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Ověření vlivu aplikace přípravků na bakteriální bázi pro ovocné dřeviny
Hlaváčová, Kateřina
The diploma thesis „The Effect of Application of Bacterial Preparations on Fruit Trees“ compares quantitative and qualitative properties of apricots treated and nontreated with bacterial praparations. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three parts; the first is focused on description of the species apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), the next part deals with nutrition of fruit trees. The last part focuses on importance of soil microorganisms, especially PGPR bacteria, for plants. PGPR bacteria is group of plant growth promoting bacteria. At the end of the theoretical part there is a description of the most important genera of plant growth promoting bacteria. The practical part focuses on application of bacterial preparations in an apricot orchard. Variants with bacterial applications were compared to control variants in yield, size and weight of apricot, analytical evaluation of fruits (content of elements, vitamin C, flavonoids and antioxidant capacities) and monitoring of storage parametres, such as weight loss, content of refractometric dry matter, total titratable acidity and fruit firmness.
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Interactions of macrofungi and trace elements in soils
Cejpková, Jaroslava
This PhD thesis follows my master's thesis, which I focused on the problem of uranium determination and content in macrofungal fruit-bodies (the results have been published, Appendix 1). Macrofungi apparently do not accumulate uranium in fruit-bodies but as other studies suggested major roles of fungi in environmental geochemistry of uranium, I hypothesized possible accumulation of uranium and other elements in ectomycorrhizae. I therefore decided to continue the research and focus on investigation of trace elements in ectomycorrhizae. As I had opportunity to use a variety of analytical methods, I also participated in other studies in the field geomycology and the results are included in this thesis. In response to alarmist reports in Czech media, I focused on activity and distribution of radiocaesium in fruit-bodies of Boletus badius. As demonstrated in Appendix 2, the fruit- bodies of this species do not represent a health risk for mushroom consumers. Distribution of mycelium of saprotrophic Agaricus bernardii in a soil profile in Prague was investigated by use of molecular methods (PCR with specific primers). The results have shown that the mycelium reaches the depth of 30 cm. Lead isotopic composition of fruit- bodies suggests lead can be accumulated from soil depth of 13-17 cm (Appendix 3)....
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Interactions of macrofungi and trace elements in soils
Cejpková, Jaroslava ; Borovička, Jan (advisor) ; Gabriel, Jiří (referee) ; Drahota, Petr (referee)
This PhD thesis follows my master's thesis, which I focused on the problem of uranium determination and content in macrofungal fruit-bodies (the results have been published, Appendix 1). Macrofungi apparently do not accumulate uranium in fruit-bodies but as other studies suggested major roles of fungi in environmental geochemistry of uranium, I hypothesized possible accumulation of uranium and other elements in ectomycorrhizae. I therefore decided to continue the research and focus on investigation of trace elements in ectomycorrhizae. As I had opportunity to use a variety of analytical methods, I also participated in other studies in the field geomycology and the results are included in this thesis. In response to alarmist reports in Czech media, I focused on activity and distribution of radiocaesium in fruit-bodies of Boletus badius. As demonstrated in Appendix 2, the fruit- bodies of this species do not represent a health risk for mushroom consumers. Distribution of mycelium of saprotrophic Agaricus bernardii in a soil profile in Prague was investigated by use of molecular methods (PCR with specific primers). The results have shown that the mycelium reaches the depth of 30 cm. Lead isotopic composition of fruit- bodies suggests lead can be accumulated from soil depth of 13-17 cm (Appendix 3)....
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Change of structure and function of a fungal comunnities in the soil environment after the end of the flowassimilates with Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Mrnka, Libor (referee)
The decomposition of plant biomass is associated with changes of the associated fungal community which is crucial in the process of degradation due to their production of extracellular enzymes. Moreover, fungal communities as well as enzymatic activity are specific for soil microhabitats. This thesis focused on the importance of fungi associated with the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Forest with dominating Norway spruce, located in the School Forest Enterprise Křtiny area in Moravia, was selected for the experiment. The aim of this thesis was to compare the community composition of fungi in the roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil and to describe the gradual development of this community after the death of the roots. The next aim was to isolate, describe and characterize those fungi that decomposed roots 5 and 9 months after tree harvest. Identification of fungal isolates was based on DNA sequencing. Degradation capabilities were determined as the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. Composition of fungal communities was described by sequencing of environmental DNA on the Illumina platform. Before the flow of assimilates from the live trees stopped, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated with 60 % of all sequences. Increased abundance of saprotrophic...
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Fungi associated with tree roots
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
In contrast to the bulk soil environment, plant roots represent a habitat with higher nutrient availability due to the supply of photosynthesis-derived C-containing compounds. The roots thus support the life of various microorganisms that use such compounds, but the root-associated microbes in the same time may face a limitation in N and P availability. Unlike bacteria, many filamentous fungi are able to transport these compounds from soil and their mycelia thus typically extend into this environment. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are a typical example of this nutrition strategy. Tree roots produce exudates, that differ in thein composition for each species and they can also differ among individuals. It causes a high diversity of root-associated fungi. Soil is also inhabited by parasitic and saprotrophic fungi. Composition and activity of microbial communisies in the rhizosphere differ from the bulk soil. This work points at the differences of the rhizosphere and builk soil, the importance mycorrhizal fungi and it presents an overview of fungal species that have been found on the roots of spruce - Picea abies. Key words: fungi, mycorrhiza, soil, rhizosphere, Picea abies
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Rozdíly mezi mikrobiálními aktivitami rhizosférní a nerhizosférní půdy
Trčková, Nikola
The bachelor's thesis presents basic findings of soil -- its formation and importance, essential functions, physical and chemical properties and composition. Further issues described are organic matter, soil humus and cycles of major elements. Particular importance is dedicated to the rhizosphere, microorganisms and their microbial activity on rhizosphere and non- rhizosphere soil. Based on the microbiological analysis of rhizosphere and non- rhizosphere soil, the count of significant physiological groups of microorganisms is determined. The results are compared and evaluated.
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Rozdílné mikrobiální aktivity v rhizosféře trav Festuca ovina a Calamagrostis epigejos
Filipová, Lenka
The diploma thesis "Different microbial activity in the rhizosphere of grasses Festuca ovina and Calamagrostis epigejos" deals with the issue of climate change and eutrophication and their impact on the stability of rare habitats, specifically dry acidophilous grasslands in the Podyjí national park. The aim of the thesis is to study and collect the available sources about the issue of the interaction of soil microorganisms and plant roots in exceptional and protected dry grassland ecosystems, which are colonized by aggressive expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos, thereby compromising their integrity and stability. This issue is still not fully understood. Review of literature in the thesis describes the explanation of the most significant part of the issue - the nutrient cycling in ecosystems, C: N ratio, the role of microorganisms in the soil, and the importance of microbial processes in the rhizosphere and in grassland ecosystems generally. In the experimental part the hypothesis - that drought stress and eutrophication causes changes in the plant - microorganisms - soil system, which result in destabilization of the system, by an increase in leakage of nitrate and ammonium ions from the soil, and in changes in the quantity and quality of underground and aboveground biomass of Festuca ovina -- was confirmed.
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Activity of extracelular acid phosphomonoesterase of the soil and the roots in differently managed Norway spruce stands
Kočvarová, Soňa
The presented study was aimed to measurement of extracellular acid phosphomonoesterase activity in Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) pure stands. All study plots were chosen with respect to silvicultural treatment. Norway spruce mature stand 108-year-old (108); 36-year-old Norway spruce stand thinned from above (C3); 36-year-old Norway spruce stand thinned from below for (D4). Research was situated in Ecosystem station Rajec-Nemcice, the Czech Republic. The nature forest region of Drahanska Vrchovina upland (Drahansky bioregion) is ground area for Ecosystem Station Rajec-Nemcice, soil type was recognized as modal oligotrophic Cambisol (KAmd'). Typical is fir-beech forest vegetation zone. There are two major goals. As for soil activity of extracellular acid phosphomonoesterase, it was expressed from the view point of basal activity of the enzyme studied jointly with the response following the adding of the salicyl acid. As for roots, only the basal activity was measured by p-nitropohenol concentration. Presented data indicate negative effect of the salicylic acid adding into the enzyme activity.
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