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Analýza působení mikroklimatu ve stáji na produkci, reprodukci a chování dojnic holštýnského skotu ve vybraném chovu
Zavadilová, Kristýna
The aim of the diploma thesis was to elaborate a literary review on the topic: Analysis of microclimate effect in stable on production, reproduction and behaviour of the dairy cows of the Holstein cattle at the selected breeding. The practical part took part in ZD Hříšice, where in 2018 yearly measurements of temperatures and relative air humidity were performed using the Onset Hobo sensor. The AfiFarm system recorded daily milk yields from 355 Holstein dairy cows; performance control data were used as well. February was the coldest month with an average temperature of 5.42 °C. August was the warmest month with an average temperature 21.35 °C, simultaneously the lowest average relative humidity of 59.85 % was measured. In the production group of high-yielding dairy cows, which achieved an average milk yield of 35.6 kg, the average daily milk yield decreased by 3 kg in August. For a group of less production with an average daily production of 23 kg, production decreased by 2.3 kg. In August, the insemination index was 5.1 for cows and 2.4 for heifers. The results obtained from pedometers of dairy cows recorded the highest physical activity in July, it can therefore be assumed that they were lying less.
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Vliv letních teplot na mléčnou užitkovost krav holštýnského plemene skotu v konkrétním podniku
Smažil, Jiří
This work is dedicated to monitoring the effects of summer temperatures on Holstein cows breed of cattle in the particular company. The theoretical part focuses on thermal stress on the organism, causes of the origin of thermal stress and on milk yield. The monitoring took place over five calendar months since May 2018 to September 2018 on the farm Polnička near Žďár nad Sázavou. Milk production, fat and protein content of milk were monitored as milk performance parameters for selected dairy cows, which were sorted according to the order and stage of lactation. The data of milk yield were obtained from Farmsoft, which the farm uses. Analysis of milk for protein and fat content was used from the performance utility control. Furthermore, microclimatic influences that affect the milk performance of dairy cows were evaluated. From these, the temperature and relative humidity of the stables were recorded using portable thermometers and hygrometers.
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Tepelné podmínky v chovu dojnic
Masařová, Petra
The main subject of the bachelor's thesis "Heat conditions in dairy cows" was to elaborate literature on the topics of micro-climate, individual requirements of cows for microclimate factors, effect of heat stress on breeding and physiological state of cows and its subsequent elimination. The influence of thermal stress on mastitis of cos was also studied. The main focus on the possible elimination of heat stress was on evaporative cooling, different variants, activation temperature, construction and its parameters. Finally, the calculation of the economic loss due to thermal stress with reduced efficiency was made. Microclimate conditions in dairy cows breeding play a key role in providing suitable conditions for dairy cow performance and its welfare. From the point of the microclimate view, the temperature humidity index is considered, which, together with the air velocity, determines the thermal perception of the state of the environment. Generally this state is expressed by the temperature humidity index (THI).
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Vliv teploty ve stáji na welfare a produkci krav českého strakatého skotu a možnosti její ovlivnění
Dvořák, Filip
The bachelor thesis deals with the processing of information on the influence of heat stress on the production and welfare of cows of czech fleckvieh cattle during the summer months. The theoretical part presents basic information from selected literature and available sources. The following practical part was performed in DVP, a Pyless cooperative, where the temperature in the main production stable was measured using a humidity / temperature sensor. The practical part also took into account the results from the performance check from June to October. Last but not least, the impact of heat stress on welfare was also assessed by monitoring the cow lying time through the Afifarm system. The results show that due to the greatest number of days with a temperature exceeding 20 ° C, the most stressful month was July. The effect of heat stress on the milk yield was not able to be demonstrated, because of several factors, both positive and negative, which have been dairy cows affected at this time. The influence of heat stress on the welfare of dairy cows is noticeable, in the summer months the animals had a shorter lying time and increased frequency of problems with the mammary gland.
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Noncanonical human eIF4Es in and out of the RNA granules
Frydrýšková, Klára ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Půta, František (referee) ; Valášek, Leoš (referee)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E1 (eIF4E1) plays a pivotal role in the control of cap-dependent translation initiation, occurs in P- bodies and is important for the formation of stress granules (SG). Human cells encompass two other non-canonical translation initiation factors capable of cap binding although with a lower affinity for the cap: eIF4E2 and eIF4E3. Here, I investigated the ability of individual eIF4E family members and their variants to localize to SGs and P-bodies in stress-free, arsenite and heat shock conditions. Under all tested conditions, both eIF4E1 and eIF4E2 proteins and all their variants localized to P-bodies unlike eIF4E3 protein variants. Under both arsenite and heat stress conditions all tested variants of eIF4E1 and the variant eIF4E3-A localized to SGs albeit with different abilities. Protein eIF4E2 and all its investigated variants localized specifically to a major part of heat stress-induced stress granules. Further analysis showed that approximately 75% of heat stress-induced stress granules contain all three eIF4Es, while in 25% of them eIF4E2 is missing. Large ribosomal subunit protein L22 was found specifically enriched in arsenite induced SGs. Heat stress-induced re- localization of several proteins typical for P-bodies such as eIF4E2, DCP-1, AGO-2...
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Vliv tepelného stresu na kvalitu ejakulátu kanců
Přibilová, Magdalena
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high temperature on selected parameters of semen quality of duroc boars at the insemination station in Velké Mezirici (N 49°23.46667', E 15°52.70135') in season from May to September. For purpose of the experiment were chosen 20 boars of the Duroc breed, divided into two groups. Group A (the control group; n = 10) has average quality of semen and group B (the experimantal group; n = 10) showed below-average long-term quality of semen. Analysed parametres were volume of ejaculate (ml), concentration of sperm (thousands/ml), total account of sperm in ejaculate (mld. ks), motility (%) and rate of abnormal sperm (%). In the stable the temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were monitored at hourly intervals for whole period of this study. The results of the experiment shows that the volume of ejaculate from both monitored groups increased at the same rate (P > 0.05) and in group A from 198 ml to 252 ml; in group B from 203 ml to 241 ml. Concentration of sperm of group A decreased (from 499 000/ml to 436 000/ml), whereas concentration of sperm of group B was at the same level during the experiment. The motility of sperm of group A at the end of the experiment increased (from 71.4 % to 74.0 %) and motility of sperm of group B has intensively decreased (from 67.3 % to 62.2 %). The decreation of sperm motility was statisticaly significant (P < 0.05). The influence of ambient temperature in this case had no significant effect on boar semen with average values (group A), but has been reported statistical significance in deterioration of sperm motility (P <0.05) and number of morphologically abnormal sperm (P < 0.05) in group of boars, who showed below-average long-term semen quality (group B). In both groups there was lower sperm concentration, which could be due to the increased volume of ejaculate in the summer months.
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The role of stress granules and 4E-BP in heat-stressed cells of S. cerevisiae
Kolářová, Věra ; Hašek, Jiří (advisor) ; Zimmermannová, Olga (referee)
The cells are capable of very quick and specific reactions on stress conditions. Influence of translation, specifically initiation of translation by inhibition factors, is one of the main regulatory process. Two of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP), Eap1p and Caf20p, are known as cap-dependent translation repressors in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used in vivo fluorescent microscopy analysis to show different reaction of Caf20p and Eap1p to heat stress. Protein Caf20p does not react on heat shock and stays difused in cytoplasm. Contrary to Caf20p reaction, protein Eap1p accumulates in cytoplasm close to stress granules (SGs). This work shows that Eap1p is involved in stress granules assembly. In the absence of Eap1p, yeast cells react to the heat stress with small and less focused SGs. Dele- tion of CAF20 does not affect SG assembly. This points to specific function of SG in distribution of factors connected with stress reaction. Polysomal analysis shows that deletion of one of initiation translation repressors does not affect heat induced global repression of translation. In permisive condition deletion of EAP1 may cause defect in addition of 60S ribosomal subunits. Absence of protein Eap1p causes morphological defect. That point to a different reactions of Eap1p and Caf20p on heat stress and possible...
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Effects of temperature extremes on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases
Urban, Aleš ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Faculty of Sicence, Charles University Aleš Urban, Praha 2012 Effects of temperature extremes on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases The thesis compares differences in the impacts of warm and cold days on both excess mortality and hospitalizations for individual cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Prague and a selected rural region (southern Bohemia - JČ) consisting of the Jihočeský kraj and Vysočina districts in the period 1994- 2009. Population size and age structure are similar in the two regions. The differences are compared between selected population groups (men and women; < 65 and 65+ years). Value of the 90% (10%) percentile of daily mean air temperature in summer (winter) during the period were used for the definition of warm (cold) days for each region separately. The excess mortality and hospitalizations were determined as the difference from standardized daily counts of death and hospital admissions, adjusted for epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections, long-term changes, and for annual and weekly cycles of mortality and hospitalizations. Generally higher relative excess CVD mortality on warm days was identified in Prague, while for cold days we found higher excess mortality in south Bohemia. In contrast to mortality, weak excess CVD hospitalizations were observed for both...
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Effect of selected factors on reproductive characteristics of dairy cows
Šťásková, Michaela ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of selected factors on the reproductive characteristics of Montbeliard dairy cows. Hypothesis said that high milk production, poor health and high air temperatures have a negative effect on reproductive indicators of cows.
In the literature review, there were summarized knowledge about the factors affecting fertility, reproductive indicators and a description of the breed. Observation was carried out on the farm Osičky, which is one of the centers of the company Agrodružstvo Lhota pod Libčany. To assess the influence of milk yield and health were monitored all standard lactations of dairy cows, which were completed in the period from 1. 1. 2014 to 31. 12. 2015. This gave rise to a set of 632 lactations.
To evaluate the milk production was data set divided by the number of lactation, quarter of calving and the rate of milk production into three groups. As a disease with an expected negative impact on fertility, mastitis was selected. Besides air temperature, the relative humidity was assessed too. Indicators such as days open, days from calving to calving and services per conception were evaluated. In order to assess the impact of climate change on fertility data file was divided into 3 groups of air temperature, by quarter, according to the category of cows and by calendar year. Services per conception, pregnancy after the first insemination and pregnancy after all insemination, were assessed. Data could be obtained only from a whole herd of cows and heifers. For statistical evaluation has been used SAS 9.3 software (SAS / STAT 9.3, 2011).
Achieved an average length of days open was 98.07 days, days from calving to calving 380.62 days, services per conception was 1.94, pregnancy after the first insemination in heifers 54.28% and 48.43% in cows, yield per lactation was 8 407, 98 kg of milk with fat contents of 3.65 % and a protein contents of 3.53 %. Mastitis occurred only in 17.72 % of cases. The average monthly air temperature during the year 2014 ranged from 1.3 ° C to 21.2 ° C, in 2015 it was 1.5 ° C - 23.2 ° C.
From the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the milk production per lactation had a statistically significant effect on the length of the days open (r = 0.214; P <0.001), services per conception (r = 0.296; P <0.001) and days from calving to calving (r = 0.147; P < 0.01). Therefore we can talk about the significant influence of milk production per lactation. With the increasing amount of milk kg days open and days from calving to calving extended and services per conception also grew. Analysis of variance confirmed the effect of the amount of milk yield per lactation on days from calving to calving (P <0.05), days open (P <0.001) and services per conception (P <0.001). Furthermore, quarter of calving had a significant effect (P <0.05) on services per conception and days open and the effect of category on pregnancy after all insemination (P <0.01) and services per conception has been demonstrated (P <0.05). Heifers showed demonstrably better results of assessed reproductive characteristics compared to cows. There was no effect of the incidence of mastitis on days open, days from calving to calving and services per conception proven (P> 0.05). Effect of air temperature on services per conception, pregnancy after the first insemination and pregnancy after all insemination, was not statistically proven (P > 0.05). Furthermore it has been approved many correlations between different parameters at the levels of significance (P < 0.001, P < 0.05).
The hypothesis was confirmed only for the negative impact of high milk production, but the impact of poor health and high air temperatures on reproduction was not approved. The results indicate a healthy herd in terms of mastitis, good management of breeding, which minimizes heat stress and which is of relatively high milk yield and proven negative impact of high milk production to reproduction, achieved a good level of reproduction.
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