. In total 215 questionnaires were distributed, 200 of them were returned filled in correctly, the return rate was 93 %. Quantitative data were processed by basic statistic methods and represented graphically. The target of my bachelor thesis was to find out the relationship between frequency and intensity of physical activities in connection with overweight and obesity of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice. Two hypotheses were set in the research. Hypothesis 1: Students men and women having a higher BMI (Body Mass Index) than 25 will have a different frequency of physical activity than students men and women with BMI lower than 25. This hypothesis was refuted based on the research performed within bachelor thesis. Hypothesis 2: Students men and women having a higher BMI (Body Mass Index) than 25 will have a different intensity of physical activities than students men and women with BMI lower than 25. This hypothesis was accepted and confirmed based on the research performed within bachelor thesis. Based on acquired data, bachelor thesis will serve for clarification of issue of overweight and obesity in relation to physical inactivity. The thesis may be determined for lay public to deepen the information about this issue.
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Fiber and its consumption on a hospital bed
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Ivana
The theme of the bachelor thesis is Fiber and its consumption on a hospital bed. Dietary fiber is defined as a carbohydrate food ingredient that cannot be transformed by one´s own enzymes. Fiber was originally considered a ballast food component. Gradually, it was found that it is a part of food fermented by colonic bacteria. Fiber is substrate for these bacteria and they transform it into substances intended for human organism. Fiber can be divided into soluble and insoluble. Both types are essential for human nutrition. A recommended fiber intake for an adult is 30 g per day. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, was used qualitative research method. The research sample consisted of hospital two-weeks menus. One diet was applied in the hospital facility in the Central Bohemian region and one in the South Bohemian region. Using a computer program "Nutriservis Professional" I calculated the fiber content in the individual meals. The findings were compared with the recommended daily intake published in the book called Referenční hodnoty pro příjem živin and S výživou po celý rok. I also calculated energy value, amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates of the menus. The results were compared with the recommended values. As a research I interviewed the nutritional therapists in the hospital facilities about the patient´s diet and possible solutions to health problems caused by a lack of fiber. The interviews consisted of eight open questions focused on the fiber consumption, denying of foods containing fiber. The results of calculation previewed the menu at the first hospital facility that fiber deficiency occurs primarily in a liquid diet, while for rational diet, diabetic diet and for infants and older children the fiber content is sufficient. The menu of the other hospital contains insufficient amount of fiber, especially for diabetic diet or geriatic diet reducing fat. On the other hand, diabetic diet contains a plenty of fiber. The interviews that were supposed to find out how nutritional therapists approch the fiber issues in diets brought similar responses. The hospital in the Central Bohemian region include into the diet especially fruit, vegetable, whole grain products and legumes. Older patients ages constipation suffering from bowel obstuction, intestinal disease and flatulence frequently refuse fiber, especially legumes. If a patient has health problems caused be the lack of fiber nutritional therapists usually solve this problem by education and inclusion of fruit, vegetable and whole meal bread into the patient's diet. The hospital in the South Bohemian region frequently include into the diet potatoes, rice, fruit, legumes, vegetable and whole grain breads. Fiber is often rejected by older people and people suffering from diarrheal diseases. Health problems resulting from the lack of fiber are often solved by recommending by foods containing fiber or the nutritional supplements such as NutriFibre.
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