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Change trajectories of wood pastures at the landscape level
Marková, Magdaléna ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The theme of my thesis is analysis and evaluation of development of wood pastures at several locations in the Elbe lowlands from the first half of 19th century up to the present. The area is characterized by its fertility and the large share of arable land.
The data analysis was developed using a geographic information system (GIS). The basic documents were maps and written operate of Stationary cadaster.
The results of the work are map compositions depicting the change trajectories of wood pastures (extinct, continuous and new), graphs show the area of individual trajectories and evaluate the utility of written operate of the Stacionary cadastre.
We have put the obtained information about the natural and social-economic development of the area into context. We got a possible explanation of development, therefore, why the old wooded pastures vanish and new ones arisen elsewhere. Changes of wood pastures were influenced by socio-economic development of the area and probably by distance from a watercourse. The informations obtained from written operate of Stacionary cadaster are useless for this thesis.
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Analysis and evaluation of landscape changes - case study Ricany
Bělunková, Šárka ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
In this study is researched historical development of the Říčany landscape. Using stable cadastre maps, aerial photographs from 1953 and current aerial photographs is researched the development of the landscape elements. Further the spatial analyzess of defelopment these landscape elements are performed. Based on scientific texts and in cooperation with the Museum of Říčany city are discussed causes of identified landscape changes. The greatest changes were observed in arable land. In this landscape element decreased the total area from 63,40 % to 38,69 %. In this place, there occurred mainly for the development of built-up areas (from 0,76 % to 10,42 %) and urban green areas (from 1,20 % to 18,17 %). On the other hand, the most constant remained the forests. This area was increased by only 1,84 % and their spatial area kept almost unchanged. The data collected in this work could be used theoretically and also practically. Theoretical use consist in understanding of the functioning of landsccape changes. Practically, the results could be used by the municipal authority as a basis for various landscape adjustments of the Říčany city.
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Changes in wetlands - change trajectories, causes
Brašna, Vlastimil ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical development of wetlands in corn production areas in Moravia, Czech Republic. Wetlands were analyzed changes in time and space for a period of 180 years.
The main objective is to analyze the development of wetland habitats in the landscape using old maps, aerial photographs and GIS. The bases were of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable cadastre from the first half of the 19th century and contemporary orthophoto. There were also used GIS layers of the current location of wetlands, farmland, forests, rivers and waterways. In historical documents were evaluated by two categories 1) wet meadows and 2) swamps and marshes. In the current surface are only evaluated wetlands.
The total area is 18054 ha. The area of wetlands dramatically decreased from 108 ha in the first half of the 19th century on 14 ha in 2015. Most of the wetlands have been converted to agricultural land - arable land (72 %), meadows and pastures (12 %). Wetlands succession was transformed to bushes (5,4 %). There was 5 % of the deaths of wetlands built and drained. Most wetlands have been transformed due to the pressure on the production function of the landscape in order to get more food. In the first half of the 19th century it was dominated by wet meadows, they had 684 ha. Despite the disappearance of a large part of the wetlands created new wetlands, which have 12.4 hectares. Most newly created wetlands are located in the cadastral area of Mutěnice. Only one wetland (1.68 ha) remained unchanged, located in cadastral Čejč. This wetland had a history of more land (25.15 hectares) and has been linked with Čejčské Lake.
The main result of this work is to determine the trajectories of development of wetland ecosystems in the lowlands of Moravia. Descriptions of these trajectories have contributed to understanding influences on the development of wetlands. Results wetlands contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of landscape ecology. The results can be used to restore extinct wetlands and creation of new wetlands in the historic wet meadows. The information obtained can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Temporal and spatial changes of woody vegetation at the landscape - case study (former Vrchlabi estate)
Juřičková, Beata ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Keken, Zdeněk (referee)
This dissertation deals with a temporal and spatial changes of woody vegetation at the landscape in West Bohemia. The case study helps to recognise a historical development of the landscape and focuses on landscape elements of forest and non-forest woody vegetation.
Focused area was determined by borders of former Vrchlabi manor and based on historical documents. The chosen area partly belongs to zone 1, 2 and 3 of Krkonose National Park.
Forest and non-forest woody vegetation was compared from different sources- a map of Imperial imprints of the stable Cadastre from 1843, an aerial images from 1950 and an orthophoto images from 2014 - using ArcGIS software. Woody vegetation was divided into forest category and other three non-forest woody category- draws, acompanying woody vegetation and line.
The results have shown that the most consistent category has always been the forest, spreading on 42,25% of the area in last 171 years. The non-forest woody vegetation was developing erratically and was covering the largest area of 335,21 ha in 1950. Data analysis have shown that each period of forest and non-forest woody vegetation has its own specific trends.
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Influence of the brown coal extraction on the landscape pattern changes in the Most study area
Kochan, Ladislav ; Kottová, Blanka (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
This task presents the historic character of the selected area Most area before the start of lignite mining and after mining. Trying to objectively evaluate what the impact of mining on the landscape and return to the situation in which the country found itself. The work includes photographs and a description. With the help of historical documents and photographs will be judged influence culturally - green and the result will be evaluated as a change in the influence of negative, zero, when the return of the original landscape features observed with respect to functionality and aesthetic requirements, respectively. positive when the country has exceeded the original landscape functionality and achieve high ecological value. Then comes the final assessment of the current status and sustainability of the changes described in the future.
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Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants - Hostavice district.
Tančevová, Laura ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis attempts to create the most detailed summary of changes in the landscape for the past 175 years of Hostavice which is located in the eastern suburbs of Prague. The primary purpose of this study is to compare changes in terms of maps and from the perspective of original residentst, and provide an overview about the cadastral area from different perspectives. One of the ways to get to the main goal of this research work is to analyze the trends of most signficant changes in the land use of a small cadastral territory called Hostavice. This will be done primarily by reviewing historical maps, statistics, chronicles and others. Based on results of this analysis, another objective is to conduct semistructured interviews with the original residents of this cadastral territory to find out their recollections of as well as opinions on these changes. There is also more specific study of characteristic of the area. The work will contribute its share to the overall processing memory of the landscape in the memory of people.
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The Role of Agriculture in the Care of the Historical Mountain Meadows in Sklenářovice
Wolfová, Tereza ; Vaněk, Jindřich (advisor) ; Fedurcová, Alena (referee)
This Bachelor´s theses informs about the degradation of the highland meadows in the Krkonoše region. The process was closely connected with the ressetlement of the original Germans after the 2nd World War. After that nobody wanted to move to this region because of very hard living conditions and mountain landscape. That is why many villages (including Sklenářovice) declined and became desserted. The village of Sklenářovice has very rich history, for example gold mining, a typical activity for the whole Rýchory highland massif. Therefore this Bachelor´s theses icludes also the summary of the most important historical events of this small mountain village situated in the northtern part of Trutnov region. For gaining all the information I used scientific literature and other information resources.
The postwar transfer of the original German inhabitants influenced the life in the village and its surrouding landscape as well. It started to decline because of the lack of experienced farmers. Our forfathers made regular mow of meadows and bred the cattle in the pastures. Diversity of natural species was therefore very rich not only in the Sklenářovice valley but in the whole region. Unfortunately after the 2nd World War new comers didn´t know how care about the meadows properly. That is the reason why the meadows changed a became more and more overgrown. In the following years many things happened for example the establishing of forest brigades or state farming. All these things made the quality of meadows worse.
The situation got better in the 90´s of the 20th century. People realised the necessity of returning to original farming so that its natural and landscape values can be renewed. We can see the start of many programmes for renewal of the original Krkonoše landscape. Most of them are under the leadership of the Administration of Krkonoše Mountains National Park. This Bachelor´s theses suggests the effiecient ways of farming in the meadows so that its natural biological diversity can be preserved. It also informs about its protected biotopes.
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Landscape development of the former military area Milovice - Mladá
Pavelka, Libor ; Pecharová, Emilie (advisor) ; Barbara, Barbara (referee)
This work deals with the territorial development of the former cadastral area Mlada to which belonged also the former military area Milovice - Mlada. The special interest area of 1460 ha is located in the Central Bohemia, approximately 40 km northeast of Prague, between the towns Benatky nad Jizerou and Nymburk.
The purpose of this study is comparing the land use/land cover in individual time periods documenting important historical events and current status. To make this study maps from the Stable cadastre from 1842 and aerial photographs from years 1954, 1999 and 2015 were used. Subsequently, the data were processed using a geographic system. A field research carried out in 2015 with a self-evaluation is an integral part of this study.
A carried out analysis helped to found out that decisive effect on the land use was caused by the presence of the army and the resultant deforested areas - training grounds. Gradually, there was a sharp decline in agricultural land, particularly arable land, but also the felling of trees stands. Now the former military activity and the absence of agriculture in this area have created a unique habitat of extraordinary scientific value.
Based on field research it can be stated that particular localities Pozorovatelna and nature reserve under the Benatecky vrch provide a valuable refuge for rare plant and animal species.
The planned construction of a polygon for a test drive of Skoda Auto cars, which should take place in 2002 in Pozorovatelna, could probably lead to the eventual devastation of the area, which could cause irreparable damages to this area.
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Landscape development and landscape values of a selected area in a specified relief type
Učňová, Klára ; Halamová, Jana (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with landscape analyzing and permanent landscape structures
evolution in chosen area with respect to land relief. Also with documentation and evaluation of
landscape values (such as medieval field patterns, scattered vegetation, viewpoints, relief, etc.)
and last but not least with suggestion of recommendations for future development, including
proposal of new development, specific for chosen area.
The theoretical part consists of summary of current status. Mainly the elements
characterizing landscape of the Czech Republic are defined here. The thesis also describes
history of Czech landscape since the Neolithic period and also evolution of medieval field
patterns. The landscape aesthetics and its influence to humans from emotional and content point
of view is mentioned in the theoretical part as well. In the next chapter there is an evaluation of
maps and description of possibilities of their usability for evaluation of landscape evolution.
The practical part is about project itself. At first the suitable area based on maps from 1 952
was chosen and their comparison with present state. By maps vectorization (both historical and
present one) supported by personal exploration, two map underlays were created. Based on
them, the statistical data for evaluation and comparison of land use categories evolution were
created. Also the analysis of appearance of given land use categories was performed.
Comparison of changes in evolution of balks is the part of the project as well.. One of this thesis
purposes was also evaluation of landscape directly on the spot. Based on this evaluation and
personal feelings from the area, design for better land usability was created. This design was
also economically considered.
In discussion at the end of the thesis was determined that epoch around year 1952 was a
breakthrough for landscape evolution. After this year, there was a huge decrease of ploughland
area. This decrease was replaced by permanent grassland and forests. In the end there is an
estimation about medieval field patterns important for landscape in chosen area and also
anywhere else.
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Landscape development in Jachymov
Končelová, Zuzana ; Vaněk, Jindřich (advisor) ; Fedurcová, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring developments montane landscapes in the Jáchymov in the Krušné hory (Ore Mountains). In the thesis the attention is given to the history of the min-ing town Jáchymov, founded in the 16th century, which is closely linked to the expansion of mining in the Krušné hory (Ore Mountains). In the thesis I focuse on the events that have marked most of this cultural landscape, in the period from the mid-20th century in connection with the resettlement of the German population followed up with exploitation of uranium ores.
In the thesis I examine all signifiant factors that influenced and shaped this distinctive cultural landscape and analyzes the data of land use from the database LUCC. For more pre-cise and illustrative assessment of changes in the landscape were used not only written docu-ments with historical descriptions, but also a graphical documents. Comparing old photo-graphs primarily from the first half of the 20th century with present situation attention is given to land cover and terrain ganges and changes in built-up area. The thesis comparing the Stable Cadastre and aerial photography with current maps through ArcGIS. There are evaluated local changes related to with the built-up area and the changing terrain. Furthermore, through the manual vectorization, it is been noted land cover in maps of Stable Cadastre and the latest orthophoto. Land cover has been simplified to the three most significant categories: forest area, non-forest area and built-up area. The result is the separate map of the cadastral territory Jáchymov, where the most significant changes are projected, that the increase and decrease of forest and increase of built-up area.
The goal of the thesis is to point out the extremes in the extent of anthropic pressure in this specific landscape. On the one hand, building work camps, massive changes in terrain and remaining tailings, on the other hand, abandoned land and settlement after resettled popula-tion, result of succession and disappearing landscapes microstructure.
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