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Vliv zavadání, kontaminace píce zeminou a použitých konzervantů na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží vojtěšky seté
Spáčilová, Kristýna
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the effects of wilting, soil contamination and use of silage additive on selected characteristics of green fodder and lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage. The plan material was obtained from the Research institute for Fodder Crops in Vatín. Unwilted fodder consisted in 24 % of dry matter content; wilted fodder consisted in 33 % of dry matter content. Selected samples were contaminated with soil at 30 g/kg of mass. Silage was in untreated variant (control) and two treated variants (either with biological additive or with chemical additive). Unwilted fodder had significantly (p<0,05) higher content of histamine and spermidine. Wilted fodder had a significantly (p<0,01) higher content of putrescine. In lucerne silage, factor of contamination had more significant (p<0,01) effect on ash content, and used silage additive had a statistically significant effect (p<0,05) on NDF content in silage. Significantly higher (p<0,01) content of clostridia was observed in silage from wilted fodder. The wilting factor had significantly higher effect (p<0,01) on content of ammonia, organic acids (LA, AA, PA, BA) and significant effect (p<0,05) on pH. Silage from wilted fodder was characterized by a higher pH, higher content of LA and lower content ammonia, AA, PA, BA. Contamination had significant effect (p<0,05) on increasing pH, reduction of LA and significant effect (p<0,01) on increased content of ammonia, AA, PA, BA. The silage additives significantly (p<0,05) decreased pH and significantly (p<0,01) decreased ammonia, PA, BA levels and increased LA, AA levels. The most abundant biogenic amines in silage were histamine (969 mg / kg), tyramine (800 mg / kg), putrescin (1754 mg / kg) and cadaverine (501 mg / kg). The biological additive used in the sufficiently wilted fodder works better to prevent the formation of biogenic amines and result in a more suitable fermentation profile.
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Mykotoxiny a zdravotní bezpečnost objemných krmiv
Heinz, František
Mycotoxins are important contaminants in bulky feed. Monitoring of mycotoxins shows the fact that they are present in almost all made bulky feed. Mycotoxins can be found in plants before harvest and adversely affect their growth and development. The following feeding of mycotoxin-contaminated feed has an effect on utility reduction and complications of health condition in depense on the type of mycotoxin. In order to reduce the intake of high doses of mycotoxines by animals it is necessary to use decontamination methods. However this measure should be preceded by the prevention before mycotoxin producers which are filamentous fungi. In order to suppress the presence of filamentous fungi we need to know the conditions which are need for growth, development and reproduction. The object of this work was to summarize possible methods of mycotoxins decontamination, reduction of the presence of filamentous fungi, description of growth conditions and stressors conditional on mycotoxin production. Further, the characteristics of some mycotoxins and their effect on plants and livestock.
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Porovnání kvality siláží známých a méně známých druhů jetelovin
Vlček, Martin
The diploma thesis is focused on comparison of the quality of forage and silage from known (Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pretense L.) and lesser known (Trigonella foenum-graceum L., Trifolium alexandrinum L.) legumes. Evaluated factors were orga-nic nutrients (crude protein, crude fiber, acidodetergent fiber and neutrodetergent fiber), aqueos extract quality (pH, amonia, etanol, organic acids and acidity of aqueous extract). Expereimental silages were made in free treatmenst (without treatment, biological treatment and chemical preservative). Crude protein kontent was camparable between varieties. The highest content (P<0,05) of crude fiber was for Holyna variety (36,3 %), while the lowest content (P<0,05) of crude fiber was for Hanka variety (21,1 %). The use of preservatives affected the values of organic nutrients in the silage of the evaluated legumes. No butyric acid was found in silage treated by chemical preservative. The highest acidity value of the aqueous extract was for Spurt variety silage (1085,5 mg∙100 g-1 KOH). The use of preservatives has reduced the acidity of the aqueous extract.
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Porovnání procesů výroby kukuřičné siláže a siláže ze zavadlé píce
Látal, Vojtěch
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize the biochemical processes and to evaluate the quality in the production of maize silages and silages from wilted fodder. In the literature review, we analyze the factors influencing the quality and health safety of maize silages and silages from wilted fodder. The work refers to the need to keep the correct technological operations to obtain the silage with a high nutrient content and no natural injurants. We evaluated the costs of production of maize silages, lucerne silages and permanent grassland silages. The assessment shows that the production of maize silage is cheaper than the production of grassland silage. High production of the fodder, quality and health safety of fodder is determinated by the right choice of the maize hybrid or lucerne varieties in accordance with given soil and climatic conditions.
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Vliv aditiv na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží jetelovin
Florianová, Viola
The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare quality of protein silages made of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (there were used two varieties Holyna and Tereza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (tetraploid variety Amos and diploid variety Spurt) ensiled with low dry matter content 16–20 %. Experimental parcels were founded in 2013. Plots of lucerne were harvested for three following years, plots of red clover were harvested for two following years. Green feed was ensiled into laboratory microsilos directly after harvesting. The silage quality was compared within species and variety and within different silage additives. There were analyzed contents of organic nutrients, digestibility in green material and organic nutrients, digestibility, quality of silage extracts, losses and amount of silage effluents in silages. Silages made of red clover had significantly (p <0,05) lower pH, ammonia content, content of butyric acid and proteolysis level compared to lucerne silages. Amos variety had also significantly higher content of lactic acid compared to both lucerne silages. The effect of chemical silage additive on silage quality was significant. Silages treated with chemical additive had significantly lower (p <0,05) pH, ammonia content, content of acetic acid, ethanol and level of proteolysis compared to untreated variant and variant treated with biological additive.
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The Evaluation of quality of conserved fodder and recommendations of conservation technology improvement in selected farm
PAVLÍK, Václav
The aim of this thesis was to assess the quality of preserved forage in various ways of preserving silage. Sensory evaluation of the fermentation process and laboratory evaluation was used to assess the quality of legume-based silages in various preservation technologies. In addition, forage preservation in silage pressing technology was compared with and without additive (Silafor 2000 Plus). The literature review shows the importance of feed conservation, basic methods of conservation of forage, botanical composition of forage crops, conservation principles and their processes. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of preservation processes. In total, 3 ways of preservation of legume-free mixture - baling of foil, silage trough and silage bag - were evaluated. The evaluation of the results of the technology was based on the best results of the method of preservation in the bag, the preservation in the pit, the package using adiditive and the lower quality preservation of the package without additive. The forage quality was also significantly influenced by the proportion of oats in the mixture and the phenophase of the harvest.
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Zhodnocení kvality konzervovaných krmiv a úrovně výživy jalovic ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
FIC, Josef
Rearing heifers is one of the most important activities undertaken in the framework of the operation of dairy cattle farms. Corn silage and perennial forage crops are an important feed for livestock. During their production is important to follow all technological procedures starting from the selection of seed forage crops to quality covering the silo. Failure to observe technological processes leads to problems of poor fermentation process which results in poor feed, which immediately reflected on the animals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate nutritive value of silages. The literature review processes the nutrition of the heifers in the agricultural cooperative Zemědělská Klučenice, a.s. It includes also the composition of the feed ration, the share of individual components and their nutrient composition. Agricultural cooperative owns modern technology. The result there were no deficiencies in feed rations and in hygiene. In the conclusion, the author suggests possible solutions improve.
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Konzervace krmiv silážováním
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
This thesis as literary study is focused on the feed conservation by silaging. Especially, it deals with the elementary aims of silaging. The process of making a silage is aimed to the microbiological process, the technology of silage production and the possibility of the usage of aditives. In the silaging technology, there are described different ways of conservation, which are important for the production of quality silage in different conditions, which can occur. The aditives stabilise the process and improve the quality and taste of silage. Quality silage is an assumption of good health of animals and their high production, which is a base of the farm economy.
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Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů kukuřičné siláže
BROŽ, Petr
The Livestock production is in many ways a progressive discipline, which is characterized in that it blends several seemingly unrelated industries. One of the most important nutrition and feed livestock. With the development of the cultivation of maize (Zea mays), and the need for its preservation, it was necessary to develop a methodology proper ensiling. This practice establishes the correct principles for the production of high-quality, nutritional value and harmless silage. It already belongs to the selection of the optimal hybrid, suitable agronomic measures during cultivation, build a functional and efficient silage lines, selection and application of additives, proper layering and ramming masses and responsible handling of ready-made food, including a ration.
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Stroje pro sklizeň píce: příprava výukových materiálů
ZUKAL, Martin
This bacalar thesis provides an overview of forage harvesting machines. The thesis is divided into chapters according to individual types of machines and provides a view of their agrotechnical requirements, partition, description of basic carried out operations and description of their basic work. The bacalar thesis should serve as supplementary teaching text for students of the Department of Agricultural, transport and handling Technology of the Faculty of agriculture of South Bohemian University. Information and parameters are found in the technical literature on agricultural machinery, promotional materials and websites of manufacturers and vendors of this technique.
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