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Project of optimalization and cooperation of power units
Hübková, Ivana ; Mastný, Petr (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with heat circulation in condensing thermal power plants and the possibilities of increasing their effectiveness. Specifically it addresses several topics, namely: "increasing of inlet steam parameters, improving of vacuum in the condenser, regenerative heating, reheating of steam and, last but not least, the supercritical steam parameters." Furthermore, it also deals with losses in heat circulation, power balance and specific consumption. Another part of this thesis deals with optimization of operations and cooperation of two power plant units. A case study shows the optimal power division at load. The cost and consumption characteristics of these blocks are plotted. An insight into the future of Czech energetics is made, theorizing about the advantages of dividing electrical energy distribution, from the point of view of economy, environment, and primarily, technology.
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Verification of different types of fly ash for production of artificial aggregate
Zahálka, Milan ; Donát, Pavel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Diploma thesis gives an overview of artificial lightweight aggregates based on fly ash. Fly ash such as the residues of coal burning is currently one of the most used secondary raw materials for new building materials for research papers. The results shows that the secondary energy products are not just fully substitute the primary component, but in many cases improves the final properties of building products. Wide complex of fly ashes not only from domestic sources was tested and it`s main properties important for it`s further application was determined. Laboratory production of artificial aggregates based on fly ash made by sintering and also by cold bonding and following manufacture of artificial fly ash aggregates in technological conditions are also solved. The thesis is simultaneously concentrate on review of the suitability of fly ash aggregates in lightweight concrete.It was found that the highest quality fly ash for the production of sintered fly ash aggregate is fly ash and FBC ash is the best for the production of cold bonded aggregates. It was also verified that both types of aggregates are applicable to lightweight concrete class LC 20/22. The vast majority of manufactured aggregates is suitable for the production of lightweight concrete class LC 30/33. It was demonstrated that the sintered fly ash aggregates can be also used for high strength lightweight concrete class LC 50/55. Tests have also verified that all tested fly ashes and products produced from them meet the requirements of legislation on environment.
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Calculation of the thermal diagram high load steam turbine with steam reheating
Cerman, Marek ; Lázničková, Ilona (referee) ; Raček, Jiří (advisor)
The major topic of this bachelor’s thesis is calculation of thermal diagram with condensing steam turbine. In the first section the project is focused on the theory of steam cycles. In nine separate chapters the reader is briefly introduced to the principle of steam turbine as well as to some common type of steam turbines, basic diagrams of steam cycles and their illustrations in T-s diagram and Mollier h-s diagram. The attention is then individually focused on the process of energy change, how is the steam energy transformed into a mechanical energy, the inference of turbine output power, the assesment of actual efficiency of steam diagram systems and on the facilities that allow for an increase of the efficiency in practice. In the second section of the project, the calculation of thermal diagram of free-cylinder turbine with steam reheating is introduced as a follow-through to the theoretical basics. The rated output of the turbo-set is 100 MW. The thermal cycle is defined by the main steam parameters, the reheat parameters and the emission pressure. Setting component is basic thermal diagram which foremost introduces the connections of system of regenerative heaters from the point of utilisation of the heating steams condensates. First chapter of the second section targets the general method of solution, which in connectedness consists of the concept of steam expansion in the turbine, the concept of heating feed water in regenerative heaters, the assignment of the mass steam flows in the cycle and the assignment of energy index figures. The method analysis is, even in the scope of determining basic parameters detailed. In the second chapter, the general method is subsequently applied to a numeral calculation of the given diagram. Here, the method that exploits computer software is demonstrated. It will assert itself with the instancy, the calculation may be proceeded with, compared to common use of water and steam tables and to the accuracy to which the quantity values of working substance are marked during various thermodynamic phases. All of the significant figures defining the designated thermal cycle are calculated. In the conclusion the values are summarized in a table and picture overview and evaluated.
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Fossil fuels use in Czech Republic
Trávníček, Tomáš ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to collect facts about fossil fuels and their utilization in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the thesis discusses the fossil fuels and their division in general. The main part of the thesis is focused on mining and utilization of different kinds of fossil fuels in the Czech Republic with the emphasis being put on the brown coal, black coal and the natural gas. The oil and the lignite are briefly dealt with as well. The thesis includes the statistics of the fossil fuels‘ production of the mining companies, the summary of the big energy facilities in the Czech Republic and the mapping of their fuel bases.
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