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Sharing Local Information for Faster Scanning-Window Object Detection
Hradiš, Michal ; Kälviäinen, Heikki (referee) ; Matas, Jiří (referee) ; Zemčík, Pavel (advisor)
Cílem této dizertační prace je vylepšit existující detektory objektů pomocí sdílení informace a výpočtů mezi blízkými pozicemi v obraze. Navrhuje dvě metody, které jsou založené na Waldově sekvenčním testu poměrem pravděpodobností a algoritmu WaldBoost. První z nich, Early non-Maxima Suppression , přesunuje rozhodování o potlačení nemaximálních pozic ze závěrečné fáze do fáze vyhodnocování detektoru, čímž zamezuje zbytečným výpočtům detektoru v nemaximálních pozicích. Metoda neighborhood suppression doplňuje existující detektory o schopnost zavrhnout okolní pozice v obraze. Navržené metody je možné aplikovat na širokou škálu detektorů. Vyhodnocení obou metod dokazují jejich výrazně vyšší efektivitu v porovnání s detektory, které vyhodnocují jednotlivé pozice obrazu zvlášť. Dizertace navíc prezentuje výsledky rozsáhlých experimentů, jejichž cílem bylo vyhodnotit vlastnosti běžných obrazových příznaků v několika detekčních úlohách a situacích.
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Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection
Fapšo, Michal ; Matoušek, Jindřich (referee) ; Metze, Florian (referee) ; Černocký, Jan (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá vyhledáváním výrazů v řeči pomocí mluvených příkladů (QbE STD). Výrazy jsou zadávány v mluvené podobě a jsou vyhledány v množině řečových nahrávek, výstupem vyhledávání je seznam detekcí s jejich skóre a časováním. V práci popisujeme, analyzujeme a srovnáváme tři různé přístupy ke QbE STD v jazykově závislých a jazykově nezávislých podmínkách, s jedním a pěti příklady na dotaz. Pro naše experimenty jsme použili česká, maďarská, anglická a arabská (levantská) data, a pro každý z těchto jazyků jsme natrénovali 3-stavový fonémový rozpoznávač. To nám dalo 16 možných kombinací jazyka pro vyhodnocení a jazyka na kterém byl natrénovaný rozpoznávač. Čtyři kombinace byly tedy závislé na jazyce (language-dependent) a 12 bylo jazykově nezávislých (language-independent). Všechny QbE systémy byly vyhodnoceny na stejných datech a stejných fonémových posteriorních příznacích, pomocí metrik: nesdružené Figure-of-Merit (non pooled FOM) a námi navrhnuté nesdružené Figure-of-Merit se simulací normalizace přes promluvy (utterrance-normalized non-pooled Figure-of-Merit). Ty nám poskytly relevantní údaje pro porovnání těchto QbE přístupů a pro získání lepšího vhledu do jejich chování. QbE přístupy použité v této práci jsou: sekvenční statistické modelování (GMM/HMM), srovnávání vzorů v příznacích (DTW) a srovnávání grafů hypotéz (WFST). Abychom porovnali výsledky QbE přístupů s běžnými STD systémy vyhledávajícími textové výrazy, vyhodnotili jsme jazykově závislé konfigurace také s akustickým detektorem klíčových slov (AKWS) a systémem pro vyhledávání fonémových řetězců v grafech hypotéz (WFSTlat). Jádrem této práce je vývoj, analýza a zlepšení systému WFST QbE STD, který po zlepšení dosahuje podobných výsledků jako DTW systém v jazykově závislých podmínkách.
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Intrusion Detection in Network Traffic
Homoliak, Ivan ; Čeleda, Pavel (referee) ; Ochoa,, Martín (referee) ; Hanáček, Petr (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá problematikou anomální detekce síťových útoků s využitím technik strojového učení. Nejdříve jsou prezentovány state-of-the-art datové kolekce určené pro ověření funkčnosti systémů detekce útoků a také práce, které používají statistickou analýzu a techniky strojového učení pro nalezení síťových útoků. V další části práce je prezentován návrh vlastní kolekce metrik nazývaných Advanced Security Network Metrics (ASNM), který je součástí konceptuálního automatického systému pro detekci průniků (AIPS). Dále jsou navrženy a diskutovány dva různé přístupy k obfuskaci - tunelování a modifikace síťových charakteristik - sloužících pro úpravu provádění útoků. Experimenty ukazují, že použité obfuskace jsou schopny předejít odhalení útoků pomocí klasifikátoru využívajícího metriky ASNM. Na druhé straně zahrnutí těchto obfuskací do trénovacího procesu klasifikátoru může zlepšit jeho detekční schopnosti. Práce také prezentuje alternativní pohled na obfuskační techniky modifikující síťové charakteristiky a demonstruje jejich použití jako aproximaci síťového normalizéru založenou na vhodných trénovacích datech.
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The Pump with a Diffuser with Stochastic Blades (Runner and Diffuser)
Dobšáková, Lenka ; Melichar, Jan (referee) ; Veselý, Jindřich (referee) ; Haluza, Miloslav (advisor)
This doctoral thesis studies the non-uniform blade cascade for centrifugal pumps. Influence of non-uniform blade cascade is investigated on the impeller and diffuser. A non-uniform blading impeller of pumps in this doctoral thesis was examined in terms of influence on efficiency characteristic. The idea of using non-uniform blading is to obtain a flat efficiency characteristic. Then the centrifugal pump could be used on larger scale of power with achieving a sufficiently high efficiency. The work is based on experimental measurements and numerical simulations of non-uniform hydraulic pump components. Non-uniform impeller and the diffuser were newly designed for this research. A new measuring track of small submersible pumps was needed to design and build for measurements. Different pump combinations with conventional hydraulics on one working point and hydraulics with non-uniform were measured. All measurements were evaluated and characteristics of efficiency, head and power were obtained for each measured combination. Some of pump combinations (which were measured in experiment) were numerically simulated by program Ansys Fluent. Data needed to evaluate the characteristic of efficiency and specific energy were collected from each numerical simulation. A theoretical consideration concerns the influence of non-uniform blade cascade applied on diffuser. The suggestion how to decrease hydraulic losses in canals was done. The theoretical consideration how to make a flat efficiency characteristic was made.
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Vývoj metodologické a technologické platformy pro neinvazivní odhad fenolických látek v listech a bobulích
ŠEBELA, David
Plant optical signals can serve as important source of information about biochemical and physiological processes in plants. These signals are influenced by compounds synthesized by plants during primary or secondary metabolism and thus, can also serve as their qualitative and quantitative indicators. Light reaching plant surface (leaf or fruit) can undergo three main pathways- it can be (i) reflected, (ii) absorbed or it can (iii) transmit through plant material. The probability of these three processes depends on particular wavelength of incident irradiation and on the morphological characteristics of plant tissues themselves. As such, plant contains various spectrum of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescent compounds which can either reflect, absorb or pass incident irradiation through at specific wavelengths. Biophysical techniques working with these optical properties of plant pigments and/or other compounds have become universal and common tool in basic and applied research. To quote some example, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, UV induced fluorescence or spectroscopic techniques are on the top of interest thanks to its non-invasive nature, allowing maintain the integrity of measured cells or the whole plant constituents. The main aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive study on the possibility of non-invasive monitoring of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits.
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Injuries of children at home
POCHYLÁ, Petra
The theoretical part of this thesis is oriented at an actual issue of accidents involving children in home environment, their prevention and a correct provision of first aid by a non-professional at these types of selected accidents. The practical part of this thesis was led by a qualitative form of research, a method of a semicontrolled interview. The interview given was led by chosen caring people, who gave first aid to children with a home environment injury. The whole process of the interview was recorded at a digital record book and then rewritten to a text form, with the approval of the respondents. The respondents were chosen on the basis of a survey. The final information from the interviews were analyzed and subsequently summarized into results. Six respondents were registered into the research part. Six basic questions were given to the respondents. The questions were chosen to find out information about an injured child, an injury character, a procedure of caring person while giving first aid, or other professional care and permanent effects. While preparing the research part, I was expecting that most of the respondents would manage to give first aid, however, according to the results, half of the parents didn't know how to deal with giving first aid. Non- professional first aid, provided at the right time and done correctly, is one of the basic and essential steps to reverse the injured person back into the normal quality of life. This is why, all people should be able to give first aid without special equipment and tools. The aim of my thesis was to monitor the process of the caring person while giving first aid for selected accidents involving children in home environment. I gave myself one fundamental research question: What was the process of the caring person while giving first aid for accidents involving children in home environment? At the final evaluation and comparison of my results, I achieved the results, in most examined facts, which are presented in other different studies dealing with similar issues- children's injuries and giving first aid for accidents involving children.
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THE DRAMATICAL SCRIPT AS A NECESSARY BASIS FOR SPACIAL REALIZATOIN
Tretiag, Štěpán ; KORČÁK, Jakub (advisor) ; HRBEK, Daniel (referee)
Using the concrete examples of my practical bachelor work my intent is to retrospectively describe and reflect on our scenic realization of the play Missing by south-African author Reza de Wet. The essence of a modern dramatic direction is to perceive the script of a play as a model which becomes a basis for its interpretation and the subsequent staging of the play. It is the process from the initial interpretation to final scenic realization I wish to focus on in my work.In the first part I will be dealing with creation of a physical space, that being stage design. I will try to capture what lead us to its final shape and how the basis for that can be found in the script of the play as well as the potential capability of the physical space to become a dramatic space. Its ability to create a platform for the actors to proceed from and how can it provoke them into acting, in particular. In the second part I will be dealing with the dramatic space, ergo the spacial expression of relationships and themes. I will proceed again retrospectively, focusing on how we managed to achieve the stage image which is functioning as a materialized metaphor. I will focus mostly on non-verbal actions, but with regard to the fact, that dramatical script is the basis for our realization of the play.
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Dance as a means of integration adults with intellectual disability
KRAUMANNOVÁ, Eva
The goal of the bachelor thesis called Dance as a means of integration adults with intellectual disability was to create, implement and evaluate a dance course focused on the development of social competences in adults with intellectual disability. The thesis deals with adults with intellectual disability and with a leisure activity focused on dancing. There is some space for the development of social competences in adults´ leisure time. In response to the current situation of leisure activities proposition for adults with intellectual disability. I found it beneficial to found a dance group of adults with intellectual disability, and at the same time a group of individuals intact in places unfamiliar to them. Based on an activity which may be implemented amusingly it is possible to develop an individual´s personality as well as his or her social competences, which become a presumption of a successful integration, universally. The bachelor thesis consists of four chapters.The first chapter defines the term ´intellectual disability´. Further on the attention is paid to the characteristics of the target group, i.e. adults suffering from a slight and medium mental retardation. Further on, the disability´s impact onto the human psyche as well as social area is described. In the second chapter the term ´dance´is defined and then the description of its usefulness within the leisure, artistic and therapeutic areas is given. In the third chapter the presumptions for a successful integration are described. In the conclusion of the theoretical part there is an interconnection made between the target group and the activity for developing social competences. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is continued with a practical part, the fourth chapter. It is a programme of a six-month course which I have set together based on the analysis of expert literature and my experience gained during the leadership of dance lessons and working with adults with intellectual disability. The programme will include work methods and an evaluation of partial activities. The six-month course was held in the school year of 2015/2016 and 6 intellectually disabled adults took part in it. Students of the University of South Bohemia joined the course. Partial goals were set for individual dance lessons and the activities were set so that they would develop social competences in participants non-violently and in the greatest extent possible. The course was implemented in the IN Civic Association facilities. To evaluate the activity and find out the progress within the area of the participants´ social competences, several development fields have been set. Several chosen social competences were divided into evaluation scales. The participants were evaluated at the beginning of the course and then again, six months later. The evaluation method chosen was my own observation. I focused on the evaluation of my own working, on group evaluation and the evaluation of each individual. Evaluation was also done on the part of each course participant, too. Dance lessons and activities connected have proven to be a suitable means for developing social competences in intellectually disabled adults. In five participants the values have risen in 5 10 out of 17 competences observed. A recourse occured in a participant who was going through a difficult life situation during the last two months of the course. Values have risen dramatically and in all participants in the area of group cooperation. Five participants made a progress in establishing and keeping eye contact and in starting a conversation. One participant has made a progress in the area of group performance, another one has made a progress in the area of independence and another one started to call the other participants by their names, as opposed to the beginning of the course. In general, the members of the group became more self-confident.
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Oxygen therapy after cardiothoracic surgery from the point of view of nurses and patients
VRCHOTOVÁ, Klára
Cardiac surgeries are very serious surgical procedures with considerable specific features. This bachelor thesis focuses on oxygen therapy from the viewpoints of nurses and patients. Its theoretical part describes physiology of breathing and the oxygen therapy as such. It describes individual sources of oxygen and indications for oxygen administration. It also describes principles to be observed during oxygen administration. Specific aids are used for oxygen administration, particularly oxygen masks or oxygen goggles. Quality pulmonary rehabilitation is also necessary to make oxygen therapy more effective. Pulmonary rehabilitation is particularly important for patients after a cardiac surgery and it should be practiced even before the surgery. This approach is critical because in the post-surgery period the therapy makes it possible for the patient to breathe and to expectorate properly. Pulmonary rehabilitation is practiced with patients by general nurses at the cardio surgery ward, as well as by physiotherapists. There are various techniques available to determine efficiency of oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. The techniques may be classified as invasive and non-invasive; the most frequently used non-invasive method is pulse oxymetry and the most frequently used invasive technique is blood collection for ABR. Two objectives were set for the thesis. The first objective was to map knowledge of nurses about how to provide care to patients treated with oxygen therapy. The second objective was to determine how the patients feel after a cardiac surgery. Two hypotheses and two research questions were formulated. The first hypotheses were: Nurses working at the resuscitation care station have more knowledge about oxygen therapy than nurses working at the intermediate care station. The second hypothesis was: Nurses working at the resuscitation care station have more knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation than nurses working at the intermediate care station. The first research question was: How do the patients feel during oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation? The second research question was: How are the patients after a cardiac surgery informed about oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation? In the research part of the bachelor thesis I have used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative processing of data was used for questionnaires filled out by nurses working in the hospitals Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., Nemocnice na Homolce in Prague and in the faculty hospital Královské Vinohrady in Prague. The method was used for evaluation and assessment of knowledge of nurses working at the resuscitation and intermediate care wards. Quantitative methods were used for processing of data obtained through semi-structured interviews with patients after a cardiac surgery. The data were transcribed and coded using a pencil and paper method. The data were categorized based on the identified codes. Two categories were created: oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Each of the categories was further divided into three sub-categories. Two categories were created for the research oxygen therapy and pulmonary therapy. Three sub-categories were subsequently created for the oxygen therapy and the pulmonary therapy. The quantitative research has shown that the knowledge of nurses about oxygen therapy is higher among the nurses working at the resuscitation care ward. However, the situation is different in case of their knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation. In this case the knowledge of nurses working at the intermediate care ward was higher. The processed data from the qualitative research have shown that patients do have sufficient information about post-surgery oxygen therapy, as well as about pulmonary rehabilitation. For all patients in the post-surgery period after a cardiac surgery the frequency of pulmonary rehabilitation was higher than 1 per day.
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