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Interaction between circadian clock and macrophages in the adipose tissue
Honzlová, Petra ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Well functioning circadian system is crucial component of healthy organism and its disruption can result in impairment of metabolic functions with consequential development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is in general caused by enhanced migration of pro- inflammatory polarized macrophages (M1) into adipose tissue. We have shown, that interaction of this type of macrophages with adipose tissue had significant effect on rhythmic expression of clock genes in adipocytes. We further investigated effect of high fat diet and diet enriched by omega-3 fatty acids on circadian oscillations in WAT and differently polarized macrophages. This diet affected oscillations in adipose tissue and in M0 and M2 polarized macrophages. These results support previous findings of effect of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism and suggest their effect on circadian system as well. Key words: circadian rhythms, adipose tissue, macrophages, omega-3 fatty acids, high fat diet
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Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in obesity and its modulation by dietary omega-3 fatty acids
Kalendová, Veronika ; Rossmeisl, Martin (advisor) ; Hlaváčková, Markéta (referee)
Obesity is associated with metabolic complications including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension (metabolic syndrome). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) activity is elevated in obesity, which can further potentiate metabolic impairments. Pharmacological treatment based on the cannabinoid receptor CB1 blockade led to a decrease in body weight and significant improvements of metabolic parameters in obese individuals. However, parallel effects on the central nervous system resulted in unwanted side-effects including anxiety and depressive moods. Recent experimental studies suggested that dietary interventions with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin (EPA, DHA) can decrease the ECS activity in peripheral tissues (adipose, liver, pancreas), and thus partially protect against metabolic disturbances in obesity. One of the underlying mechanisms behind the effects of EPA and DHA could be a replacement of arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of membrane phospholipids, thereby reducing the substrate availability for the synthesis of endocannabinoid molecules. Key words: omega-3 fatty acids, obesity, endocannabinoid system, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide
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Sources and current level of consumption of omega-3 fatty acids in the Czech Republic
MERLEOVÁ, Gabriela
The thesis deals with beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their beneficial effects on health. Characteristics, properties and appearance of omega-3 fatty acids may explain some of the mechanisms of their effects on human health manifested not only in the treatment and mitigation of some non-infectious diseases of mass occurrence, but especially in the area of preventive action. Theoretic information used in the first part of this work was obtained from scientific and professional publications and periodicals searched in domestic and international databases of scientific and specialist literature. The part of data collection and analysis compares the intake of omega-3 acids in the form of fish dishes prepared for children in the first half of elementary school, aged 7 to 10 years, in randomly selected school canteens or contracted catering in the European Union with the recommendations of Decree 107/2005 Sb. Ministry of Education.
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