|
Application of optimization methods in hydrological modeling
Jakubcová, Michala ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee)
Finding the optimal state of reality is the main purpose of the optimization process. The best variant from many possibilities is selected, and the effectiveness of the given system increases. Optimization has been applied in many real life engineering problems as in hydrological modelling. Within the hydrological case studies, the optimization process serves to estimate the best set of model parameters, or to train model weights in artificial neural networks.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is relatively recent optimization technique, which has only a few parameters to adjust, and is easy to implement to the selected problem. The original algorithm was modified by many authors. They
focused on changing the initialization of particles in the swarm, updating the population topology, adding new parameters into the equation, or incorporating shuffling mechanism into the algorithm.
The modifications of PSO algorithm improve the performance of the optimization, prevent the premature convergence, and decrease computation time. Therefore, the main aims of the presented doctoral thesis consist of proposal of a new PSO modification with its implementation in C++ programming language. More PSO variants were compared and analysed, and the best methods based on benchmark problems were applied in two hydrological case studies.
The first case study focused on utilization of PSO algorithms in inverse problem related to estimation of parameters of rainfall-runoff model Bilan. In the second case study, combination of artificial neural networks with PSO methods was introduced for forecasting the Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration drought index.
It was found out, that particle swarm optimization is a suitable tool for solving problems in hydrological modelling. The most effective PSO modifications are the one with adaptive version of parameter of inertia weight, which updates the velocity of particles during searching through the multidimensional space via feedback information. The shuffling mechanism and redistribution of particles into complexes, at which the PSO runs separately, also significantly improve the performance.
The contribution of this doctoral thesis lies in creation of new PSO modification, which was tested on benchmark problems, and was successfully applied in two hydrological case studies. The results of this thesis also extended the utilization of PSO methods in real life engineering optimization problems. All analysed PSO algorithms are available for later use within other research projects.
|
|
Integrative landscape assessment
Sedmidubský, Tomáš ; Martiš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The ability of landscape to provide services assisting mankind and to directly or indirectly promote it, has witnessed a dramatic decline due to an intensive anthropogenic use of landscape. The interference with the functionality of landscape notwithstanding the measures aimed at protecting landscape and its elements constitutes a response to the economic development and strive for economic profits. The economic development causes (monetarily) 3 calculable damages which are not included in economic balances and decisions concerning activities carried out in landscape. This doctoral thesis aims at contributing to the solution of this issue by developing and testing an integrative assessment method which integrates a complex of circumstances as a starting point for evaluating landscape in terms of its environmental quality.
|
|
Application of mathematical models for simulation of hydrological conditions in selected streams
Kurková, Marie ; Vašků, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Flood is a natural phenomenon that occurs at different intensities and irregular time intervals. As to natural disasters, floods represent the greatest direct threat for the Czech Republic. They may cause serious critical situations during which not only extensive material damages are done, but may bring also losses of the lives of inhabitants in affected areas as well as vast devastation of cultural landscape including environmental damages. Important from the viewpoint of the elimination of potential threats and consequences of such events is the information issued by flood forecasting service about the character and size of flood areas for individual N-year flood discharges and specific flood scenarios. An adequate image of depths and flow rates in the longitudinal or cross profile of the watercourse during a flood event is provided by the hydrodynamic model. This is why the information obtained from the hydrodynamic models occupies a privileged position from the viewpoint of the protection of citizens' lives and mitigation of damage to their property. The first study is situated on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice near the town Přeštice. The proposal of flood-protection measures is contained in Territorial control documentation. The documentation was elaborated on the basis of hydraulic calculations and experiences from the flood in August 2002. The mathematical model is practically used in the study of analysis of proposed flood-protection measures. The analysis is based on mathematical simulation of water outflow and water level on the river Úhlava. It is possible to use the non-commercial software Hec-Ras, version 3.1.1., for the simulation itself. One of the points of view of the possibility of using proposed flood-protection measures is total efficiency. The mathematical model is posssible to use as a basis of support for realization of proposed flood-protection measures on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice within the grant programme "Program prevence před povodněmi II" under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the second case the mathematical model is practically used in the study of hydrotechnical analysis of streams in cadastral unit. The analysis is based on matjematical simulation of water outflow and water level on chosen streams. It is possible to use the noncomercial software HEC-RAS for the own simulation. The analysis should be shown on dangerous places in the interest place. The mathematical model is possible of using to use as basis for revaluation of action in spatial plan or for view of the flood-protection measures in the village Mochtín. Basic input into the hydrodynamic models is represented by altimetry data. One of ways to obtain such data is through the method of aerial laser scanning (ALS) from the digital relief model (DRM). This method is considered one of the most accurate methods for obtaining altimetry data. Its bottleneck is however incapacity of recording terrain geometry under water surface due to the fact that laser beam is absorbed by water mass. The absence of geometric data on watercourse discharge area may perceptibly affect results of modelling, especially if a missing part of the channel represents a significant discharge area with its capacity. One of methods for eliminating the deficiency is a sufficient channel recess by means of software tools such as CroSolver. The third submitted paper deals with the construction of a hydrodynamic model using 5th generation DRM data, and compares outputs from this model at various discharges with a model based on the altimetry data modified by using the CroSolver tool. Outputs from the two hydrodynamic models are compared in HEC-RAS programme with the use of recessed data and with the use of unmodified DRM. The comparison is done on the sections of two watercourses with different terrain morphology and watercourse size. A complementary output is the comparison of inundation areas issuing from both model variants. Our results indicate that differences in the outputs are significant namely in the lower discharges (Q1, Q5) whereas for Q50 and Q100 the difference is negligible with a great role being played by morphology of the modelled area and by the watercourse size.
|
|
Assesing of Accounting and Tax Depreciation in the Selected Company
Zlatníčková, Iveta ; Šišková, Jitka (advisor)
The evolution of the prices of two different groups is recorded in the practical part of this bachelor thesis. The first one includes the commodities that are used mostly in the season and are being sold in kiosks. Concretely it concerns an ice cream from Opočno, a crashed ice and Staročeský trdelník. The research regarding kiosks started in June and finished in September, therefore it lasted only 4 months. The reason is that all kiosks closed the sale. The second group includes foods that are in the common offer on the menu in the restaurants, are typical for the specific restaurants and are being offered the whole year no matter whether it is a season or not. The prices were being observed every two months from June to March. All the observation were done personally and an important role in the research is an interview with one of the kiosk seller and all three restaurant managers.
|
|
Selected factors affecting the performance of racehorses
Jirásková, Petra ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the selection of most significant factors influencing the performance of racehorses and a subsequent analysis of selected factors in terms of influence on the performance of racehorses in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the scientific hypothesis was that the obtained databases would allow for an exact analysis of the influence concerning selected factors (gender, age, season of birth and others) on the performance of racehorses in the Czech Republic
The horses´ performance depends on a larger number of factors, which can be divided into two groups. The first group is the internal factors (genetic preconditions, build, constitution, temperament and character) and the second group is external factors, i.e. factors influenced by the environment and independent of a horse. The conditions of the environment along with the horses´genotype influence horses´performace the most.
There is a wide range of external factors, e.g. season in which the horse was born, weight at birth, rearing of a foal, preventative health care, nutrition, moving regime, training, conditions of a particular race, the impact of age and gender.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the performance. The general handicap has been used as the basic indicator of performance in individual horses, which is the performance evaluation of a horse in races in a particular year. The final database has been created in Excel, in which some calculations and graphs have been carried out as well. The very statistical processing has been done in the R program.
The influence of the birth season, gender and age on the horses´ performance has been gradually evaluated. It has been found that in two-year horses the birth period significantly influences the age when starting races for the first time (i.e. the later the horses were born, the earlier they were able to start racing). Moreover, a connection between the amount of prize money and the gender in two-year horses has been found, with mares reaching higher prize money. A lower number of days from the birth to the first start in a race has been found in mares. An interesting connection has been found between the age of the first start and the general handicap rate (participating in the first race at the age of two had a positive influence on the handicap rate at the age of three.)
|
|
Variant systems growing technology of Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus, L)
Bodnárik, Jakub ; Vašák, Jan (advisor) ; Honsová, Hana (referee)
Winter rape (Brassica napus, L) is annual or biennial crop which is growing for seeds containing rape oil. This is the third world´s most important oil, which is growing. In geographically smaller part of Czech Republic we talk about winter rape as a the most important and most grown oilseed. Winter rape is represented up to 85% harvesting area of all oilseeds which is growing in Czech Republic.
When the exact parcel experiment with four replications, which was conducted in 2014/2015 season at the research station in FAPPZ in Č. Újezd, Prague - West district were monitored production and biological indicators of winter rape in autumn and at the start of spring vegetation. Differences between attempts were preparing the soil, fertilizer under the heel, the method of seeding, fertilization during growth. A comparison of the results of the fall collections of rape, it is clear that most grown plants were grown technologies, no. 2, it´s before sowing plowed land, sowing the seed drill Farmet Falcon 6. During the spring inventory of crops grown technologies, no. 2 - 4 showed comparable biological indicators, the other two stands slightly lagged. After threshing technology as the highest yielding seed technology emerged no. 3 (Farmet intensity). Conclusion of the experiment: there is no need to plow before planting, it is important to choose an appropriate method for establishing a modern stand a significant effect on seed yield should fall fertilization N.
Attempting to penetrometric soil resistance in oilseed rape crops. In season 2015/2016 was the site of the 'Triangle Left ", which manages the company AGROCOM HRUŠOVANY spol. s r.o. divided into two parts. One part was plowed before sowing, the second part being plough before sowing. Next on two parts of the land made the autumn and spring inventorying oilseed rape crop. The findings of the experiment, when the autumn sampling plants are biological indicators of rape on plough section of higher parameters. Spring inventories fell in reverse, higher parameters showed plants on a plowed section. Measurement of penetrometric soil resistivity confirmed that the land was plowed soil of lower resistance.
|
|
Strategic Management
Zika, Ondřej ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ladislav , Ladislav (referee)
The thesis deals with strategic management of selected company. Its goal is to design a strategy based on outputs of designed analysis. The thesis consist of two parts, theoretical and practical.
The theoretical part defines the basic concepts related to the theme of the thesis. Specifically, the concepts of strategy and strategic management, hierarchy of management and hierarchy of strategies in the company, strategic thinking, competitive advantage and process of creating a business strategy. The findings from this chapter are used in the practical part.
In the practical part there is characterized the selected company, after that there are made analyses of internal and external environment, and based on their outputs a SWOT analysis. Furthermore, there are also analyzed stakeholders. At the conclusion of the thesis, the findings obtained from the partial analyzes are used to design two versions of business strategy. One of them is chosen after assessing the better one.
|
|
Tales of Coat-of-Arms and Etymology in Two Czech Chronicles
CHALUPOVÁ, Renata
The main goal of this Bachelor thesis is to compare and contrast the story telling of two Czech chronicles: {\crqq}The chronicle of Dalimil{\crqq} and ``The chronicle of Vaclav Hajek of Libocany{\crqq}. The secondary goal, among others, is the etymological interpretation of new words used by both chroniclers. Connection of armorial tales and etymology is quite common. The authors are given space both to tell stories about noble families and to name new realia by the elaboration of the text. There is an in-depth analysis of both authors highlighting the differences between the chronicles and their interpretation of epic genre and heraldry.
|
|
Evaluation of roe deer losses during meadow harvests
Horváth, Vít ; Kušta, Tomáš (advisor) ; Adámková, Jana (referee)
Abstract
This thesis for the bachelors degree deals with the analysis and subsequent evaluation of the fawn mortality during haymaking in the hunting district HS Kalec, county Plzeň-sever (Pilsen-North), located in the western part of the Czech Republic. The first part of this thesis describes Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus), its population in this territory, biology, ethology and its management.
The second part describes the project as such involving three model testing areas that were selected and marked out in the hunting district HS Kalec; before the haymaking time from June 15 to June 24, 2015, adequate protection measures were undertaken in these areas.
Locality of the first model testing area number 1 was attended (walked) by gamekeepers with dogs. Locality of the second model testing area number 2 was treated with the game scent repeller and also equipped with acoustic disturber. The third model testing area number 3 was only monitored. These model testing areas were re-visited after hay crop and the result is that in the vicinity of the model testing area number 3 two fawns were cut and killed. In both other model testing areas no cut fawns were found.
After hay crop and subsequent determining the actual number of cut fawns, these testing areas were compared mutually and the results will be stated in this thesis for the bachelors degree. The essential aspect was to evaluate the fawns mortality in the specific hunting district based on the obtained facts. Relation to the mitigation measures set in place was examined. This work resulted in saving three fawns. Outcomes of this thesis have provided rather interesting findings that can be further exploited in the gamekeeping management. Particularly in relation to the roe deer management in the gamekeeping practice.
Keywords/tags: roe deer, fawns, killing, hunting district (HS Kalec, Žihle)
|
|
The effect of management by wheat for animal feeding and human food purposes on biodiversity of epigeic beetles
RYKLÍK, Stanislav
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied in 2 wheat fields (food wheat and feed wheat) in the southern part of the Czech Republic. Climatic and soil conditions on both fields were similar. There were differences between fields regarding field management of wheat: amount of artificial fertilizer, amount of pesticide, preceding crop, surrounding landscape. The higher amount of artificial fertilizer (+ 50 kg/ha of nitrate and + 50kg/ha DAM) and the Karben flo stefes fungicide was applied in food wheat. An intensive conventional system of cultivation is used in surrounding landscape. Epigeic beetles were caught by pitfall traps, 24 species, 6 families and 245 individuals were determined. The family Carabidae was dominant on both fields. Higher species diversity was observed in feed wheat, but this difference was imperceptible. Species were divided according to their ecological preference and human impact on communities was assessed. The field of feed wheat was less anthropogenic influenced but the difference was also imperceptible.
|
guest ::
