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Professional first aid in motorcycle racings in the Czech republic and abroad
SEJK, Lukáš
This Bachelor thesis deals with providing of professional first aid during motorcycle races in Czech Republic and abroad. A notion "motorcycle races" in this work is narrowed down only to "sidecarcross". In this field there is a high risk of injury because of the variable nature of the track, weight and power of the machine. These injuries are most frequent causes of death of working-age people. Therefore it is so important to provide pre-hospital care immediately after any accident right on the track. The objective of this thesis is to map these types of races from the point of view of health insurance and to determine qualification of personnel at the place of accident. The thesis is compiled from semi-structured interviews and participation right at sporting venues. Interviews were conducted with two groups of respondents. The first was group of organisers of international championship races in Czech Republic and world championship. The second group was composed of medical personnel providing health care right at the tracks. The findings of interviews were confronted with findings acquired from participating observation at the venues of races. The research has pointed out missing legislative support of this issue and the resulting disunity during providing sporting events.
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Effect of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritive substrate oxidation in polytrauma patients.
Vlnová, Jana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
In this study, examinations of 6 patiens of the ICU of the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove were included. The aim of this study was to describe case reports of individual patients and to look for statistically significant correlations between nutritional support, oxidation of nutrients and other parameteres. Anthropometric measuring and indirect calorimetry were used for the examination of patients. The case reports show the individuality that occurs in patients. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate measured data. Statistically significant correlations were proven, among them relations between enterally given nutrition and the creation/loss of muscle tissue (carbohydrates: P = 0,000189, lipids: P = 0,001284, proteins: P = 0,000255), between carbohydrate oxidation, resp. protein oxidation and the number of hours spent on ventilation (carbohydrates: P = 0,041278, proteins: P = 0,02185), between respiratory quotients and the duration of the trauma (respiratory quotient: P = 0,014695, nonprotein respiratory quotient: P = 0,027904), between carbohydrate oxidation related to ideal body weight and lipid intake (P = 0,014085) and between protein oxidation and carbohydrate intake (P = 0,012703). Key words: polytrauma, indirect calorimetry, nutritional support, malnutrition
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Perception of hospitalization of polytraumatised ICU patients and its evolution in time
Haramijová, Eva ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Gigalová, Veronika (referee)
Author: Eva Haramijová Institution: Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Department of Social Medicine Department of Nursing Title: Perception of hospitalization of polytraumatised ICU patients and its evolution in time Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc. Number of pages: 132 Number of attachments: 6 Year of defense: 2016 Keywords: polytrauma, pacient's perceptions, aspects of hospitalization, ICU Bachelor's thesis is a summary of basic knowledge in the field of general traumatology and specifics of polytraumatized patient's care. It describes the system of patient's care based on ATLS principles, care management, complications and psychosocial aspects. Empiric part concentrates on description of qualitative research performed in two phases by the method of half structured interviews with five patients to describe perception changes in time. Mainly, the goal was to clarify negatively percepted phenomenons of ICU hospitalization: restrictions, sleep and rest, staff behaviour and psychological dealing with the situation. Additional questions referred to the worst experience, positives of hospitalization and potential live changes due to injury. The research was performed in intensive care unit of surgical clinic of university hospital in Hradec Kralove. The result...
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Pathophysiological aspects of critically ill patients and its influencing with hormonal and nutritional support.
Kafková, Anežka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The state of critically ill patients suffering from polytrauma or sepsis is characterised by pathophysiologic processes, which cause significant changes in an organism on both a local and a systematic level. A stressful situation elicits an acute inflammatory response. This response is primarily meant to be a defence mechanism; however, this mechanism might become harmful to a certain degree. Hormones, cytokines and growth factors are included among the main control mechanisms activated during inflammatory response. A metabolic response to a stressful situation is characterized by an increased turnover of proteins, lipids, and glucose. Clinical consequences may develop as a result of these metabolic responses and include inflammation, anorexia, immobility, increased vascular permeability (which results in edema), vasodilation, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output. There are some key factors which have a negative contribution on an inflammatory response. Those factors may include malnutrition, pre-existing inflammatory activity, severe infection, obesity, ageing, genotype, and finally gender-gene effects, which may also play a role. The development of significant hormonal changes can be typified for critically ill patients. Such changes are particularly connected to catecholamines, thyroid...
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma.
Hons, Ondřej ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma. Summary: The general part of the bachelor thesis deals with the topic of polytrauma. For a better understanding of this issue here will be briefly and chronologically described how to care for the affected patient with polytrauma. The possible damage to the tissue and its healing. I focused mainly on the bone tissue and its complication with emphasis on bone fractures. I deal in detail the anatomy of the bone tissue, its function, blood supply, and especially the very fractures, its healing and rebuilding. I also deal with the disturbances of bone healing and other possible complications associated with this issue. Finally i discuss general physiotherapy procedures and its usage in the diagnosis. In the practical part of the thesis there will be described case study of the patient treated for polytrauma. The case study contains kinesiological analysis, therapeutic units and evaluation of their effect. Keywords: polytrauma, bone tissue, bone fracture, bone healing, physiotherapeutic methods, therapy
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The issue of treating patient with polytrauma
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Barbora
Polytrauma is an injury of one or more organic systems or body areas the mutual combination and extent of which may lead to direct death threat. Polytrauma stands on the first step of the mortality ladder particularly among those of 1 45 years of age. Not only timely emergency care, but also professional quality of the care play important role here. Treatment of a patient with polytrauma requires quality performance of physically and psychically demanding work The aim of the thesis was 1: To find out whether nurses at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department have knowledge of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma. 2: To find out the specifics of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. 3: To find out the differences in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. Research questions: 1. Where do ARD nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 2. Where do ICU nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 3. Where do nurses from a standard department see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 4. How do ARD nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 5: How do ICU nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 6: How do nurses from a standard department care of a patient with polytrauma? 7: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ARD nurses have? 8: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ICU nurses have? 9: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do nurses from a standard department have? Qualitative research was applied to preparation of the thesis. Non-structured interview and involved observation were the data collection methods. The research was performed at an anaesthesia and resuscitation department, at an intensive care unit and at a standard traumatology department. The research was anonymous. The research has shown that ARD and ICU nurses as well as those at the standard department are aware of treatment of patients with polytrauma. We observed that they cared about patients' needs and all activities they perform comply with nursing care standards. They are aware of complications that might occur in a polytraumatized patient. We have also found that mainly the difference in communication with a patient belongs to the specifics of the above mentioned departments. The results also show that the care provided at the ARD and the ICU is acute, while the standard department mostly provides subsequent care. We found that the biggest difference in treatment of patients with polytrauma at the above departments is in communication with a patient. Communication is at the minimum at ARD, where work with monitors prevails. Nurses of the ICU and the standard department cope with different problems. These are lack of space and electronic equipment at the ICU. The care of a patient with polytrauma who is not self-sufficient and requires permanent care and attention of a nurse is physically and psychically demanding at a standard department. It is not sufficient according to the nurses. The problem is in their opinion in high number of patients, lack of beds, extensive attention to some patients and last but not least the growing administration conducted by nurses. This brings the problems in nurse-patient communication at a standard department. The nurses are aware of the fact that effective communication has positive impact on patient recovery as it moderates pain and confusion and helps against anxiety and stress, helps relieve pain, reduce complications and accelerate convalescence. It would be interesting to prepare a seminar for the ARD, ICU and standard department healthcare staff to improve nursing care of a patient with polytrauma in relation to that.
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Traffic accidents on department of forensic medicine – cases from practice
Ďatko, Miroslav ; Zelený, Michal ; Sedlák, Jaroslav
The authors present two cases from the recent practice. In the first case report the authors describe a conflict of an aggressive driver, which occurred after stopping vehicles, one of the drivers was injured and his vehicle was damaged. The second case study concerns the unusual fatal traffic accident, during which a cyclist collide with delivery van. The cyclist was killed at the end of traffic accident due to the fact that the delivery van flipped on the side and fell on the body of the cyclist.
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Physiotherapy methods for fractures of the femur after moto-accidents
VOHRALÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
This thesis is entitled Physiotherapy in fractures of the femur after moto-accidents and examines the feasibility of using different physiotherapeutic techniques for this type of diagnosis. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is a summary of knowledge about the anatomy of the femur, kinesiology of the hip and knee joints and there are outlined physiotherapeutic methods that can be used to influence femur fractures incurred after moto-accidents in the patient's immobile phase and later in the period after the immobilization. In the practical part, which was drawn up in the form of qualitative research, is then prepared a case report of a patient with the given diagnosis, input and output kinesiology analysis, itemized individual therapeutic unit and at the end of practical part described the evaluation of the effect of therapy. The aim of this work is to monitor the physiotherapeutic methods and techniques used in the treatment of patients with fracture of the femur and also to explain the problems of these injuries and their subsequent complications in treatment. The methods used have produced positive results such as significant improvement of the patient's health, particularly his joint movement in all directions, muscle strength, posture and walking stereotype. The work may be useful in practice for healthcare workers in the trauma department at the hospital or outpatient clinics, where they carry out subsequent rehabilitation of these patients. Furthermore, due to the seasonal type of injury can take advantage of the work and health professions students who meet with these patients passing the summer practice.
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Activity of the radiographer at the emergency department.
PIŠTĚKOVÁ, Martina
A patient with urgent condition which threatens his life or health requires special approach of a radiology assistant to executed diagnostic performances. In this bachelor thesis, I describe procedures in case of these conditions. Because the given topic is quite extensive, I preferred a detailed description of the most serious conditions. I chose the topic because of its timeliness. The number of patients with urgent condition has an upward character for sure because of accelerated life pace and related traumas as well as diseases of civilization. My work describes three researches. The first one finds out the share of different investigations in the radiodiagnostic department as regards patients with urgent condition per one year in one hospital. The second one is related to the refresher courses of radiology assistants in relation to patients with urgent condition. The third one investigates algorithms of investigations in the radiodiagnostic department in different medical facilities. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the term "urgent condition" and basic description of the approach to a patient in the given situation. I mention brief principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. I analyse individual modalities used in the radiodiagnostic department. Other subchapters are focused on the description of concrete conditions and sequence of investigations. The practical part begins with the chapter called "Targets, Hypothesis". It is concentrated on the description of the main role of my work which is discovery of radiology assistants´ approach to patients with urgent condition and the situation in education of radiology assistants in the Czech Republic. Some parts compare the condition with the situation in other countries of the European Union. The chapter called "Discussion" is devoted to the general evaluation of researches. It mentions also the important role of radiology assistants when treating patients with urgent condition. The "Conclusion" evaluates meeting of targets of this thesis and outlines possible solutions.
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