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Arctic lakes: present zooplankton, subfossil record and past development reconstruction, focused on Svalbard
Sejbalová, Zuzana ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
Arctic areas have low energy income and therefore harbour very simple food webs. Every environmental change has large and immediate impact. There are many types of lakes in the Arctic, and their sediments accumulate pieces of organisms that inhabited them. Most frequently those are Chironomidae, Diatomeae and Cladocera. My thesis is focused on Cladocera, which have very good subfossil record, most offen carapaces, head shields, postabdomens and ephippia can be found. In palaeolimnological studies these records are used to reconstruct development of environmental factors such as temperature, water level and trophic status. These models can then be used to predict future changes of the environment. My future work will be focused on lake Garmaksla in the central Svalbard and therefore all aspect in presented thesis is focused on Svalbard. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Blood parasites of ray from Svalbard
JAKEŠOVÁ, Anežka
This Bachelor's thesis is about blood parasites of fish and chondrichthyes. In this case especially thorny skate Amblyraja radiata. Blood smears of fish and chondrichthyes for this thesis were obtained from Svalbard, which I deal with at the beginning. In the theoretical part, the division of the chondrichthyes as well as parasitism in general are descibed. In the followinf description I mentioned blood parasites, trematodes and nematodes, which can also appear in the blood of the vertebrates. The blood parasites aslo includes Haemogregarina delagei, which is the only parasite found on blood smears of thorny skate Amblyraja radiata and Desseria myoxocephali on fish Myoxocephalus scorpius. A. radiata are infected by H.delagei in high prevalence (90 %) on Svalbard. In the practical part, I have dealt with all the steps to gain part of the gene 18S rRNA. Isolated DNA from ray blood was added in several different mixtures PCR products, which were different by polymerase buffer or primers. I obtained the size of the PCR products by agarose electrophoresis, isolated by commercial type (Expin Combo, GeneAll) and sent to the Seqme company for a direct sequencing, or I used it for molecular cloning. I isolated well-cloned DNA segments from competent cells by using a kit (Hybrid-Q Plasmid, GeneAll) and sequenced in the Seqme service company again.Obtained sequencies are similar to Desseria myoxocephali, and it reflects the hypothesis, that Haemogregarina is not monophyletic genus.
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Trematodes of family Opecoelidae in Central Part of Svalbard
OTÁHAL, Ondřej
This study provides results of morphological analyses of material from fishes Myoxocephalus scorpius and Gymnocanthus tricuspis from Svalbard. Adult of Podocotyle atomon were studied using carmine stain and scanning electron microscopy. During fieldtrip on Svalbard experimental infection of intermediate host Amphipoda in the natural environment was documented.
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Intestinal parasites of vertebrates in Svalbard
MYŠKOVÁ, Eva
The study was aimed to obtain basic information about the distribution of intestinal parasites of mammals and birds in Svalbard. Faeces of different species were used to detect intestinal parasites. All samples were collected during two seasons and examined by microscopic methods and molecular diagnostic was used for detection of microsporidia, cryptosporidia, coccidia and giardiae.
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Geographical guide of the arctic area - Špicberky
VYHLÍDKA, Robert
The main aim of this thesis is a preparation of the first Czech geographical guide to the arctic area of Spitsbergen (Svalbard). The thesis is based on English and German specialized books as well as on author´s personal experience that he gained during his three months working stay in there. Theoretical part consists of minute description in accordance with practice used for generation of geographical guidebooks. In practical part of the thesis is author´s draft of his own routes tracing, including thein difficulty, photos and specification. Part of it will work sheets for secondary school pupils, presentation and methodical manual for teachers.
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The incidence of potential agents of parasitic zoonoses in Svalbard
HONSOVÁ, Lucie
In my thesis I have studied the occurrence of selected parasitic zoonoses in terrestrial vertebrates on Svalbard. Parasitic examination was focused on ascertaining of the presence of cryptosporidia, microsporidia and giardia. There were 87 samples of excrements of 12 animal species. In Svalbard, only 3 species of terrestrial mammals occure. Originally there were only the svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). In the first half of the 20th century east european vole (Microtus levis) has been introduced there probably from Russia ? region of Petersburg. In this archipelago there can be found different birds species in summer and the only one who winter there is the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). The samples were analyzed by microscopy of stained smears and by molecular methods. For microscopic examination the staining by Miláček ? Vítovec was used to find out the presence of oocysts of cryptosporidia in animal excrements. The molecular diagnostics of cryptosporidia, microsporidia and giardia was done using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The positive detection was followed by the sequential analyses which proved the presence of cryptosporidia: C. parvum in Anser brachyrhynchus, Cryptosporidium goose genotype II in Branta leucopsis and C. muris TS 03 in Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus. Also the presence of Encephalitozoon. cuniculi genoype II in three samples of Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus, one sample of Alopex lagopus and one sample of Branta leucopsis was proved. Another recognized kind of microsporidia was Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus and Anser brachyrhynchus. Both findings present new genotypes of microsporidia. These findings proved that the extreme conditions of high Arctic on Svalbard enable spreading of intestinal unicellular parasites, cryptosporidia and microsoridia.
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Photoautotrophic microorganisms in the glacial ecosystem of Svalbard, high Arctic
STIBAL, Marek
Photoautotrophic microorganisms, i.e. cyanobacteria and microalgae, are ubiquitous in the glacial ecosystem of the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Their communities play significant roles in the ecosystem, including organic carbon production on the glacier surface and its supply to downstream environments, initiating microbial colonisation after glacier retreat and preparing proglacial substrata for further succession.
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