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Prevention of Postoperative Complications in Women after Caesarean Section
MUNKOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the prevention of postoperative complications in women after caesarean section. The thesis was divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis explains the problems of caesarean section and its definition, history, indications, surgical techniques and types of anaesthesia that could be used during this operation. Last but not least, the thesis focuses on possible postoperative complications associated with caesarean section and on preventive steps for postoperative complications. At the same time, the theoretical part deals with the care provided by the midwife to the woman before, during and after the procedure. The aim of the qualitative research part was to find out what is the prevention of post-operative complications in a woman after caesarean section. One research question was set and that was: what care midwives provide to women after caesarean section in the prevention of post-operative complications. The data collection was done during the month of February and March 2023. Two research sets were set. The first research set was midwives working in the six-week care unit, providing care to women after caesarean section. The second research set was women who had a history of but-at least one caesarean section. Midwives PA1-PA9 and women I1-I8 agreed to provide a semi-structured interview. In the semi-structured interview, midwives were asked a total of 10 questions regarding the preventive measures they provide to women in their post-operative care. Women were asked 15 questions and were asked about their experiences of the post-operative care provided. After the interviews were transcribed verbatim, they were analysed by colouring the text. The midwives' and women's responses were coded and the main categories and their sub-categories emerged from the data analysis. The categories of midwives' data were titled: Care of the woman after SC and Postoperative complications. The women's data categories were called: Pre-operative phase, Post-operative phase, and Care provided. The research findings revealed that midwives working in the six-week care unit care for the woman after surgery by monitoring her health status to prevent postoperative complications along with education. As part of their continuing education, they regularly attend seminars on the prevention of post-operative complications and the care to be given to women after a caesarean section. This bachelor thesis could provide midwifery students with inspiration to improve the quality of care provided to the woman. Despite the significant positives of the results obtained, the research part also revealed shortcomings in the care provided after caesarean section. The shortcomings were mainly found in ineffective communication between the midwife and the woman, as well as inadequate education.
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Education of Women by Midwife in the Preoperative Period
TRUXOVÁ, Natálie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the education of women by midwife in the preoperative period. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part includes the topic and classification of gynecological surgeries, as well as the division of the perioperative period, with a detailed focus on the preoperative period, its organization, course, and procedures associated with it. Finally, the theoretical part deals with the concept of education, educational methods, goals, and the relationship between the midwife and the educated women. The practical part of the thesis aimed to determine, how midwives educate women in the preoperative period. Qualitative research was conducted using anonymous semi-structured interviews. The research was carried out from February to March 2023 and data was collected from gynecology units in hospitals in České Budějovice, Liberec, and Jablonec nad Nisou. Two research samples were used: the first sample consisted of midwives who educate women in the preoperative period, and the second consisted of women who underwent gynecological surgery. Interviews with the informants were conducted with their expressed consent and were anonymous. The interviews were recorded on audio. The interviews consisted of eight basic questions and additional follow-up questions for midwives, and ten basic questions and additional follow-up questions for women. The acquired data were transcribed and subsequently analyzed using color coding. To evaluate the data, main categories and subcategories were established and included in the research section of the bachelor thesis. The first research sample consists of main categories (Education, Process of Education in the Preoperative Period) that contain subcategories (Importance of Education, Development of an Educational Plan, Education in the Preoperative Period, Women's Cooperation during Education, Feedback from Women after Education). In the second research sample, there are main categories (Education, Behavior of woman), which are further divided into subcategories (Process of Education, Change in Women's Attitude after Education, Perception of Education from the Midwife Assistant). The first research question aimed to investigate how women evaluate the knowledge they acquire. Informants Ž2, Ž3, Ž4, Ž5 were very satisfied with their education as a midwife and considered the acquired knowledge to be sufficient. The information was communicated to them clearly. However, informant Ž1 who received education from a midwife was dissatisfied. Informant Ž1 did not receive education in the preoperative period, which had a negative impact on her mental state. The overall communication between her and the midwife was also problematic. The second research question focused on how midwife educate women in the preoperative period. In the preoperative period, most of informants stated that they first educate about the functioning of the department, its equipment, and spaces. All informants further described how their education in the preoperative period proceeded. The education provided by all midwives was consistent and included all necessary aspects. The education of midwives included information regarding nutrition, elimination, hygiene, sleep, and pre-medication.
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Midwife and Reproductive Health
KUBIŠOVÁ, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis focuses on reproductive health with the coherence of midwife's work. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with the definition of reproductive health, the physiology of human reproduction, the menstrual cycle, and the need for sex and reproductive education. Furthermore, the function of the public health service system is explained as well as the prevention as part of primary care in the Czech Republic. The midwife's doing is clarified along with her competence and her meaning in the prevention topic. The factors which influence reproductive health such as age, diet, recreational drug use, stress, etc. Are described in detail. The bachelor thesis also centers on family planning, a healthy conception, and types of contraceptive methods of birth control and some information about infertility is mentioned as well. The practical part aimed to discover upper-secondary and tertiary education students' opinions about reproductive health. Further, two hypotheses were determined, which were formulated as follows. Hypothesis n. 1: The tertiary students perceive the need for reproductive health education from a midwife more than upper-secondary students. Hypothesis n. 2: Women perceive the need for reproductive health education more than men. Qualitative data collection was chosen on which the questionnaire was based. The questionnaire contained 41 questions (31 closed, 8 mid-closed, and 2 open ones). It was spread in online form through Google Forms application. The research aggregate consisted of 210 respondents from upper-secondary education students (3rd and 4th years) and tertiary students from various occupations. The research sample was composed of students between the age of 17 to 27 from numerous regions of the Czech Republic. Fisher exact test was used for data analyses of the formulated hypotesis. The level of significance was stated as follows alpha = 5 % (0.05). H1 was not confirmed. It was proven that interest in reproductive health education is not dependent on students´ education; either upper secondary or tercially education degree. Also, it was not confirmed that the reproductive health education is required to be performed by midwife. H2 was confirmed. Based on the analysis was proven that women require reproductive health education to be performed by midwife more than men. According to 87 % (182) respondents of our survey the reproductive health education should be included in upper-secondary and tertiary education but 5 % (11) of respondents would not include it at all and 8 % (17) was not sure. The survey has shown that the ideal learner should be an externally educated person in reproductive health. This person would suit 78.5 % (124) of respondents, 8.2 % (13) of students would like to have a doctor for education in this topic. However, 6,3 % (9) of students would like to have teacher from their school and only for 5.1 % (9) of students the midwife would be suitable. The rest of the students, 1.9 % (3) would like to have somebody else. The Bachelor thesis and the survey could be used for purpose of educational plans and materials in topic of reproductive health education for students.
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Attitude of midwives towards physiotherapeutic interventions during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
BÁRTOVÁ, Anna
The purpose of this thesis investigates the attitude of midwives towards physiotherapeutic interventions during pregnancy, labour and puerperium. Two goals were defined for the thesis. The first goal was to investigate the midwives' interest in the inclusion of the selected methods to their practice and the second objective was to verify the midwives' interest in multidisciplinary cooperation with a physical therapist. The conducted research was based on a quantitative survey via a questionnaire of author's own construction. The questionnaire was distributed in electronic form. The research group consisted of 196 respondents, of which 195 were women and 1 of which was a man. Most respondents belonged to the age group between 25 and 36 years. 75 % of the respondents had a university degree, 11,2 % respondents stated that they graduated vocational school and 13,8 % respondents stated that that their highest reached level of education was highschool. The research showed that midwives are interested in inclusion of the methods in their practice and in multidisciplinary cooperation with a physical therapist. The midwives younger than 35 years showed higher interest in increasing their education than midwives older than 35 years. Correlation between the respondent's age and use of the individual methods was not proven by the research. The results showed that 94 % of the respondents considered multidisciplinary cooperation as important. 79,6 % respondents were interested in multidisciplinary cooperation with a physical therapist. The physical therapists that worked on the respondents' workplace mostly dealt with verticalization and scar care in women after caesarean section and in women after gynecological operations. The respondents themselves used the excercises of getting up sideways the most (93,9 %), verticalization (86,7 %) and breathing excercises. Respondents stated that they felt the greatest increase in the involvement of midwives in rehabilitation care is neeeded in birth injury and scar care (115x). The results can be presented at professional conferences for midwives.
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Obstetric operations and the role of a midwife
LÁNÍKOVÁ, Alena
This work deals with operations performed in connection with pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. It is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes individual surgical interventions, their indications and the role of midwifes in them. It also opens up the topic of awareness of women and midwifes in these areas, which is followed by a research section that focuses on students of this field and their awareness and readiness to perform their role and education. The research part, in the form of a questionnaire survey, was aimed at midwifery students from five universities in the Czech Republic. It was focused on the competence of midwives to instrument caesarean sections. The research group consisted of a total of 80 female respondents. All students were female and were studying second or third year midwifery.
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Pregnancy with positive diagnosis of preeclampsia and the role of a midwife.
HUSÁROVÁ, Nela
This bachelor thesis deals with pregnancy and positive diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The thesis describes the role of a midwife and the needs of pregnant women during hospitalization. The aim of this thesis was to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and a further aim was to find how the needs of women diagnosed with preeclampsia have changed. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part the characteristics of pregnancy, hypertension, etiopathogenesis and the role of a midwife with a woman diagnosed with pre-eclampsia are described. Two aims were chosen for the empirical part of this thesis, namely, to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how the needs of women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia have changed. We were interested in finding out how midwives care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and the needs of these women during hospitalization. Based on these objectives, two research questions were established. How do midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how have the needs of pregnant women changed during the provision of care. A qualitative research investigation was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with midwives and women who have experienced the disease during pregnancy. The first research group consisted of five midwives working in the obstetrics and gynecology department. The second research group consisted of eight informants with personal experience of pre-eclampsia and whose delivery took place less than a year ago. The first research question investigated how midwives perceive the care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. The research survey showed that all the midwives interviewed agreed on increased monitoring of the client's general condition, especially monitoring of blood pressure, swelling, laboratory testing of blood and urine, subjective feelings of the client and further observation of the heart rate of the fetus using a doppler. Furthermore, the midwives emphasized the importance of client education during hospitalization. Most frequently the women were educated about resting regimen, limiting TV and phone screen time, having a semi-dark room, bedrest, signaling devices and getting enough sleep and rest. Only some midwives mentioned educating women about the proper technique of urine collection in 24 hours. Information regarding bowel movement and constipation prevention was mentioned only by midwife PA3. The second research question examined how pregnant women's care needs have changed. The research survey showed that informants most frequently experience disruption of psychosocial needs, namely separation from family and loved ones, fear and concern for their unborn child, homesickness and sadness. Furthermore, the informants reported disruption of sleep due to hospitalization and change of environment. Some informants mentioned limited dietary choices and only informant I8 mentioned a problem of obstipation due to long-term hospitalization and resting regimen. Furthermore, the informants mentioned an information deficit in the area of self-education due to not attending antenatal classes as a result of hospitalization and the previous epidemiological situation. Pregnant women undergoing long-term hospitalization do not have the opportunity to visit antenatal courses outside the medical ward which results in information deficit in the area of self-education. This bachelor thesis has shown that there is a need for more consistent education for women during hospitalization. The findings of this thesis may be used as a source for professional seminars and lectures for midwives.
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Caring for a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus and the care that is provided to women suffering from this disease. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the work, the terms physiological and high-risk pregnancy are defined in the introduction. After explaining the concept of diates mellitus and analyzing its nature, the work focuses on gestational diabetes mellitus and its characteristics. Its etiology, possible complications, effect on the fetus, methods of examination and treatment are described. The last part focuses on the care of midwives, this part of the theoretical part of the work points to the possibilities and areas of education of pregnant women who suffer from gestational diabetes mellitus. The practical part was created with the help of a qualitative research survey. Two goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first aim of the work was to find out what role a midwife plays in the care of women with gestational diabetes and the second to find out what knowledge pregnant women with this disease have. There are three research questions related to the objectives: "What role does a midwife play in caring for a woman with gestational diabetes?", "What knowledge do pregnant women lack about GDM?" And "What knowledge do pregnant women have about GDM?". To achieve the goals, the methodology of qualitative research was chosen in the form of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Two research groups were set up, consisting of pregnant women with personal experience of the disease and midwives caring for these women. The research itself took place during the months of March and April 2022 in the form of a personal meeting at home or in a prenatal clinic. After analyzing the obtained data, the results of the research survey were derived, which were processed into categories and subcategories. Research has found that midwives provide a wide range of education in their care for women diagnosed with GDM in addition to glycemic control, diabetes counseling, and oGTT. They most often educate about diet, diet and the principles of self-monitoring. Pregnant women often had only an awareness of the disease before their diagnosis and lacked the most information about the correctness of the diet.
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The menstrual cycle from the perspective of women
MAURICOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with women's awareness in the field of menstrual cycle. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the anatomy of female genitals, the physiology of the menstrual cycle, it also mentions the disorders of the menstrual cycle. Last but not least, it solves period supplies and related hygiene and menstrual poverty. The theoretical part also mentions the impact of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on a woman's menstrual cycle and the role of a midwife in education. Two goals have been set for the practical part. The first goal was to find out what information women have about the menstrual cycle. The second goal was to map if women are informed about menstruation by a midwife. The research survey has been conducted on the basis of a questionnaire survey. The self-designed questionnaire consisted of closed and semi-closed questions. The Mann-Whitney test for two independent samples and the two relative frequency agreement tests have been used to evaluate the hypotheses. The research group consisted of 1 499 respondents. Respondents were divided intocategories according to age 18-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-60 and 61 and over. The questionnaire was shared on the social network Facebook. Women aged 18-25 had the largest proportion of the total number of respondents. Related to the above objectives, the hypotheses have been set this way: H1: Women aged 18-35 are more informed about menstruation than women aged 36 and over. H2: Women aged 18-35 had more information from their mothers at the onset menstruation than women aged 36 and over. H3: Women get information about menstruation from the Internet rather than from a midwife. The research survey has found out that respondents obtained information about menstruation mainly from their mothers. 1 169 (77.9 %) of all women interviewed received information from their mothers, who rated information mainly as sufficient (31.4 %; 470 answers) or as average (22 %; 330 answers). Another 712 (47.4 %) women got information from the Internet and 602 (40.2 %) from school. 3.7% of women surveyed (56 women) stated that no one provided them with any information. Only 26 (1.7 %) women received information from the midwife. The research has also shown that women aged 18-35 have more knowledge of menstruation than women aged 36 and over. Regarding information from mothers, women aged 18-35 had more information from mothers at the start of menstruation thanwomen aged 36 and over. The proportion of women who mentioned the internet as a source of information is greater than the proportion of women who mentioned a midwife. Research has shown that women are informed about menstrual cycle. However, it is important to midwives to use sufficiently their competencies.
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The role of a midwife in supporting woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
ČEJKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis dealt with the topic of the role of midwives in supporting a woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The thesis consists of two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. In the theoretical part there is information about pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and related issues. Education, involvement of the woman's partner and his cooperation with the midwife are issues that this bachelor thesis deals with. In the research part of the bachelor thesis, a quantitative method was used for data collection. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions, of which 25 were closed, 9 semi-closed and 14 open questions. In the introduction, there were sorting questions. Next, the questions were divided into three basic areas: pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The questionnaire was directed for men whose wife already gave birth. The questionnaire was distributed online, via the social network Facebook and via a direct link and sent to men of an unlimited age category whose wife already gave birth. A total of 120 men participated in the research. The questionnaire was processed using Microsoft Excel. Answers were processed using graphic representation accompanied by a verbal description. In this work, we set 1 goal: To find out what is the role of the midwife in supporting the woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. For the research part, 3 hypotheses were established. The first was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during pregnancy in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of pregnancy. Here, a dependence was not found between the partner's awareness of the course of pregnancy in a woman and a more positive perception of this period. The second hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during the period of childbirth in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of childbirth. Hypothesis number two has been confirmed. The third hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife in the postpartum period in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the postpartum period. Hypothesis number three has also been confirmed.
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Midwife care for a woman during lactation
KRYGLOVÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis deals with the midwife´s care of a woman during Lactation. It is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part contains information about the anatomy of the breast, lactation, the composition of mother´s milk and its benefits, the principles of proper breastfeeding, difficulties and problems with breastfeeding, breastfeeding support, and finally the cessation of lactation. For the practical part of the bachelor thesis the main aim was to find out what problems women most often face during lactation. Three research questions were set out to detremine this aim. The first research question dealt with where women most often seek help in the event of a breastfeeding problem. The second research question investigates women´s experiences with midwife care in connection with lactation, and the third research question adressed what knowledge and information women lacked. The practical part of the bachelor thesis was done by a qulitative research investigation in the form of individual semi-structured interviews. The research group consisted of ten women who were breastfeeding and had finished their puerperium. All women gave verbal consent to the interview and to its recording on a dictaphone. The women also agreed to the subsequent processing of the information obtained. The research survey took place from February to April 2022. Interviews with women consisted of twenty main questions, which were supplemented by supplementary questions in order to obtain more detailed information. The interviews were subsequently transcribed and analyzed. For data evaluation main categories and subcategories were determined, which are described in the research part of the bachelor thesis. Three categories and fourteen subcategories were created. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used by professional seminars and as informational material for midwifes who, based on our results, can change their attitude towards women and education in the field of lactation.
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