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Evaporative water loss in geckos of the genus Paroedura
Myslíková, Tereza ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Okrouhlik, Jan (referee)
Keeping a balanced state in terms of liquids in an organism, especially evaporative water loss regulation, is essential for all terrestial animals, including reptiles. Respiratory water loss and cutaneous water loss account for the highest percentage of total water loss. For this reason, the degree of evaporative water loss in reptiles can be primarily influenced by body dimensions, metabolism intensity and morphology of body surface scales. This thesis focuses on water loss through evaporation in Madagascan Paroedura geckos. The Paroedura are suitable for this research because they represent a monophyletic genus with a strongly supported hypothesis about phylogenetic relationships. The thesis adds some facts to this theory. At the same time, individual Paroedura species differ in body dimensions and habitat preference. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether individual representatives of Paroedura differ in TEWL, to specify the characteristics of the ancestral state of TEWL in this genus and to test which morphological and physiological factors influence TEWL. Further aim was to measure cutaneous water loss. Measuring was carried out by flow- through respirometry. The results show that individual representatives of Paroedura differ remarkably in TEWL figures. The reconstruction of the...
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Moisture characteristics of natural sandstone exposures
Slavík, Martin ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Sněhota, Michal (referee)
Moisture in a sandstone body plays a notable role in hydrological, weathering, biological and other processes. Knowledge about presence and movement of moisture within porous medium of natural sandstone exposures is, however, rather limited. Aim of the doctoral thesis was thus to quantify selected moisture characteristics of several natural sandstone exposures in Český ráj (Czech Republic). According to long-term logging, mean annual temperature at studied areas was between 8.5 řC to 11.5 řC, mean annual relative humidity was between 73 % to 85 %. Deforested area was found warmer and drier and amplitude of the values was higher there than at the forested areas. Values of water content (more than 400 measurements) and suction (more than 150 measurements) of the exposures including their spatial-temporal changes were obtained. Mean volumetric water content in zone from the sandstone's surface to 12 cm depth was from 3 % to 10 % and mean suction in depth 2-12 cm was from 2 kPa to more than 130 kPa. Using uranine powder coloring, spatial distribution of moisture near the sandstone's surface was visualized repeatedly for the first time. The coloring divided the surficial area of the sandstone into capillary (wet) and diffusion (dry) zone. The sharp transition between the two zones was represented by...
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Energy balance of landscape surface in forested and agricultural catchment
SCHNEEDÖRFLER, Marek
This diploma thesis deals with the statistical evaluation of the energy balance of landscape surface and its other chosen specifications via remote sensing and ground meteorological features. The thesis also includes the mapping of the landscape cover and its influence on the microclimate in the given area. The Novohradské Mountains, specifically the catchment of Bedřichovsky creek became the model area for this type of research. As each group of Land Cover (forest, permanent of grass cover, arable land, buildings) appears right in the catchment of Bedřichovský potok, it is suitable to evaluate the energy balance right in there.
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Evaporative water loss in terrestrial vertebrates
Demešová, Jana ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
Evaporative water loss affects physiology, ecology and evolution of individual organisms. This wok summarizes the knowledge about water loss in main groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In addition to physiological processes, it also follows evolutionary trends through adaptations created as a barrier against the water loss or as a method of cooling by evaporation. From an ecological point of view, it examines whether these adaptations have enabled some of them to inhabit extreme habitats. The topic of water loss by evaporation interferes with other topics such as thermoregulation or metabolism. Key words: evaporation, water loss, aridity, thermoregulation, metabolism, vertebrate
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Permeability of natural surfaces of Hruba Skala sandstone in rock cities for water vapour and intensity of evaporation
Slavík, Martin ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavlíková, Milena (referee)
Aim of this study was to describe capillary water and vapor transport in shallow subsurface of Hrubá Skála sandstone in the Bohemian Paradise. I have quantified permeability of Hrubá Skála sandstone for water vapor using "wet cup" method and also capillary water absorption of sandstone drill cores. I have found out general rules of evaporation and rate of evaporation from several sandstone outcrops in real microclimate. Important part of my work was to determine whether surface crust plays some role in studied parameters. Based on my results, permeability of different types of sandstones for water vapor does not vary significantly and surface crust has no effect on rate of water vapor diffusion. Rate of capillary water absorption is reduced by surface crust. Hrubá Skála sandstone is classified as medium or highly absorbing material. I have proved that evaporation from porous medium can be approximated by exponential function. Rate of evaporation is strongly controlled by climatic conditions, especially by relative humidity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Urban measures of effective surface water management in urban areas
Vacková, Michaela ; Kročová,, Šárka (referee) ; Polešáková, Marie (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (referee) ; Kopáčik, Gabriel (advisor)
One of the main challenges in promoting rainwater management into practise is the fact that it was not recognized as an interdisciplinary issue. We should seek ways how to open the problem to other professions, specially for architects and urban planners, who are the key element of its farther development. This work analyzes the reasons of this unsatisfactory state of rainwater management in the Czech Republic and it defines the possible ways how to remedy this state and outlines scenarios of its further development. The default document of the work is czech technical standard "TNV 75 9010 Hospodaření se srážkovými vodami". The new methodological guide, which is part of this work, is based on it. The work extends the range of measures which are mentioned in the standard. It brings new ways for assessing the benefits of the various measures to streamline the application of rainwater management measures in urban space.
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The design of the small water reservoir
Galuška, Martin ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (advisor)
The concept of this work is to assess options of a small water reservoir design on the selected area Bezměrov. Part of the work refers to different types and functions of small dams and their water management solutions. There is a geological survey presented which is describing the composition of the soil layers and investigating available materials for dam constructions. Water balance has been processed for considered dam profiles evaluating specific outflow of the catchment area, vapor and leakage through a simplified design of the dam. That creates a basic conception about possibilities of water manipulation in this area. Based on this evaluation there are several options processed to explore the retention effects of this two small water reservoirs system above Bezmerov locality.
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Analysis of microclimate of the stands with different management.
ŠACHL, Jiří
Proposed bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the microclimate creation in the vegetation cover. The main focus was put on monitoring of temperature and humidity regime, and solar energy fluxes due to Bowen ratio. Several microclimatic parameters was monitored in four different biotopes with different microclimate regime (red clover, winter wheat, potato and grassland), during the growing season and relied to the different agricultural management.
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Methods for determining evapotranspiration and its values ??in the Czech Republic
HOUDEK, Tomáš
This paper deals with methods for determining evapotranspiration and its values achieved in the Czech Republic. For a better understanding of these issues is explained in the introduction to the concept of evapotranspiration. The first part of this paper discusses evaporation, its types and division. In this thesis are also presented factors affecting evapotranspiration. The largest part of this search addresses the methods used for determining evapotranspiration. Here we find treated in more detail the direct and indirect methods of estimation. The last part of this paper presents and compares the potential evapotranspiration totals achieved in the Czech Republic on the basis of different numerical methods.
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