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The effect of the entry of private open-access operators on the performance of railways
Turek, Tomáš ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
This thesis aspires to contribute to the discussion about economic justification of current process of railway liberalisation in European Union and specifically in Czech Republic. We focus on the method of vertical separation and open access, where governments keep control over the infrastructure and its development and individual train operators compete on-track. The first section contains a summary of progress of the reform and its historical context across Europe and a review of various methods of its economic evaluation. Based on that, the next section presents a partial equilibrium econometric model applied on the route between Prague and Ostrava. Simulations are run to explore different market settings, infrastructure investment possibilities and potential tolls imposed on individual road transportation. We conclude that liberalisation followed by entry of competing railway undertakings, as well as a rational attitude of the government towards long-term infrastructure investments, are crucial for future competitiveness of railways.
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Electro Energy Market Organisation in the EU and the US
Zezula, Michal ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis analyses electro energy market organisation in the European Union and the United States of America. Liberalisation tendencies occurred in both areas during the 90's. The liberalisation is supposed to increase quality and reliability of electricity supplies as well as decrease electricity price. Electro energy industry belongs to the so called network industries, whose specifics prevent smooth liberalisation process. The vertically integrated companies or utilities in the US behave monopolistically on the market making the industry work inefficiently. Consequently, prices paid by customers are too high. The liberalisation should enable new participants to enter the market more easily as result of competition introduction and thereby also lead to pricing based on supply and demand interaction. The thesis also deals with price development in European and American areas liberalised to different extent. You can see number of similar tendencies and problems despite different way of electro energy market organisation in the EU and the US.
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Proces liberalizace trhu s elektřinou v EU
Šátralová, Aneta ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Jegers, Marc (referee)
This Master Thesis conducts a survey of the process of the liberalization of the electricity market, exclusively in the context of the European Union. The method of the review of the contemporary literatury is used to analyze reforms in the electricity supply industry. The thesis provides readers with the basic characteristics of the liberalization of this strategic net industry. The main focus is on one particular reform-unbundling- as it influences all principles of the eletricity energy markets. Scholars argue there are direct advantages and at the same time direct disadvanatges resulting from these reforms and it is almost impossible to find a clear agreement on if positive or negative effects prevails. In the thesis there is an attempt to evaluate whether contemporary research literature is able to decide if the liberalization reforms will bring about pure benefits for participants of the electricity markets.
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The Internal Electricity Market in the European Union
Sysel, Ctibor ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Horák, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the process of creating the internal electricity market in the European Union. The first part focuses on the development of EU energy policy and on the influence of legislative and institutional framework on the creation of the internal electricity market. The second part describes the specifics of electricity and the process of liberalization. It also deals with the interconnection of energy networks. The third part of the thesis is devoted to electricity markets and their regulation. The fourth section examines the development of electricity prices in European countries. Analysis of price convergence shows the current state of creating the single internal market in electricity.
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Specific Problems Concerning Regulation of Network Industries
Lebedová, Daniela ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Horák, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the results of liberalization and deregulation of the electricity sector in the European Union with a special focus on creating the internal electricity market. The first part focuses on EU energy policy. The aim is to present the wide range of policies and measures that influence the development of the internal electricity market. High attention is given to legislative measures and their proper implementation by the Member States. The following section deals with the process of liberalization and deregulation with regard to specific economic structure of the sector. The adopted measures are framed in the context of the specific economic characteristics of the electricity market, which relate to the existence of the so-called natural monopoly. The third part is devoted to regulation, regulators and their responsibilities in the internal electricity market. It focuses on their powers, methodology and cooperation within the EU. In the fourth part the regression model was developed that assesses the impact of specific variables characterizing the changes occurring in this sector on the price of electricity in Germany, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Poland and Hungary.
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EU Energy Policy - Selected Problems of Electricity Market
Zezula, Michal ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Horák, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected problems of the electricity market in the European Union. Existence of vertically integrated companies limits proper functioning of the single electricity market, therefore the EU supports liberalization process aiming to create competitiveness in electroenergetic area. This would enhance safety and reliability of distribution and consequently it would lead to higher efficiency in electrical production and consumption, lower prices for end-users and sustainable development with respect to environment. One of the main instruments in the liberalization process is proprietary separation of electricity production and distribution, i.e. unbundling. This thesis explains the current performance of the electricity market and evaluates changes that could be reached by liberalization process.
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Internal Market for Natural Gas in the EU
Pešek, Tomáš ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Vondrušková, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals with the process of creating the truly functional internal market for natural gas within EU. Using the data about the market, it identifies the reasons for applying particular measures in this field and the important successes. Along with that, it points out the failures and difficulties that have to be overcome in order to ensure the resultful finish of the project. The thesis also offers some alternative opinions on the issues concerning the creation of internal market. All main factors playing essential role in this are covered - from the implementation of the directives, through unbundling of system operators, regulation and market observation, to the cooperation among network companies, rights of the final consumers and energy security.
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Current issues facing the European energy policy
Kopp, Vojtěch ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with the major issues facing the European energy policy: the liberalisation of energy markets, security of supply and combating the climate change. After a short description of the history of this policy comes the explanation why the energy issues have become so important for the EU in recent years (oil thirst of the emerging markets, rise of Putin's Russia, climate change). The next chapter focuses on EU's response to these challenges, focusing on Barroso's Commision agenda. Apart from this, there is an analysis of major stakeholders' reactions concerning the recent legislation (Energy packages). However, the main part of the thesis tries to point at the discrepancies between the "official" policy as pronounced at the EU summits and the actual state of things. Major lagging behind can be found in areas such as the extent to which the external energy policy is successful (relations with Russia), the questionable impacts of subsidising biofuels or the slow implementation of energy market directives.
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