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The influence of enteral nutrition on the course of Crohn's disease
Homzová, Nikola ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Bortlík, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Crohn's disease is an illness of the digestive tract with an uncertain etiology which threatens the nutritional state of patients and in addition to other problems results in a worsening of the disease in reaction to primary treatment. The possibilities of optimizing the nutritional state are several: changing diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition or combination of both. It is necessary to arrange an entirely individual approach for ensuring the highest measure of attention and nutritional effectiveness. Methods: The influence of enteral nutrition was monitored during a course of Crohn's disease. 84 patients with malnutrition and with an active form of Crohn's disease were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type and dosage of enteral nutrition. The first group included patients who used partial enteral nutrition in the form of sipping with an energy value of 1200 kcal daily. Patients covered the remaining energy needs with a low-residue diet enriched by soluble fiber. The second group included patients who were given exclusive oligomeric enteral nutrition with a nasojejunal tube for a period of eight weeks. The amount of enteral nutrition in both groups was individually adjusted and calculated, according to the Harris-Benedict equation. The...
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The need for nutritional intervention for patients after stroke
Šišková, Ivana ; Hlinovský, David (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Need of nutritional intervention in patients after stroke Summary Aims: To identify how many patients after acute stroke have accurate oral intake of energy and proteins and how is this condition changed after one month of hospitalization. To evaluate the association between dysphagia and food intake. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by observations of food intake, eaten food records, calculating of energy and nutrients intake and comparing to needed energy (by Harris-Benedicts equation) and proteins. GUSS screening tool was used to evaluation of swallowing, ADL test for self-sufficiency assessment. Data included antropometrical indicators (weight, height, arm circumference) and nutritional screenings in Thomayer hospital in Prague. Results: Of the 35 patients, 54 % had adequate oral intake of energy and 23 % adequate intake of proteins in the first week after stroke. Adequate oral intake of energy was indicated in 66 % of patients and adequate intake of proteins in 11 % after one month of hospitalization. There were no significant improvements of oral energy intake (p=0,2891, α=0,05) or protein intake (p=0,1336, α=0,05) after one month of hospitalization. 84,4 % of patients suffered from dysphagia in first week after stroke and 60,6 % after one month of hospitalization. Correlation between inadequate...
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Physiotherapy in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Aspects Influencing their Convalescence
Zídková, Veronika ; Kurfürstová, Martina (advisor) ; Novotná, Marie (referee)
BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE Title: Physiotherapy in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Aspects Influencing their Convalescence Abstract: This bachelor's thesis deals with physiotherapy and the application principles of secondary prevention in the hospital phase of rehabilitation in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this thesis is to describe the physiotherapeutical management in the hospital phase and the ways in which a physiotherapist can influence a lifestyle change of the patient. The design of this work is theoretical-practical. In the theoretical section, facts about the anatomy of the heart and myocardial infarction are summarised. The main chapters are devoted to the physiotherapeutical management in the hospital phase and to the aspects of secondary prevention which deal with risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. In the practical section, the course of the physiotherapeutical management is described in two case studies, as well as preventive intervention focusing on quitting smoking, change of dietary habits, increase in physical activity and the screening for depression and other psychosocial risk factors in two patients after acute myocardial infarction during their hospital stay in the General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Key words: acute myocardial infarction,...
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