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Factors influencing intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate
Trubelová, Zuzana ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
The relationship between metabolic rate and animal body size of the animal has been studied for more than hundred years. Recently, attention of scientists moved from the interspecific to the intraspecific level. The work focuses on the intraspecific scaling of metabolism. When plotting the metabolic rate against body mass during ontogeny the resulting line often exhibits one or more breaks. Why these breaks (and thus reduction the metabolic rate) occur hasn't been fully explained. It is assumed that can be due to certain factors that affect an individual during development. Some of these factors came from the most famous of several hypotheses attempting to explain the scaling of metabolic rate. These hypotheses include the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE), the Metabolic Level Boundaries (MLB), the Cell model and the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) hypothesis. There are several factors that could affect individuals during ontogeny. These include internal factors, which result from the internal processes within the body. These factors are often interrelated with each other in different ways; therefore, it is unlikely to choose only one particular factor which affects metabolic rate. The most frequently studied factors are changes of cell size and changes in the proportion of metabolically active...
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PHYSICAL SKILLS OF 5th CLASS -CHILDREN IN VILLAGES AND CITIES AND THEIR COMPARISION
Junková, Marie ; Hronzová, Marie (advisor) ; Černý, Martin (referee)
The goal of this bachelor's thesis was to determine the level of physical skills of children in 5th grade and to compare the level of skills of children in primary schools in villages and cities. Due to the vastness of the topic only gymnastic skills were chosen for the purpose of this research. The gymnastic skills were selected based on the curriculum of physical education for 5th grades of primary schools. The skills chosen were: somersault, somersault back, hand stand and vault. The testing was conducted at selected primary schools during classes of physical education with help from physical education teachers. Children were classified by rating scales; these rating scales were created separately for each physical skill. Graphic elaboration of the results was created to help evaluate the research. Furthermore we were interested whether there are more children with apparent overweight in primary schools in cities or in primary schools in villages. We also wanted to distinguish to what extent these children affected the results of the research.
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Závislost predace a rychlosti metabolismu na teplotě z pohledu kořisti i predátora
MODRÁ, Denisa
Climate changes affect species interactions which can have cascading effect up to the ecosystem level. This work investigates the effects of temperature and predator size on predator prey interactions by measuring the feeding rates of predators and metabolic rates of both predator and prey, using dragonfly larvae Aeshna cyanea and toad tadpoles Bufo bufo as a model system. Possible consequences of the findings for the impacts of climate change and predation on amphibian populations are discussed.
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The influence of professional treatment by a dental hygienist on oral health
DRBALOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that consistent professional dental care is crucial for improving overall oral hygiene. Theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the topics of history of dental hygiene, the issue of dental diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis or paradontitis. Furthermore, the thesis describes the most common tasks the dental hygienist is supposed to do. Finally, the end of theoretical part is dedicated to the positive affection of fluoride tools on improving the health of oral cavity and to the importance of general prevention in dentistry. In the practical part of this thesis the attention is paid to professional educating of a group of subjects in the dental hygienist's office within the horizon of six months. During both input and output examinations the subjects have been instructed on the topics of proper care of their oral cavities. Next, their tooth plaque and tartar have been removed and they have been examined according to the PBI a CPITN indexes which were to evaluate the level of the subjects' cavities. Then the results were evaluated and registered into graphs tables. The results prove beyond all the reasonable doubt the professional dental care is highly influential on the overall health of subjects' oral cavities.
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STM study of growing 1D nanostructures composed by III and IV group atoms
Kučera, Michael ; Ošťádal, Ivan (advisor) ; Mysliveček, Josef (referee)
In the presented work we study Al and Sn on a Si(100)2$\times$1 surface by means of STM. Peculiarities of displaying and morphology of metallic structures are investigated. Utilizing the STM to investigate Al and Sn, we obtain the growth characteristics for various coverage and temperatures at deposition. It is shown, that island size distribution is scalable for both metals and has a qualitatively different character. In order to interpret the growth characteristics and obtain unknown microscopic parameters, a new software tool for kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of aluminum was conceived.
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Hierarchical Coding of Moving Pictures
Špaček, Milan ; Rášo, Ondřej (referee) ; Schimmel, Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor‘s thesis deals with hierarchical coding – scaling – of moving pictures in currently widely used compression algorithms MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. Scaling is the process whereby the encoded data stream is divided into graduated layers, adapted especially to the possibilities of transmission media and capabilities of terminal devices. The content of the base layer is a signal with reduced quality. The content of one or more extension layers is a supplementary picture information, completing the signal to a full quality form. The decoder, depending on its abilities and external circumstances, can decode only the relevant layers from the received bitstream. The thesis focuses in the theoretical part on the detailed description of encoding and decoding video signal according to MPEG standards using three types of scalability. In the concrete, the spatial, qualitative SNR and Fine granular scalability are mentioned. In the practical part of thesis was created an educational application in Matlab environment with its own graphical user interface, which implements the functions performing spatial, qualitative SNR and Fine granular scalability. Based on the user-specified input parameters, it performs scaling the image and then displays the outputs of individual layers after scaling and after the image reconstruction. The input of the programme, in which a hierarchical coding is done, is the image in bitmap format with any size in RGB format.
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Scaling of arterial input function in DCE-MRI
Holeček, Tomáš ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Kratochvíla, Jiří (advisor)
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging is modern diagnostic method used mainly in oncology. In this method, contrast agent is injected to the subject and then is continuously monitored the progress of its concentration in the affected area in time. Correct determination of the arterial input function (AIF) is very important for perfusion analysis. One possibility is to model AIF by multichannel blind deconvolution but the estimated AIF is necessary to be scaled. This master´s thesis is focused on description of scaling methods and their influence on perfussion parameters in dependence on used model of AIF in different tissues.
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Scaling of arterial input function in DCE-MRI
Holeček, Tomáš ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Kratochvíla, Jiří (advisor)
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging is modern diagnostic method used mainly in oncology. In this method, contrast agent is injected to the subject and then is continuously monitored the progress of its concentration in the affected area in time. Correct determination of the arterial input function (AIF) is very important for perfusion analysis. One possibility is to model AIF by multichannel blind deconvolution but the estimated AIF is necessary to be scaled. This master´s thesis is focused on description of scaling methods and their influence on perfussion parameters in dependence on used model of AIF in different tissues.
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Distributed database systems
GEYER, Jakub
This thesis has for its aim to contribute to the problematics of big data distribution on the database level. Particular means of data distribution are analysed, especially in regard to its possible decentralised usage. Acquired findings are consequently used for the creation of the database system concept that enables saving and sharing of biological samples created by measuring with the aid of mass spectrometer.
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Influence size of grain of map basis on evaluation biotopes in forest-agricultural landscape by BVM method.
MĚKUTOVÁ, Tereza
Abstract At the time of the excessive exhaustion of natural resources the evaluation of biotopes is an ultimate part of use. Biotopes are places, characterized by set of abiotic, biotic, and anthropic factors, where certain community occurs. T herefore it is necessary to classify and evaluate biotopes in accordance with their specifics. The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the map sheet 1:10 000 Dolany, using Biotope Valuation Method (BVM) and to determine the influence of the grain size of the map on the biodiversity value and the size of observed area, from which it is possible to use less detailed mapping CORINE LC. The comparison of biotope values, computed on two mapping systems with the different grain size of the map (combined mapping Natura 2000-BVM and the database CORINE LC) was the next aim of my work. The application of the scaling method, when the values of map segments of five sizes were compared by t-test, was used to determine whether the size of the observed area and the different grain size of the map have got an effect on the value of biodiversity. Comparison of two mapping systems of my map sheet Dolany (with natural and near to natural biotope representation 26.8 %) did not reveal any statistically significant effect of the different scale and different grain size of the map on the biodiversity value. Thus the hypothesis about the role of the percentage of natural biotope representation on biotope value of any area was confirmed (Burešová, 2009). According to this hypothesis, biotope value computed on the base of CORINE LC exceeds the value computed on the base of Natura 2000 -BVM mapping, when the natural biotope representation is less than 28 % and conversely; biotope values are equal, when natural biotope represen tation is about 28 %.
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